Te riri pakeha

"Te riri pakeha" translates to "the anger of the pakeha" (white people) and refers to the historical conflict and tension between Māori and European settlers in New Zealand. This conflict primarily stemmed from differing interpretations and the subsequent breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840.

The treaty, intended to establish British sovereignty while protecting Māori rights and possessions, had two versions: one in English and one in Māori. These versions differed significantly, particularly regarding the extent of British authority and the rights of Māori to their lands. The English version claimed full sovereignty, while the Māori version suggested a more limited authority, with Māori retaining significant control over their lands and resources.

Disputes over land ownership and sales, coupled with the rapid influx of European settlers, led to escalating tensions and eventually the New Zealand Wars in the mid-19th century. These conflicts resulted in significant land loss for Māori and a lasting legacy of grievance and mistrust. The ongoing debate and reconciliation efforts surrounding the Treaty of Waitangi continue to shape New Zealand's history and identity.