wind instrument: The Romantic period: …of Berlioz’s own compositions, the Te Deum, Opus 22, calls for an expanded wind complement of four flutes, four oboes, four clarinets, four horns, four bassoons, two trumpets, two cornets, six trombones, two tubas, and an alto saxhorn

Henry Purcell: Music for church: …in 1685, and the festal Te Deum and Jubilate, written for St. Cecilia’s Day in 1694. Of these the anthem is the more impressive; the Te Deum and Jubilate suffers on the whole from a forced brilliance that seems to have faded with the passage of time.

Te Deum laudamus, Latin hymn to God the Father and Christ the Son, traditionally sung on occasions of public rejoicing. According to legend, it was improvised antiphonally by St. Ambrose and St. Augustine at the latter’s baptism. It has more plausibly been attributed to Nicetas, bishop of Remesiana

North Island, island, the smaller of the two principal islands of New Zealand in the South Pacific Ocean. It is separated from South Island by Cook Strait. The island’s terrain rises to a central mountain range (a continuation of the South Island range), which parallels the east coast. The range

Keri Hulme: Hulme also published Te Kaihau/The Windeater (1986), a collection of short stories, and the collections of poetry Lost Possessions (1985) and Strands (1992). Stonefish (2004) is a collection of short stories.

Kiri Te Kanawa is a New Zealand lyric soprano best known for her repertoire of works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss. As a five-week-old infant, she was adopted by Tom and Nell Te Kanawa and given the name Kiri. Tom, like her biological father, was Maori, and his wife, like Kiri’s

Kiri Te Kanawa is a New Zealand lyric soprano best known for her repertoire of works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss. As a five-week-old infant, she was adopted by Tom and Nell Te Kanawa and given the name Kiri. Tom, like her biological father, was Maori, and his wife, like Kiri’s

Te Kooti was a Maori guerrilla and founder of the Ringatu religious movement in New Zealand. Imprisoned on the Chatham Islands, he studied the Old Testament and in December 1867 announced that he had been divinely commanded to found a new church. The following year he escaped and for several years

Te Kooti was a Maori guerrilla and founder of the Ringatu religious movement in New Zealand. Imprisoned on the Chatham Islands, he studied the Old Testament and in December 1867 announced that he had been divinely commanded to found a new church. The following year he escaped and for several years

Rarotonga: …2,139 feet (652 metres) at Te Manga. Surrounding its mountainous core is a plain, an ancient raised fringing coral reef covered with sediment. The island itself is fringed by a coral reef.

Te Matatini, biennial New Zealand festival highlighting traditional Maori culture, especially the performing arts. The festival was called by a variety of names after its inception in 1972 and has been known since 2004 as Te Matatini, which in the Maori language means “The Many Faces.” It is also

Te Matatini, biennial New Zealand festival highlighting traditional Maori culture, especially the performing arts. The festival was called by a variety of names after its inception in 1972 and has been known since 2004 as Te Matatini, which in the Maori language means “The Many Faces.” It is also

Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, in Wellington, museum of art, science, and the natural history of New Zealand, created in 1992 when the National Art Gallery and the National Museum merged under a parliamentary act. The name Te Papa Tongarewa translates to “our container of treasured things

Wiremu Kīngi was a Māori chief whose opposition to the colonial government’s purchase of tribal lands led to the First Taranaki War (1860–61) and inspired the Māori resistance throughout the 1860s to European colonization of New Zealand’s fertile North Island. After leading his Te Atiawa tribe from

Māori language, a language in the Eastern Polynesian subgroup of the Eastern Austronesian (Oceanic) languages that is spoken in New Zealand and the Cook Islands. It is the language of the indigenous Māori people. The Māori Language Act of 1987 made it one of New Zealand’s official languages.

Māori: Māori versus Pākehā: …and to the Māori as Te riri Pākehā, “the white man’s anger,”—was fought from 1864 to 1872. Hostilities spread to virtually the whole of North Island. The main Māori combatants in the mid-60s were the fanatic Hauhau warriors. The British government wanted to conclude peace in 1864, but the colonial…

Te Tiriti o Waitangi , (February 6, 1840), historic pact between Great Britain and a number of New Zealand Māori tribes of North Island. It purported to protect Māori rights and was the immediate basis of the British annexation of New Zealand. Negotiated at the settlement of Waitangi on February

Hauhau: The movement was founded by Te Ua Haumene, a Maori prophet who had been captured in his youth and converted to Christianity before his release. Like most other Maori, he was opposed to the sale of Maori land, and he joined the Maori King Movement. In 1862 he had a…

Te Urewera, protected region in northeastern North Island, New Zealand. It has an area of 821 square miles (2,127 square km) and has the largest expanse of indigenous forest in the North Island. Te Urewera is located in a region between Wairoa and Rotorua, and contains mountain ranges, picturesque

South Island, island, the larger and southernmost of the two principal islands of New Zealand, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. South Island is separated from North Island to the north by Cook Strait and from Stewart Island to the south by Foveaux Strait. Mountainous terrain occupies almost

Māori: The rise of the King Movement: …Te Wherowhero, who reigned as Pōtatau I. In addition to electing a king, they established a council of state, a judicial system, and a police organization, all of which were intended to support Māori resolve to retain their land and to stop the intertribal warfare over the issue. Not all…

Palazzo del Te, summer palace and horse farm near Mantua, Italy, of Duke Federico Gonzaga II. It was designed and built (c. 1525–35) by Giulio Romano, who also executed several of the fresco murals decorating the interior. The palace and its wall paintings are traditionally considered among the

Dezhou, city, northwestern Shandong sheng (province), northeast-central China. It is located on the Southern (Yongji) Canal, just east of the Wei River and the border with Hebei province. The Dezhou area was part of a county named Ge during the Qin dynasty (221–207 bce). Changhe county was then

Dehua porcelain, Chinese porcelain made at Dehua in Fujian province. Although the kiln began production some time during the Song period (960–1279), most examples of the porcelain are attributed to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The characteristic product of Dehua was the white porcelain known to

Dezong was the temple name (miaohao) of the 10th emperor (reigned 779–805) of the Tang dynasty and the only emperor in the latter half of the dynasty to reign more than 20 years. In spite of his long reign, he never successfully controlled the militarists who commanded the provinces and ignored

Vidya Balan: Later career: After the disappointing thriller Te3n (2016; “Three”), she appeared in an unsuccessful sequel to Kahaani, titled Kahaani 2: Durga Rani Singh, and the Partition-set period film Begum Jaan (2017). Although Balan received good notices for her performances, the movies were not hits at the box office.

tea, beverage produced by steeping in freshly boiled water the young leaves and leaf buds of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Two principal varieties are used, the small-leaved China plant (C. sinensis variety sinensis) and the large-leaved Assam plant (C. sinensis variety assamica). Hybrids of

marijuana, crude drug composed of the leaves and flowers of plants in the genus Cannabis. The term marijuana is sometimes used interchangeably with cannabis; however, the latter refers specifically to the plant genus, which comprises C. sativa and, by some classifications, C. indica and C.

Tea Act, (1773), in British American colonial history, legislative maneuver by the British ministry of Lord North to make English tea marketable in America. A previous crisis had been averted in 1770 when all the Townshend Acts duties had been lifted except that on tea, which had been mainly

tea and coffee service, set of vessels and implements for making and serving tea and coffee, the items often of matched design. Elaborate 18th-century examples had tea and coffee pots, a milk or cream jug, a pair of tea caddies, a sugar bowl and pair of tongs, teaspoons and a small tray for them, a

Vincente Minnelli: Films of the later 1950s: Lust for Life, Gigi, and Some Came Running: Tea and Sympathy (1956) was adapted from the play by Robert Anderson, which was heavily rewritten by Anderson to comply with Production Code standards. The final result was a bowdlerized drama about a young man (John Kerr) who is seduced by the older wife (Deborah…

plant bug: Helopeltis theivora is the tea blight bug of Southeast Asia. It is both common and highly destructive.

caddy, container for tea. A corrupt form of the Malay kati, a weight of a little more than a pound (or about half a kilogram), the word was applied first to porcelain jars filled with tea and imported into England from China. Many caddies made from silver, copper, brass, pewter, and other

tea ceremony, time-honoured institution in Japan, rooted in the principles of Zen Buddhism and founded upon the reverence of the beautiful in the daily routine of life. It is an aesthetic way of welcoming guests, in which everything is done according to an established order. The ceremony takes

Theaceae, the tea family of plants in the order Theales. The Theaceae comprises about 40 genera of trees or shrubs native to temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres, including several ornamental plants, one that is the source of tea. Members of the family have evergreen leaves and

Cat Stevens: Breakthrough albums: His next album, Tea for the Tillerman, released the same year, was also a success. It featured the popular singles “Wild World,” “Father and Son,” and “Hard Headed Woman.” His following album, Teaser and the Firecat (1971), launched Stevens into stardom. The tracks “Moonshadow,” “Morning Has Broken,” and…

Irving Caesar: …Happy,” “Crazy Rhythm,” and “Tea for Two,” one of the most frequently recorded tunes ever written.

garden and landscape design: Japanese: The Japanese tea garden grew out of an esoteric ritual originated in China and connected with the taking of tea. The tea cult, which flourished from the 14th to the end of the 16th century, was calculated to instill humility, restraint, sensibility, and other cognate virtues. The…

Tetrameristaceae: …of a single species (P. rhizophorae) of evergreen mangrove trees on the Pacific coast or, rarely, the Atlantic coast of Central America and northern South America. Known as tea mangroves, those trees have long pointed terminal buds and spirally arranged leaves with asymmetrical bases and short stalks. The large…

tea olive, a plant of the genus Osmanthus in the family Oleaceae, often grown for its fragrant flowers and shining, evergreen foliage. There are about 15 species, native to eastern North America, Mexico, southeastern Asia, Hawaii, and New Caledonia. Sweet olive, or sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus

Tea Party movement, conservative populist social and political movement that emerged in 2009 in the United States, generally opposing excessive taxation and government intervention in the private sector while supporting stronger immigration controls. Historically, populist movements in the United

tea plant, (Camellia sinensis), evergreen flowering plant valued for its young leaves and leaf buds, from which the tea beverage is produced. Two principal varieties are used commercially, the small-leaved China plant (Camellia sinensis, variety sinensis) and the large-leaved Assam plant (C.

rose: Major species and hybrids: …of frequently blooming but fragile tea roses with vigorous hybrid perpetual roses. The hybrid perpetuals achieved great popularity until they were supplanted by the hybrid teas in the early 20th century. Polyantha roses are a class of very hardy roses that produce dense bunches of tiny blossoms. Floribunda roses are…

rose: Major species and hybrids: …rose is that of the hybrid tea roses, which accounts for the majority of roses grown in greenhouses and gardens and sold in florist shops. Hybrid teas come in the complete range of rose colours and have large symmetrical blossoms. Hybrid teas resulted from the crossbreeding of frequently blooming but…

tea and coffee service, set of vessels and implements for making and serving tea and coffee, the items often of matched design. Elaborate 18th-century examples had tea and coffee pots, a milk or cream jug, a pair of tea caddies, a sugar bowl and pair of tongs, teaspoons and a small tray for them, a

paperbark tree: Melaleuca quinquenervia, also called punk tree and tea tree, grows to a height of 8 metres (25 feet); it has spongy white bark that peels off in thin layers. M. leucadendron, also called river tea tree, is sometimes confused with the former; its leaves provide cajeput oil, used for…

Leptospermum: tea trees: the Australian tea tree (Leptospermum laevigatum), growing to a height of 6 m (20 feet), has shredding bark and white flowers. It is used for reclamation planting and erosion control on sandy soils. The woolly tea tree (L. lanigerum) differs in having fuzzy…

tea tree oil: …essential oil derived from the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a species of tall shrub or tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) originally native to the Bungawalbin Valley in New South Wales, eastern Australia. Tea tree oil historically was used by Australian Aboriginal peoples in herbal remedies. Today, it is commonly…

tea tree oil, essential oil derived from the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a species of tall shrub or tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) originally native to the Bungawalbin Valley in New South Wales, eastern Australia. Tea tree oil historically was used by Australian Aboriginal peoples in

Franco Zeffirelli: …films included Jane Eyre (1996), Tea with Mussolini (1999), and Callas Forever (2002). He continued to film operas such as I Pagliacci (1981), Cavalleria rusticana (1982), Otello (1986), and La Bohème (2008), often working in myriad roles, including opera director and production and costume designer.

Joan Plowright: Personal life: …Eileen Atkins in the documentary Nothing Like a Dame (2018; also called Tea with the Dames). Plowright’s memoir, And That’s Not All, was published in 2001.

partridgeberry, (Mitchella repens), North American plant of the madder family (Rubiaceae), growing in dry woods from southwestern Newfoundland westward to Minnesota and southward to Florida and Texas. Partridgeberry is a good wild-garden plant for shady places and is popular in winter terrariums

Gaultheria: Major species: Wintergreen (G. procumbens), also called checkerberry or teaberry, is a creeping shrub with white bell-shaped flowers, spicy red fruits, and aromatic shiny leaves.

Teach for America (TFA), nonprofit educational organization formed in 1990 to address underachievement in American public schools. Teach for America (TFA) was founded by Wendy Kopp, who first conceived of the idea in her senior thesis at Princeton University. With the goal of getting highly

Blackbeard was one of history’s most famous pirates, who became an imposing figure in American folklore. Little is known of Blackbeard’s early life, and his origins have been left to speculation. He has been widely identified as Edward Teach (or several variations thereof, including Thatch and

teacher education, any of the formal programs that have been established for the preparation of teachers at the elementary- and secondary-school levels. (Read Arne Duncan’s Britannica essay on “Education: The Great Equalizer.”) While arrangements of one kind or another for the education of the

Frank McCourt: …the memoirs ’Tis (2000) and Teacher Man (2005).

Lucian: His Teacher of Orators contains ironical advice on how to become a successful orator by means of claptrap and impudence, while in Word-Flaunter he attacks a contemporary rhetorician who is excessively fond of using an archaic and recondite vocabulary.

George Seaton: Miracle on 34th Street and The Country Girl: …Holden and Deborah Kerr, and Teacher’s Pet (1958), a pairing of Clark Gable and Doris Day as, respectively, a newspaper editor and a journalism teacher who spar until they finally fall in love. The latter featured a fine supporting cast that included Gig Young and Mamie Van Doren, and it…

normal school, institution for the training of teachers. One of the first schools so named, the École Normale Supérieure (“Normal Superior School”), was established in Paris in 1794. Based on various German exemplars, the school was intended to serve as a model for other teacher-training schools.

National Education Association (NEA), American voluntary association of teachers, administrators, and other educators associated with elementary and secondary schools and colleges and universities. It is the world’s largest professional organization. Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. The

Columbia University: Its Teachers College (1887), with the city for a laboratory, is one of the best known in the nation, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons (1767), together with the Presbyterian Hospital and allied institutions, forms the nucleus of one of the country’s renowned medical centres.

Central Connecticut State University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in New Britain, Conn., U.S. It is one of four universities in the Connecticut State University system. The university includes schools of business, technology, arts and sciences, and education and

normal school, institution for the training of teachers. One of the first schools so named, the École Normale Supérieure (“Normal Superior School”), was established in Paris in 1794. Based on various German exemplars, the school was intended to serve as a model for other teacher-training schools.

ARCHIVED TOPIC: This topic was archived on Nov. 28, 2022, and will no longer be updated. Teacher tenure is the increasingly controversial form of job protection that public school teachers in 46 states receive after 1-5 years on the job. An estimated 2.3 million teachers have tenure. Proponents of

teaching, the profession of those who give instruction, especially in an elementary school or a secondary school or in a university. Measured in terms of its members, teaching is the world’s largest profession. In the 21st century it was estimated that there were about 80 million teachers

teacher education: Appointment procedures and probationary requirements: …sets its own requirements for certification, which inevitably do much to shape the content and organization of the teacher-education programs. The variety of such regulations often means that teachers who have received their education and training in one province or state are not qualified to teach in schools elsewhere without…

teaching machine, any mechanical device used for presenting a program of instructional material. There are many types of teaching machines. In general, they all work on the same method, which is to present a question, have the user indicate the answer, and then provide the user with the correct

Apostolic Constitutions: …are an adaptation of the Didascalia Apostolorum, written in Syria about ad 250. They deal with Christian ethics, the duties of the clergy, the eucharistic liturgy, and various church problems and rituals.

Didachē, the oldest surviving Christian church order, probably written in Egypt or Syria in the 2nd century. In 16 short chapters it deals with morals and ethics, church practice, and the eschatological hope of Christ’s Second Coming at the end of time and presents a general program for instruction

With the European recovery and translation of Greek mathematical texts during the 12th century—the first Latin translation of Euclid’s Elements, by Adelard of Bath, was made about 1120—and with the multiplication of universities beginning around 1200, the Elements was installed as the ultimate

Carlos Castaneda: The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge was published in 1968 and quickly became a best-seller. With its eloquent descriptions of "non-ordinary reality," it proved particularly popular with American youth disillusioned with the Vietnam War. A series of books followed, including A…

teacup dog, unofficial name for any of several breeds of dogs that are bred to be less than 4 to 6 pounds (1.8–2.7 kg), often through pairing the smallest members of a litter. Such dogs are typically one of six breeds: Maltese, Chihuahua, Poodle, Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier, or Shih Tzu. Teacup

Jack Teagarden: Jack’s brother, Charlie Teagarden, played trumpet off and on in Jack’s bands and did freelance work for several well-known bandleaders, including Paul Whiteman, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, and Bob Crosby.

Jack Teagarden was an American jazz trombonist, unique because he developed a widely imitated style that appeared to have arrived fully formed. Beginning on trombone at age seven, Teagarden was entirely self-taught. After drifting across the Southwest, he eventually arrived in New York City in 1927

Jack Teagarden was an American jazz trombonist, unique because he developed a widely imitated style that appeared to have arrived fully formed. Beginning on trombone at age seven, Teagarden was entirely self-taught. After drifting across the Southwest, he eventually arrived in New York City in 1927

Walter Dorwin Teague was an industrial designer who pioneered in the establishment of industrial design as a profession in the United States. After study at the Art Students League of New York (1903–07) and four years with an advertising agency, Teague became a successful free-lance advertising

Sen Rikyū: …of procedure, the utensils, the teahouse architecture (of which he designed several styles), and even the tea-garden landscaping. He returned to the utter simplicity practiced by Shukō, a 15th-century monk who founded the Japanese tea ceremony. He firmly established the concepts of wabi (deliberate simplicity in daily living) and sabi…

Teahouse of the August Moon, comedy in three acts by American playwright John Patrick, produced in 1953. Patrick satirized American good intentions in this lighthearted examination of an attempt by the military forces to Americanize a foreign culture. It was his best-known play and was based on a

Daniel Mann: The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956) was an acclaimed adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play by John Patrick, who also wrote the screenplay. The film, which offered a comedic look at clashing cultures, starred Marlon Brando as the resourceful Japanese translator Sakini, who works…

teak, (genus Tectona grandis), large deciduous tree of the family Verbenaceae, or its wood, one of the most valuable timbers. Teak has been widely used in India for more than 2,000 years. The name teak is from the Malayalam word tēkka. The tree has a straight but often buttressed stem (i.e.,

Air New Zealand Limited, New Zealand international airline founded in 1939 (as Tasman Empire Airways Limited, or TEAL) and, by 1980, operating throughout the South Pacific from New Zealand and Australia to Hong Kong and Singapore and to Tahiti, Hawaii, and Los Angeles. The original shareholders in

teal, any of about 32 small ducks of the genus Anas (family Anatidae), found on the six major continents and many islands. Within the divisions of true duck species, the teal belong in the dabbling duck group. Many of the teal are popular as game birds, the best known being the Holarctic

team handball, game played between two teams of 7 or 11 players who try to throw or hit an inflated ball into a goal at either end of a rectangular playing area while preventing their opponents from doing so. It is unrelated to the two- or four-player games (see handball and fives), in which a

Doris Kearns Goodwin: …and in 2005 she published Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, which focused on Lincoln’s management of his presidential cabinet. The book served as the primary source for Steven Spielberg’s biographical film Lincoln (2012). She later wrote The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the…

police: Community policing: Team policing was introduced in the early 1970s in New York City. Patterned after earlier efforts in Britain, the approach emphasized the delivery of round-the-clock decentralized patrol services by a team of officers, usually under the direction of a sergeant or lieutenant, in a specific…

team roping, timed rodeo event in which two mounted contestants attempt to rope and immobilize a full-grown steer. The ropers wait on both sides of the steer’s chute. The first roper (header) begins behind a rope barrier to give the steer a head start. If the header leaves too soon (“breaks the

Austria: Austria in the European Union: Called Team Stronach, the party promoted an antiestablishment, pro-business agenda that favoured lower corporate taxes and disengagement from the weaker euro-zone economies. The Freedom Party suffered a series of reverses in regional elections in 2013, and it was unable to capitalize on a collapse in support…

team teaching, approach to teaching dating from the late 1950s in which two or more teachers regularly share responsibility for the same group of students. It is usually practiced in elementary or secondary schools. There are two basic systems: hierarchic and cooperative. In the hierarchic system,

Teamsters Union, the largest private-sector labour union in the United States, representing truck drivers and workers in related industries (such as aviation). The union was formed in 1903 when the Team Drivers International Union (1899) merged with the Teamsters National Union (1902). Local

Sagittarius: …the prominent asterism called the Teapot.

Teapot Dome Scandal, in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. After U.S. Pres. Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department

human eye: Secretion of tears: The exposed surface of the globe (eyeball) is kept moist by the tears secreted by the lacrimal apparatus, together with the mucous and oily secretions of the other secretory organs and cells of the lids and conjunctiva; these have been described earlier. The secretion…

tear duct and glands, structures that produce and distribute the watery component of the tear film. Tears consist of a complex and usually clear fluid that is diffused between the eye and the eyelid. Further components of the tear film include an inner mucous layer produced by specialized

tear gas, any of a group of substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, causing a stinging sensation and tears. They may also irritate the upper respiratory tract, causing coughing, choking, and general debility. Tear gas was first used in World War I in chemical warfare, but since

eye disease: Inflammatory conditions of the orbit: The lacrimal glands, the small glands that secrete the watery component of tears and are located behind the outer part of each upper lid, are rarely inflamed but may become so as a complication of viral infection, such as in mumps or mononucleosis (caused by Epstein-Barr…

Carol Ann Duffy: …picture books Underwater Farmyard (2002), The Tear Thief (2007), The Princess’s Blankets (2009), and Dorothy Wordsworth’s Christmas Birthday (2014), as well as the poetry collection The Hat (2007). She continued to produce verse for adults as well, notably issuing the collections Love Poems (2010), The Bees (2011), and Sincerity (2018),

Jill Bennett: …love affair with 60-year-old actor Sir Godfrey Tearle; in her book Godfrey: A Special Time Remembered (1983) she described their four years together as the happiest of her life. Their relationship inspired the play Time Present by John Osborne (1968), in which Bennett won the Variety Club and Evening Standard…

Eric Clapton: …featured the chart hit “Tears in Heaven,” written after the death of his son—and From the Cradle (1994). At the 1993 Grammy Awards ceremony, “Tears in Heaven” won for both song and record of the year, and Unplugged was named album of the year. Clapton also explored his musical…

Stevie Wonder: …cowritten, with Smokey Robinson, “The Tears of a Clown.”)