Roanne, town, Loire département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, east-central France, on the Loire River. The town is located 40 miles (64 km) west-northwest of Lyon. Founded in the Romano-Gallic age, it was originally called Rodumna. The 11th-century castle-donjon is the only surviving remnant of its

Roanoke, city, administratively independent of, but located in, Roanoke county, southwestern Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Roanoke River, at the southern end of the Shenandoah Valley, between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny mountains, 148 miles (238 km) west of Richmond. Settled in 1740, it developed

Manchester University, private coeducational institution of higher learning in North Manchester, Indiana, U.S. It is a university of liberal arts and sciences that grants baccalaureate degrees in more than 40 areas of study, as well as several associate of arts degrees and master’s degrees. The

Roanoke College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Salem, Virginia, U.S. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and is also a member of Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Roanoke College offers bachelor’s degree programs in such areas as business

Roanoke Island, island in Dare county, off the coast of North Carolina, U.S. It lies south of Albemarle Sound, between the Outer Banks and the mainland. The island, 12 miles (19 km) long and an average of 3 miles (5 km) wide, was the site of the first attempted English settlement in North America

Lost Colony, early English settlement on Roanoke Island (now in North Carolina, U.S.) that mysteriously disappeared between 1587, when the colony was founded, and the return of the expedition’s leader in 1590. In hopes of securing permanent trading posts for England, Walter Raleigh had initiated

Roanoke River, river rising in the Appalachian Valley in Montgomery County, southwestern Virginia, U.S., and flowing in a southeasterly direction for 380 mi (612 km) into Albemarle Sound, on the Atlantic coast of North Carolina. It drains an area of 9,580 sq mi (24,810 sq km). Just north of the

Why Do Lions Roar?: Their distinctive roar is generally delivered in the evening before a night’s hunting and again before getting up at dawn.

John Cage: …music of Erik Satie; and Roaratorio (1979), an electronic composition utilizing thousands of words found in James Joyce’s novel Finnegans Wake.

Why Do Lions Roar?: Their distinctive roar is generally delivered in the evening before a night’s hunting and again before getting up at dawn.

feline: The so-called “big cats” (genus Panthera), especially the lion, often roar, growl, or shriek. Usually, however, cats are silent. Many cats use “clawing trees,” upon which they leave the marks of their claws as they stand and drag their front feet downward with the claws extended. Whether such behaviour is…

roaring forties, areas between latitudes 40° and 50° south in the Southern Hemisphere, where the prevailing winds blow persistently from the west. The roaring forties have strong, often gale-force, winds throughout the year. They were named by the sailors who first entered these

Thomas Middleton: The Roaring Girl (1604–10?, with Dekker; published 1611) depicts events in the life of the notorious criminal Moll Frith (Moll Cutpurse), who dressed as a man and preferred her freedom to marriage. A Chaste Maid in Cheapside (1613?, published 1630) is an exuberant comedy that…

Thomas Middleton: The Roaring Girl (1604–10?, with Dekker; published 1611) depicts events in the life of the notorious criminal Moll Frith (Moll Cutpurse), who dressed as a man and preferred her freedom to marriage. A Chaste Maid in Cheapside (1613?, published 1630) is an exuberant comedy that…

The Roaring Twenties is a colloquial term for the 1920s, especially within the United States and other Western countries where the decade was characterized by economic prosperity, rapid social and cultural change, and a mood of exuberant optimism. The liveliness of the period stands in marked

The Roaring Twenties, American crime drama film, released in 1939, that was one of the most popular of the many gangster films produced by Warner Brothers. It featured the final screen pairing of actors James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart. The Roaring Twenties follows three army buddies—Eddie Bartlett

Helen Wills was an outstanding American tennis player who was the top female competitor in the world for eight years (1927–33 and 1935). Wills began playing tennis when she was 13 and won her first major title, the U.S. girls’ championship, in 1921. She repeated as national girls’ champion in 1922

Howard Roark, fictional character, the architect hero of The Fountainhead (1943), the first best-selling novel by Ayn

Dean Martin: …a series of celebrity “roasts.” He continued to host celebrity roasts occasionally through 1984. Although Martin often seemed to be intoxicated during his television and nightclub performances—an impression aided by his easygoing manner, ever-present glass, and slurred singing style—he and his friends insisted it was part of his act.

poultry processing: Classification of birds: …are 14 weeks old as roasters.

history of Europe: Control over resources: …mining techniques and needed initial roasting before smelting. At the same time, they were more widely available than surface deposits, and there were sources in both central and western Europe—ores in Germany, Austria, and the Czech and Slovak Republics were exploited from the early 3rd millennium bce. This long initial…

roasting, cooking, primarily of meats but also of corn ears, potatoes, or other vegetables thus prepared, by exposure to dry radiant heat either over an open fire, within a reflecting-surface oven, or in some cases within surrounding hot embers, sand, or stones. The procedure is comparable to the

history of Europe: Control over resources: …mining techniques and needed initial roasting before smelting. At the same time, they were more widely available than surface deposits, and there were sources in both central and western Europe—ores in Germany, Austria, and the Czech and Slovak Republics were exploited from the early 3rd millennium bce. This long initial…

Cambodia, country in mainland Southeast Asia. Cambodia is largely a land of plains and great rivers and lies amid important overland and river trade routes linking China to India and Southeast Asia. The influences of many Asian cultures, alongside those of France and the United States, can be seen

Roatán, town, northern Honduras, on the southwestern coast of Roatán, largest of the Bay Islands; it is known locally as Coxen’s Hole. Remains of 17th-century pirates’ fortifications can still be seen; it was from Roatán that the filibuster William Walker set sail on his third and last voyage from

Rob Roy was a noted Highland outlaw whose reputation as a Scottish Robin Hood was exaggerated in Sir Walter Scott’s novel Rob Roy (1818) and in some passages in the poems of William Wordsworth. He frequently signed himself Rob Roy (“Red Rob”), in reference to his dark red hair. Rob’s father, Donald

John Hurt: …in an Irish village, and Rob Roy (1995), about the Scottish outlaw. On television he appeared as the title character in the children’s series The Storyteller (1987–88).

robāʿī, in Persian literature, genre of poetry consisting of a quatrain with the rhyme scheme aaba. Together with the mas̄navī (rhymed couplet), it is a purely Persian poetic genre and not a borrowing from the Arabic, as were the formal ode (qaṣīdah) and the love lyric (ghazal). It was adopted and

Georgian literature: The 20th century: …were the dramatist and novelist Grigol Robakidze and the poet Galaktion Tabidze. Robakidze developed the themes of Vazha-Pshavela’s “The Snake-Eater” in The Snake Skin, a tale of a poet’s search for his real identity. Robakidze also led a group known as the Tsisperqnatslebi (“Blue Horns”); its best poet was Titsian…

snook, any of about eight species of marine fishes constituting the genus Centropomus and the family Centropomidae (order Perciformes). Snooks are long, silvery, pikelike fishes with two dorsal fins, a long head, and a rather large mouth with a projecting lower jaw. Tropical fishes, they are found

Jason Robards was an American stage and film actor who was known for his intense, introspective performances and who was widely regarded as the foremost interpreter of the works of playwright Eugene O’Neill. Because of the bitterness and disillusionment expressed by his father, onetime stage and

Jason Robards was an American stage and film actor who was known for his intense, introspective performances and who was widely regarded as the foremost interpreter of the works of playwright Eugene O’Neill. Because of the bitterness and disillusionment expressed by his father, onetime stage and

robāʿī, in Persian literature, genre of poetry consisting of a quatrain with the rhyme scheme aaba. Together with the mas̄navī (rhymed couplet), it is a purely Persian poetic genre and not a borrowing from the Arabic, as were the formal ode (qaṣīdah) and the love lyric (ghazal). It was adopted and

Islamic arts: Robāʿiyyāt: Omar Khayyam: The work done in mathematics by early Arabic scholars and by al-Bīrūnī was continued by Omar Khayyam (died 1131), to whom the Seljuq empire in fact owes the reform of its calendar. But Omar has become famous in the West through the…

May 24, 2022, began as a day of celebration at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas. Students and parents had gathered at the school that morning for an awards ceremony and end-of-school-year celebration. Hours after certificates were awarded and photographs taken, a teenager armed with an

Alain Robbe-Grillet was a representative writer and leading theoretician of the nouveau roman (“new novel”), the French “anti-novel” that emerged in the 1950s. He was also a screenwriter and film director. Robbe-Grillet was trained as a statistician and agronomist. He claimed to write novels for

Robben Island, island in Table Bay, Western Cape province, South Africa. It is 5 miles (8 km) west of the mainland and 6 miles (10 km) north of Cape Town and has an approximate area of 5 square miles (13 square km). Its name is the Dutch word for “seals,” once plentiful in the surrounding waters.

Robben Island, island in Table Bay, Western Cape province, South Africa. It is 5 miles (8 km) west of the mainland and 6 miles (10 km) north of Cape Town and has an approximate area of 5 square miles (13 square km). Its name is the Dutch word for “seals,” once plentiful in the surrounding waters.

Leonhard Frank: …first book, Die Räuberbande (1914; The Robber Band). The story of rebellious young boys who seek to create the ideal society but end up as “good citizens,” it embodies the main theme of his writings—the humorous exposure and realistic portrayal of the narrowness of the middle classes. While in Switzerland…

robber baron, pejorative term for one of the powerful 19th-century American industrialists and financiers who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through the formation of trusts, engaging in unethical business practices, exploiting workers, and paying little heed to their customers or

Margaret Atwood: Novels: Oracle (1976); Cat’s Eye (1988); The Robber Bride (1993; television film 2007); and Alias Grace (1996), a fictionalized account of a real-life Canadian girl who was convicted of two murders in a sensationalist 1843 trial. A TV miniseries based on the latter work aired in 2017, written by Atwood and…

Aleksandr Pushkin: Exile in the south: …the Caucasus), Bratya razboyniki (1821–22; The Robber Brothers), and Bakhchisaraysky fontan (1823; The Fountain of Bakhchisaray).

coconut crab, (Birgus latro), large nocturnal land crab of the southwest Pacific and Indian oceans. It is closely related to the hermit crab and king crab. All are decapod crustaceans (order Decapoda, class Crustacea). Adult coconut crabs are about 1 metre (40 inches) from leg tip to leg tip and

robber fly, (family Asilidae), any of about 6,750 species of predatory insects, worldwide in distribution, in the fly order, Diptera. Robber flies range in length to almost 8 cm (3 inches), making them the largest of all flies. Most are dull in colour, and their stout, often hairy, bodies resemble

Leptodactylidae: …of the genus Eleutherodactylus, or robber frogs. The young of this genus hatch as small frogs, rather than as tadpoles. The greenhouse frog (E. planirostis), a small brown frog commonly found in gardens, is a Cuban frog introduced into the southern United States. Many species have a very restricted distribution,…

First Council of Ephesus, (190), Christian council held in Asia Minor by the early church in an attempt to establish the date of Easter. Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus, convened the synod to establish the 14th of Nisan (the date of the Jewish Passover) as the official date of Easter (see Jewish

Ellensburg, city, seat (1883) of Kittitas county, central Washington, U.S., on the Yakima River, 28 miles (45 km) north of Yakima. The first white man settled there in 1867, and three years later the valley’s first trading post, called Robbers Roost, was opened. The community bore that name until

Belgian literature: After World War II: …works of Willy Roggeman and Daniel Robberechts). The latter gained posthumous recognition for his uncompromising break with the narrative tradition. Michiels embarked on a multivolume project that systematically explores different themes by manipulating corresponding modes of writing and symbolic figures. Nevertheless, the tradition proved to be fertile—e.g., in the satiric…

Wild Bunch: …of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah; Robbers’ Roost, a region of nearly impenetrable rugged canyons in east-central Utah; and the Wilson W.S. Ranch, near Alma, New Mexico. Each area had cabins and corrals, and rustled horses and cattle could be grazed at Hole in the Wall and Brown’s Hole.

The Robbers, drama in five acts by Friedrich Schiller, published in 1781 and produced in 1782 as Die Räuber. Set in 16th-century Germany, The Robbers concerns the rivalry between the brothers Karl and Franz, both of whom operate outside conventional morality. A protest against official corruption,

robbery, in criminal law, an aggravated form of theft that involves violence or the threat of violence against a victim in his presence. Many criminologists have long regarded statistics on robbery to be one of the most accurate gauges of the overall crime

Australian literature: The century after settlement: Boldrewood’s Robbery Under Arms (1888) was immensely popular, and it too achieved classic status. Of particular interest is the Australian vernacular in which the narrator, Dick Marston, presents his confession of his part in gang activity. Boldrewood also articulates the sentimental, stoic resignation that colonial Australians…

Andrea della Robbia was a Florentine sculptor who assumed control of the family workshop after his uncle’s death in 1482. Like Luca, Andrea della Robbia was apparently trained as a marble sculptor. His best-known works are 10 roundels of foundlings in swaddling clothes on the facade of Filippo

Giovanni della Robbia was a Florentine sculptor, son of Andrea della Robbia and grandnephew of Luca della Robbia who, upon the death of his father in 1525, assumed control of the family workshop. Giovanni’s early works, of which the most remarkable are a lavabo in the sacristy of Santa Maria

Giovanni della Robbia: Giovanni’s younger brother, Girolamo (1488–1566), was trained in Andrea’s studio and collaborated with his father and brother until he moved to France (c. 1527–28), where he was employed on the terra-cotta decoration of the demolished Château de Madrid. After the death of Francis I (1547), Girolamo returned to…

Luca della Robbia was a sculptor, one of the pioneers of Florentine Renaissance style, who was the founder of a family studio primarily associated with the production of works in enameled terra-cotta. Before developing the process with which his family name came to be associated, Luca apparently

Margot Robbie is an Australian actress who is known for her scene-stealing magnetism and the depth of her performances in a variety of roles. After starting her screen career in Australia, her meteoric rise as a movie star began with a memorable role in The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) and

Margot Robbie is an Australian actress who is known for her scene-stealing magnetism and the depth of her performances in a variety of roles. After starting her screen career in Australia, her meteoric rise as a movie star began with a memorable role in The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) and

Nancy Reagan was an American first lady (1981–89)—the wife of Ronald Reagan, 40th president of the United States—and actress, noted for her efforts to discourage drug use by American youths. Christened Anne Frances, she was quickly nicknamed Nancy by her mother and used that name throughout her

Tony Robbins is an American motivational speaker and “life coach” who created a multifaceted business empire by preaching a gospel of self-improvement. Robbins was born Anthony J. Mahavorick to a working-class family. In childhood he adopted the surname of a stepfather. During his youth he

Frederick Chapman Robbins was an American pediatrician and virologist who received (with John Enders and Thomas Weller) the 1954 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for successfully cultivating poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. This accomplishment made possible the production of polio

Harold Robbins was an American author credited with popularizing a prurient style of mass-market fiction that traded on the public appetite for tales of profligate Hollywood stars and glamorous criminals. Robbins was known to have fabricated numerous episodes that were repeated by journalists and

Jerome Robbins was one of the most popular and imaginative American choreographers of the 20th century. Robbins was first known for his skillful use of contemporary American themes in ballets and Broadway and Hollywood musicals. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the

Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins was an economist and leading figure in British higher education. Robbins was educated at the University of London and the London School of Economics (LSE). After periods of teaching at New College, Oxford, and LSE, he was appointed professor of economics at the

An American singer, songwriter, music publisher, and NASCAR driver, Marty Robbins was one of the most popular country music performers in the 1950s through the early 1980s. Martin David Robinson was born on September 26, 1925, in a shack in the desert outside Glendale, Arizona, then an agricultural

A Boy Named Charlie Brown: …marked the final time that Peter Robbins, the original voice of Charlie Brown, voiced the character. The continuing popularity of Charlie Brown and his friends and of their annual holiday TV special, A Charlie Brown Christmas (1965), in particular, proves the enduring nature of Schulz’s characters.

Tom Robbins was an American novelist noted for his eccentric characters, playful optimism, and self-conscious wordplay. He was often described as a voice of the 1960s counterculture, although he once told National Public Radio, “I wouldn’t have missed the ’60s for a billion dollars, but neither I

Tim Robbins is an American actor and director known for his versatility and for his outspoken liberal political views. Robbins, whose father was a folk musician, grew up in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. As a teenager, he performed with the then-new Theatre for the New City.

Tim Robbins is an American actor and director known for his versatility and for his outspoken liberal political views. Robbins, whose father was a folk musician, grew up in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. As a teenager, he performed with the then-new Theatre for the New City.

Tom Robbins was an American novelist noted for his eccentric characters, playful optimism, and self-conscious wordplay. He was often described as a voice of the 1960s counterculture, although he once told National Public Radio, “I wouldn’t have missed the ’60s for a billion dollars, but neither I

Tony Robbins is an American motivational speaker and “life coach” who created a multifaceted business empire by preaching a gospel of self-improvement. Robbins was born Anthony J. Mahavorick to a working-class family. In childhood he adopted the surname of a stepfather. During his youth he

bird: Importance to man: Feather robes were made by Polynesians and Eskimos; and down quilts, mattresses, and pillows are part of traditional European folk culture. Large feathers have often been used in fans, thereby providing an example of an object put to opposite uses—for cooling as well as for conserving…

coronation of British monarchs: Procession from Westminster Abbey: The monarch now wears the Imperial State Robe (also called the Robe of Estate) of purple velvet and the Imperial State Crown. He or she also holds the Sovereign’s Sceptre with Cross and the Sovereign’s Orb. Once again the sovereign is transported via the Gold State Coach in another state…

Henry Koster: The 1950s: …1953 Koster directed the groundbreaking The Robe, the first feature film made in CinemaScope. The biblical epic starred Burton as the Roman tribune who presides over the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The film was a blockbuster hit and received an Oscar nomination for best picture. But Koster’s next costume drama,…

Luigi Robecchi-Bricchetti was an Italian explorer, the first European to cross the Somali peninsula (the Horn of East Africa). On his first African expedition he reached the oasis of Siwa (in western Egypt) in 1886, where he found a vast necropolis from which he collected skulls for European

Japanese art: Sculpture: …the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force in the construction of Tōdai. At present a curious mélange of 16 sculptural works is found on the altar platform in the temple. A hollow-core lacquer sculpture of the Fukūkenjaku Kannon functions as…

Robert Henryson: …mood and style; a pastourelle, Robene and Makyne, in which a traditional French genre assimilates the speech and humour of the Scottish peasantry; and a number of fine moral narratives and meditations.

Binghamton: The city’s Roberson Center is a museum complex (arts, science, and history) and includes a planetarium and civic theatre. Binghamton is the home of two operating wood-carved carousels from the 1920s. Inc. village, 1834; city, 1867. Pop. (2000) 47,380; Binghamton Metro Area, 252,320; (2010) 47,376; Binghamton Metro…

Robert was an Angevin prince and Guelf (papal party) leader who ruled Naples as king for 34 years (1309–43). Robert’s early years were clouded by the War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282–88), in which his father, Charles II of Anjou, was taken prisoner by the Aragonese. By the terms of the treaty

Robert was the Latin emperor of Constantinople from 1221 to 1228. He was so ineffective that the Latin Empire (consolidated by his uncle, Henry of Flanders) was largely dissolved at the end of his reign. Robert was a younger son of Peter of Courtenay (died early 1219?) and Yolande of Flanders and

Robert was a Norman adventurer who settled in Apulia, in southern Italy, about 1047 and became duke of Apulia (1059). He eventually extended Norman rule over Naples, Calabria, and Sicily and laid the foundations of the kingdom of Sicily. Robert was born into a family of knights. Arriving in Apulia,

Robert Runcie was the archbishop of Canterbury and titular head of the Anglican Communion from 1980 to 1991. Runcie attended a Scottish local council school and Merchant Taylors’ School in Crosby before entering Brasenose College, Oxford. His education was interrupted after one year by the outbreak

Grand Valley State University: …Energy Center (MAREC) and the Robert B. Annis Water Resources Institute (AWRI), both in Muskegon, also operate under the aegis of the university. MAREC is dedicated to the research and development of alternative energy technologies, while AWRI studies freshwater resources and their preservation.

Las Vegas: Municipal services and health: The massive Southern Nevada (now Robert B. Griffith) Water Project, funded jointly by the federal and state governments and built between 1968 and the early 1980s (with subsequent expansion), is a complex of distribution and treatment facilities that draws from Lake Mead and now supplies the bulk of regional water…

Delta: Robert Bank, a superport built for the bulk handling of coal and completed in 1970, occupies a 55-acre (22-hectare) man-made island in the Strait of Georgia off the suburb’s western shore. Delta has several fine beaches and ferry service to Vancouver Island. Inc. 1879. Pop.…

Bosch GmbH, German company that is Europe’s largest auto-parts brand manufacturer and one of the world’s leading makers of auto ignition, fuel injection, and antilock braking systems. The company also produces industrial hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, telecommunications equipment and systems,

United Kingdom: Edward’s wars: …being John de Balliol and Robert de Bruce, both descendants of David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William I the Lion. Balliol was the grandson of David’s eldest daughter, and Bruce was the son of his second daughter. A court of 104 auditors, of whom 40 were chosen by…

radio telescope: Filled-aperture telescopes: …in the world is the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) located in Green Bank, West Virginia. This 110-by-100-metre (360-by-330-foot) off-axis radio telescope was completed in 2000 and operates at wavelengths as short as a few millimetres. The moving structure, which weighs 7.3 million kg (16 million pounds), points…

Robin Maugham was an English novelist, playwright, and travel writer, who achieved some fame and no little notoriety with his first novel, The Servant (1948). The only son of the 1st Viscount, Lord Chancellor Herbert Romer Maugham (whom he succeeded in 1958), Robin Maugham was educated at Eton and

Bulgaria: Spread of education: Many of the students at Robert College (founded 1861) in Istanbul, Turkey, were young Bulgarians who, after the liberation from Ottoman rule in 1878, took important political and economic positions in Bulgaria. Additionally, a considerable number of young Bulgarians were sent by their families or by sponsors to study in…

Robert II was the duke of Normandy (1087–1106), a weak-willed and incompetent ruler whose poor record as an administrator of his domain was partly redeemed by his contribution to the First Crusade (1096–99). The eldest son of William I the Conqueror, Robert was recognized in boyhood as his father’s

Robert II was the duke of Normandy (1087–1106), a weak-willed and incompetent ruler whose poor record as an administrator of his domain was partly redeemed by his contribution to the First Crusade (1096–99). The eldest son of William I the Conqueror, Robert was recognized in boyhood as his father’s

Oxford: Robert d’Oilly was appointed the first Norman governor of Oxford and was responsible for building Oxford Castle, of which all that remains is the motte (mound) and the tower of the Church of St. George in the castle. The site today is occupied by the…

Robert de Boron was a French poet, originally from the village of Boron, near Delle. He was important for his trilogy of poems (Joseph d’Arimathie, Merlin, Perceval). It told the early history of the Grail and linked this independent legend more firmly with Arthurian legend, using the prophetic

United Kingdom: Edward’s wars: …being John de Balliol and Robert de Bruce, both descendants of David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon, brother of William I the Lion. Balliol was the grandson of David’s eldest daughter, and Bruce was the son of his second daughter. A court of 104 auditors, of whom 40 were chosen by…

Clement (VII) was the first antipope (1378–94) of the Western (Great) Schism that troubled the Roman Catholic church for 40 years. After serving as bishop of Thérouanne, county of Artois, from 1361, he became archbishop of Cambrai, in the Low Countries, in 1368 and cardinal in 1371. As papal legate

Amiens Cathedral: …the direction of the architect Robert de Luzarches. The nave and western facade were completed by 1236, and most of the main construction was finished about 1270. Many later additions took place, including the installation of the grand organ in 1549 and the erection of a 367-foot (112-metre) spire during…

Robert De Torigni was a Norman chronicler whose records are an important source both for Anglo-French history and the intellectual renaissance in the 12th century. Robert was born to a family apparently of high rank. In 1128 he joined the monastery at Bec, where he was ordained deacon (1131) and

Feast of Corpus Christi: …Christi originated in 1246 when Robert de Torote, bishop of Liège, ordered the festival celebrated in his diocese. He was persuaded to initiate the feast by St. Juliana, prioress of Mont Cornillon near Liège (1222–58), who had experienced a vision. It did not spread until 1261, when Jacques Pantaléon, formerly…

Michael Rumaker: …nonfiction works included the memoirs Robert Duncan in San Francisco (1996)—which details the city’s gay community in the 1950s and his relationship with various Beat writers, especially Duncan—and Black Mountain Days (2003). He also wrote poetry.