Red Volta River, river in West Africa, rising in Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) northwest of Ouagadougou. It flows about 200 mi (320 km) south-southeast to join the White Volta (Volta Blanche) near the Gambaga scarp in the Upper Region of Ghana. The combined rivers then turn southwestward as

red tide, discoloration of sea water usually caused by dinoflagellates, during periodic blooms (or population increases). Toxic substances released by these organisms into the water may be lethal to fish and other marine life. Red tides occur worldwide in warm seas. Up to 50 million cells per litre

Italy: Conduct of the war: In June, “Red Week,” a period of widespread rioting throughout the Romagna and the Marche, came in response to the killing of three antimilitarist demonstrators at Ancona. When World War I broke out in August, the Salandra government stayed neutral and began to negotiate with both sides—a…

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn: …part of a projected series, Krasnoe koleso (The Red Wheel); other volumes (or uzly [“knots”]) in the series were Oktyabr 1916 (“October 1916”), Mart 1917 (“March 1917”), and Aprel 1917 (“April 1917”).

William Carlos Williams: His signature poems include “The Red Wheelbarrow” and “This Is Just to Say.”

Roquefort: Dry red wine is considered an ideal accompaniment.

Aerial Experiment Association: …first of those aircraft, named Red Wing because of the colour of the silk covering its wings, 319 feet (97 metres) over the frozen surface of Lake Keuka, near Hammondsport, on March 12, 1908. Taking turns, the four younger members of the AEA (i.e., excluding the Bells) made a total…

Red Wing, city, seat (1853) of Goodhue county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River (bridged to Wisconsin), near Lake Pepin, about 45 miles (70 km) southeast of St. Paul. In 1805 the explorer Zebulon Pike arrived at the site, which was overlooked by Barn Bluff and was then

wolf: Other wolves: The red wolf is tawny, reddish, or black. It grows to a length of about 105–125 cm (41–49 inches), excluding the tail, which is 33–43 cm (13–17 inches) long, and weighs about 20–37 kg (44–82 pounds). It was once considered a distinct species of wolf, but…

Edward Hoagland: Travel and autobiographical writings: …from the Vermont Wilderness (1974), Red Wolves and Black Bears (1976), The Edward Hoagland Reader (1979), Balancing Acts (1992), Tigers & Ice (1999), and Hoagland on Nature (2003).

John Farrow: Films of the 1940s: …the decade with the comedy Red, Hot and Blue (1949), starring Betty Hutton as an aspiring actress and Victor Mature as a gangster.

Cole Porter: Divorcée (1932), Anything Goes (1934), Red, Hot and Blue (1934), Jubilee (1935), Dubarry Was a Lady (1939), Panama Hattie (1940), Kiss Me, Kate (1948, based on William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew), Can-Can (1953), and Silk Stockings (1955). He concurrently

romantic comedy: Streaming and diversification: … (2020), Fire Island (2022), and Red, White & Royal Blue (2023).

Gunther Schuller: …Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble, whose recording The Red Back Book, consisting of works of Scott Joplin, became a best seller and won a Grammy Award in 1973.

lemming: The wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor) and steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) are the smallest, measuring 8 to 12 cm (3.1 to 4.7 inches) in body length and weighing 20 to 30 grams (0.7 to 1.0 ounce). The other species are larger, weighing 30 to 112 grams, with…

dunlin, (Calidris alpina), one of the most common and sociable birds of the sandpiper group. The dunlin is a member of the family Scolopacidae (order Charadriiformes). It is about 20 cm (8 inches) long and has a bill curved downward at the tip. In breeding season, its plumage is brightly coloured,

migration: In Europe: Golden orioles (Oriolus oriolus) and red-backed shrikes (Lanius collurio) go to East Africa by way of Greece and Egypt. Swallows—particularly barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) and house martins (Delichon urbica)—and swifts (Apus apus) pass the winter in Africa south of 20° N latitude, particularly in

squirrel monkey: …South America, whereas the endangered Central American squirrel monkeys (S. oerstedii) have black crowns and reddish backs. The common and Central American species both have hair on the ears, unlike the bare-eared squirrel monkey (S. ustus) of central Brazil.

piranha: The most infamous is the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri), with the strongest jaws and sharpest teeth of all. Especially during low water, this species, which can grow up to 50 cm (about 20 inches) in length, hunts in groups that can number more than 100. Several groups can converge in…

woodpecker: …are the habitat of the red-bellied woodpecker (Centurus carolinus).

elderberry: Major species and uses: Red-berried, or American red, elder (S. pubens), with dark pith, is a similar North American species. Danewort, or dwarf, elderberry (S. ebulus), widespread in Eurasia and North Africa, is a perennial with annually herbaceous growth to 1 metre (3 feet). Its clusters of black berries…

Leiothrix: argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from the Himalayas to Indochina; L. lutea has been introduced into Hawaii, where it is commonly called hill robin. The silver-ear has yellow, gray, red,…

oxpecker: africanus) and the red-billed (B. erythrorhynchus)—are brown, measure 20 cm (8 inches) long, and have wide bills, stiff tails, and sharp claws. They perch on and cling to cattle, zebras, rhinoceroses, and other ungulates to remove ticks, flies, and maggots from their hides; when alarmed, the

quelea, (Quelea quelea), small brownish bird of Africa, belonging to the songbird family Ploceidae (order Passeriformes). It occurs in such enormous numbers that it often destroys grain crops and, by roosting, breaks branches. Efforts to control quelea populations with poisons, napalm, pathogens,

quelea, (Quelea quelea), small brownish bird of Africa, belonging to the songbird family Ploceidae (order Passeriformes). It occurs in such enormous numbers that it often destroys grain crops and, by roosting, breaks branches. Efforts to control quelea populations with poisons, napalm, pathogens,

anseriform: Anatomy: In some, such as the red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis), the bill is short and slight, used only for grazing; in others, such as the snow goose (Anser caerulescens), it is long and heavy enough to dig for roots and tubers. The massive digging bill reaches maximum development in the magpie…

merganser: The somewhat smaller and ground-nesting red-breasted merganser (M. serrator) has a similar range. In the United States, common and red-breasted mergansers are often called sheldrakes (properly a name for the shelducks).

nuthatch: …in North America are the red-breasted nuthatch (Sitta canadensis), a stubby, grayish, rufous-breasted, 10-gram (0.35-ounce) bird that often boldly approaches humans in northern conifer groves, and the white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis), a grayish, black-capped, white-breasted, 21-gram (0.74-ounce) bird that often frequents feeders, where it relishes sunflower seeds and suet.

stilt: The banded, or red-breasted, stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephala), of Australia, is white with brown wings, reddish breast band, and yellowish legs.

toucan: …common in zoos is the red-breasted (also called green-billed) toucan (R. dicolorus) of Amazonia. Another common zoo resident is the keel-billed toucan (R. sulfuratus), which is about 50 cm (20 inches) long. It is mainly black with lemon yellow on the face, throat, and chest, bright red under the tail,…

wryneck: The red-breasted wryneck (J. ruficollis) is African.

cardinal: For example, the red-capped cardinal (P. gularis), which is named for its conspicuous red head that contrasts with its black throat and wings, is native to a large portion of northern South America. The yellow-billed cardinal (P. capitata), a resident of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, differs mainly in…

mangabey: The white-collared or red-capped mangabey (C. torquatus), the largest species, lives in west-central Africa and is gray with a white “collar” around the neck and a red crown. The white-naped mangabey (C. lunulatus) is restricted to a small region between the Nzo-Sassandra river system in Côte d’Ivoire and…

cordon bleu: …species is the 13-centimetre (5-inch) red-cheeked cordon bleu (U. bengalus), occurring from Senegal and Congo (Kinshasa) to Somalia and Zimbabwe. It is brown and pale blue, with red cheek spot (in the male only) and longish pointed tail. The two other species are the blue-capped cordon bleu (U. cyanocephalus) and…

gibbon: The red-cheeked gibbon (N. gabriellae) lives in southern Vietnam and eastern Cambodia.

cardinal: The red-crested cardinal (P. coronata), also known as the Brazilian cardinal, has a red head, a white belly, and gray wings. Though native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia, it occasionally can be seen visiting the eastern coast of the United States. It was introduced…

pochard: The drake of the red-crested pochard (Netta rufina) has a puffy yellowish red head with fuzzy erectile crown feathers, black throat and breast, and white sides. This is a more southerly species of inland waters. Mahogany-coloured relatives are the pochards of South America and Africa (N. erythrophthalma).

10 Critically Endangered Animals of India: Red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga): Named for its domed, roof-shaped shell when young, the red-crowned roofed turtle is a freshwater reptile inhabiting large swift-flowing rivers with sandy bottoms in the Ganges basin and National Chambal Sanctuary in India. The females of this species are larger,…

vireo: …species of vireo is the red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), which breeds from southern Canada to Argentina. It is 15 cm (6 inches) long, with a black-outlined white eye stripe that contrasts with the bird’s gray crown. Similar in general appearance is the white-eyed vireo (V. griseus). In Bermuda, where it…

red-figure pottery, type of Greek pottery that flourished from the late 6th to the late 4th century bce. During this period most of the more important vases were painted in this style or in the earlier, black-figure style. In the latter, figures were painted in glossy black pigment in silhouette on

booby: The red-footed booby (Sula sula) and the masked, or blue-faced, booby (S. dactylatra) are wide-ranging in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. The blue-footed booby (S. nebouxii) occurs in the Pacific from southern California to northern Peru and on the

gazelle: …the smaller species—Thomson’s gazelle, the red-fronted gazelle, and the Mongalla gazelle—have become the genus Eudorcas. The Gazella genus as traditionally defined includes eight species that occur only in Africa, five that occur only in Asia, and one species that occurs both in Africa and Asia. In the revised classification, Gazella…

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: Red-fruited squashberry (V. edule) inhabits moist woods from Labrador to Alaska, southward into Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Minnesota, and as far west as Colorado and Oregon. Arrowwood (V. dentatum) thrives not only in moist woods but also in swamps. Possumhaw (V. nudum) is largely limited to…

colour blindness: Inherited and acquired colour blindness: Hereditary red-green colour blindness occurs mainly in males and Caucasian persons, with about 8 percent of men and 0.5 percent of women of European ancestry inheriting the conditions. Its predominance in males is due to the fact that red-green colour blindness is a sex-linked recessive characteristic,…

Orhan Pamuk: Works: …novel Kırmızı saçlı kadın (2016; The Red-Haired Woman) centers on the familial relationship that forms between a well digger and his apprentice. Veba gecelerı (2021; Nights of Plague), which Pamuk began writing before the COVID-19 pandemic, is a mystery that takes place in 1900 on an imaginary island between Crete…

vulture: Old World vultures: …(Sarcogyps calvus), often called the Pondicherry vulture or the Indian (black) vulture, is an Old World vulture ranging from Pakistan to Malaysia. It is about 75 cm (30 inches) long and has a wingspan of about 2.7 metres (8.9 feet). It is black with white down on the breast and…

Jack Conway: Heyday of the 1930s: The hit comedy Red-Headed Woman (1932), featuring a provocative pre-Code script by Anita Loos, established Jean Harlow as a star. Conway again worked with the actress on the popular The Girl from Missouri (1934). His success continued with Viva Villa! (1934), starring

woodpecker: The red-headed woodpecker (M. erythrocephalus) is roughly the same size (19–23 cm [7.5–9 inches]) as the acorn woodpecker, but it is sparsely distributed in open woodlands, farmland, and orchards of temperate North America east of the Rocky Mountains.

fiddler crab: pugilator), and the red-jointed fiddler (U. minax). These species, which range in body size from about 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches), occur all along the Atlantic coast of the United States. The males of all species are more brightly coloured than the females. Colours range…

putty: …oxide and linseed oil; and red-lead putty, a mixture of red and white lead and linseed oil. Certain doughlike plastics are also called putty. Putty powder (tin oxide) is used in polishing glass, granite, and metal.

douc: The red-legged douc (P. nemaeus) lives from 14° to 20° N latitude. The legs are maroon below the knees, and the forearms are white. The black-shanked douc (P. nigripes) is found south of 14° N and has black legs, gray arms, and a darker face. The…

checkered beetle: The red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) feeds on stored meats. Some Trichodes and Hydnocera species are pollen eaters. The predatory larvae feed mainly on wood- and bark-boring beetles and are therefore beneficial to man.

kittiwake: …bill and feet, is the red-legged kittiwake (R. brevirostris), which inhabits the region of the Bering Sea.

seriema: …red-legged, or crested, seriema (Cariama cristata), with long legs and neck, stands about 60 cm (2 feet) tall. The beak and legs are red, and the plumage is brownish above and dull white beneath, with bluish skin around the eyes. It inhabits grasslands, but the nest is built in…

red-light district, area in a city where numerous people perform sex acts for money or participate in sexually evocative performances in strip clubs or other adult venues. Red-light districts are also often home to peep shows and shops selling sex toys, pornography, lingerie, and other sex-related

10 Animals With Evolutionary Traits Plucked Straight Out of a Nightmare: Red-Lipped Batfish: Red-lipped batfish (Ogcocephalus darwini) are by no means dangerous, but they are clearly a product of an evolutionary nightmare. This aptly named sea creature is found on ocean floors 3–76 meters deep and is known best for its bright red lips and the…

phalarope: …phalarope in Britain, and the northern phalarope (P. lobatus), called red-necked phalarope in Britain. Both species winter on tropical oceans, where they are known as sea snipe. Wilson’s phalarope (P. tricolor) breeds primarily in interior western North America and migrates chiefly to the Argentine pampas.

wallaby: A common species is the red-necked wallaby (M. rufogriseus), with reddish nape and shoulders, which inhabits brushlands of southeastern Australia and Tasmania; this species is often seen in zoos. The pretty-faced wallaby, or whiptail (M. elegans, or M. parryi), with distinctive cheek marks, is found in open woods of coastal…

acceleration stress: Negative acceleration stress: …condition is known as “red-out.” The mental confusion that develops at high accelerations may lead to unconsciousness.

flicker: …West (to Alaska) by the red-shafted flicker (C. cafer), considered by many authorities to represent the same species as the yellow-shafted because the two forms hybridize frequently. The campos, or pampas, flicker (C. campestris) and the field flicker (C. campestroides)—sometimes considered to be a single species—are common in east-central South…

hawk: The red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), common in eastern and Pacific North America, is a reddish brown bird about 50 cm (20 inches) long, with closely barred underparts.

red-tailed black shark, fish of the carp family, Cyprinidae; a species of labeo

boa constrictor: The red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor constrictor) is a popular exotic pet.

red-tailed hawk, (Buteo jamaicensis), North American bird of prey (family Accipitridae) best known for its wide wingspan, its large size, and the red coloration of the dorsal side of its tail. The species’ geographic range is vast, extending across nearly all of North America south of the Arctic

squirrel: Natural history: Certain species, such as the red-tailed squirrel (S. granatensis) of the American tropics and the African pygmy squirrel, are active from ground to canopy. In the United States, the Eastern fox squirrel (S. niger) runs along the ground from tree to tree, but others, including the Eastern gray squirrel (S.…

tachinid fly: …infested by larvae of the red-tailed tachinids (Winthemia).

tropic bird: …the three species is the red-tailed tropic bird, Phaethon rubricauda (to 50 cm [20 inches], excepting the red streamers), of the Indian and Pacific oceans.

vanga-shrike: The smallest species is the red-tailed vanga-shrike, or tit-shrike (Calicalicus madagascariensis).

loon: …white markings, except in the red-throated loon (Gavia stellata), which during the summer is distinguished by a reddish brown throat patch. In winter the red-throated loon develops white speckling on the back, while the other species lose these markings.

loon: …white markings, except in the red-throated loon (Gavia stellata), which during the summer is distinguished by a reddish brown throat patch. In winter the red-throated loon develops white speckling on the back, while the other species lose these markings.

India: Red-to-yellow soils: Those soils are encountered over extensive nonalluvial tracts of peninsular India and are made up of such acidic rocks as granite, gneiss, and schist. They develop in areas in which rainfall leaches soluble minerals out of the ground and results in a loss…

lapwing: The red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus (sometimes Lobivanellus) indicus, and the yellow-wattled lapwing (V. malabaricus), of southern Asia, have wattles on the face. Others are the gray-headed lapwing (Microsarcops cinereus), of eastern Asia, and the long-toed lapwing (Hemiparra crassirostris), of Africa.

animal social behavior: Social interactions involving sex: Some examples include the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and house wren (Troglodytes aedon) in North America and the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in Europe. In a few polygamous species, however, females mate with and accept care from multiple partners, a phenomenon referred to as polyandry, examples of which…

tinamou: Habitat selection and food habits: In summer the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens), for example, eats mainly animal material—largely insects, but its mouth is large enough to swallow mice. In the stomach of one bird 707 termites were counted. In winter the red-winged tinamou shifts to vegetation. It occasionally becomes a pest in agricultural…

road: The Roman roads: A four-wheeled raeda in its passenger version corresponded to the stagecoaches of a later period and in its cargo version to the freight wagons. Fast freight raedae were drawn by 8 horses in summer and 10 in winter and, by law, could not haul in excess of…

Taryn Simon: …in Brian De Palma’s film Redacted (2007) and that served as the film’s final shot, was exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 2011.

Jenny Holzer: Work from the late 1990s and 2000s: …turned to reportage with the Redaction paintings, a series of silk-screened canvases of enlarged declassified and redacted government documents pertaining to wars past and present. Similar to her original texts, these paintings underscore the impossibility of fixed meaning and the multiple viewpoints always present in her work. With these projects…

redaction criticism, in the study of biblical literature, method of criticism of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament that examines the way the various pieces of the tradition have been assembled into the final literary composition by an author or editor. The arrangement and

redback, (Latrodectus hasselti), species of black widow spider that is native to Australia, the females of which are venomous and distinguished by an orange or red stripe on the back of the abdomen. The body color of males and females typically is brownish or black, and both sexes have a reddish

geologic history of Earth: Formation of the secondary atmosphere: …diagenesis to give rise to red beds (sandstones that are predominantly red in colour due to fully oxidized iron coating individual grains) and that 2.2 billion years passed before a large number of life-forms could evolve. An idea formulated by the American paleontologist Preston Cloud has been widely accepted as…

David Mamet: …Heist (2001), a crime thriller; Redbelt (2008), a latter-day samurai film about the misadventures of a martial arts instructor; and Phil Spector (2013), an HBO docudrama set during the notorious record producer’s first murder trial. Mamet created and wrote The Unit (2006–09), a television drama that centered on the activities…

cardinal, any of various medium-size thick-billed species of songbirds of the New World, many with crested heads. The males all sport at least some bright red plumage. All species are nonmigratory and give clear whistled songs. One of the most popular, widespread, and abundant of the North American

northern cardinal, (Cardinalis cardinalis), common North American songbird species best known for its bright-red plumage, which occurs in the male, and classified in the family Cardinalidae (order Passeriformes). It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including tall brush, vines, urban

devil’s backbone, (Euphorbia tithymaloides), succulent plant of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), native from Florida to Venezuela. The plant is called devil’s backbone for the zigzag form some varieties exhibit as well as shoe flower. It is also called redbird cactus (despite not being a true

coonhound: The redbone, a reddish-brown dog, is generally a strong, determined hunter and is valued for trailing big game as well as raccoons. The bluetick is mottled blue-gray with black and reddish brown markings; it is characterized as a swift, active, and diligent hunter. The Plott hound,…

Donald Glover: Childish Gambino and music career: …album, and the single “Redbone” took home the Grammy for best traditional R&B performance. He debuted “This Is America” during an appearance on Saturday Night Live. The song, which focuses on gun violence and racism, debuted atop the charts in several countries and won four Grammy Awards, including both…

Garry Winogrand: …such as Sports Illustrated, Collier’s, Redbook, Life, and Look, popular publications then in their heyday. In 1955 Winogrand’s work was included in the seminal exhibition The Family of Man, curated by photographer Edward Steichen at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City. By the end of the…

Jo Nesbø: Harry Hole books: Rødstrupe (2000; “Robin”; The Redbreast) details the role of fascism in Norway. In Sorgenfri (2002; “Sorrow-Free”; Nemesis) Hole investigates a bank robbery and is implicated in the death of a former girlfriend. A serial killer is at work in Marekors (2003; “Pentagram”; The Devil’s Star), this time in…

Redbridge, outer borough of London, England, on the northeastern perimeter of the metropolis. It is part of the historic county of Essex. The borough’s name derives from the Red Bridge, which crossed the River Roding until the 1920s; the river itself was used for barge traffic until the mid-20th

redbud, (genus Cercis), any of a genus of 10 species of shrubs to small trees in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to North America, southern Europe, and Asia and widely planted for their showy early spring flowers. Clusters of small purplish pink flowers appear on old stems and branches before the

Redburn, novel by Herman Melville, published in 1849. Redburn, based on a trip Melville took to Liverpool, England, in June 1839, is a hastily written adventure about Wellingborough Redburn, a genteel but impoverished boy from New York City who endures a rough initiation into life as a

Redburn, novel by Herman Melville, published in 1849. Redburn, based on a trip Melville took to Liverpool, England, in June 1839, is a hastily written adventure about Wellingborough Redburn, a genteel but impoverished boy from New York City who endures a rough initiation into life as a

rooibos, (Aspalathus linearis), shrub of the Aspalathus genus and Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) family, native to South Africa. Named for the Afrikaans word for “red bush,” rooibos is cultivated for its leaves, which are used to make a caffeine-free herbal tea that has often been called “the national

Redcar and Cleveland, unitary authority, geographic county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. It lies on the south side of the River Tees between Middlesbrough and the rocky coastline of the North Sea and stretches southeastward along the coast past the highest cliffs of

Redcliffe, former residential and resort city, southeastern Queensland, Australia, on Redcliffe Peninsula, a 15-square-mile (39-square-km) promontory bounded on the south, east, and north by Bramble, Moreton, and Deception bays. Originally called Humpybong, derived from the Aboriginal umpi bong,

ribes: Major species: …and common, or garden or red, currant (R. rubrum).

Milwaukee Bucks: All-Star guard Michael Redd guided the Bucks to three more playoff berths in the following 10 years, but further success eluded the team: Milwaukee posted only three total winning seasons in the first decade of the new millennium. Although the Bucks stumbled into a playoff appearance in…

trap music: Origins in Atlanta: …sound was developed by producer Shawty Redd (byname of Demetrius Stewart) in the late 1990s. While working with Alabama-born rapper Drama on his 2000 album Causin’ Drama, Shawty Redd had the idea to add what he called “booty-shake” hi-hats. (In 2018 he told Complex magazine, “I just wanted something that…

India: The Bahmani sultanate: …the north, Orissa and the Reddi kingdoms of Andhra in the east, and Vijayanagar in the south.

The Wire: Primary cast: …Pierce as William (“Bunk”) Moreland Lance Reddick as Cedric Daniels Sonja Sohn as Shakima (Kima) Greggs Seth Gilliam as Ellis Carver Domenick Lombardozzi as Thomas (“Herc”) Hauk Clarke Peters as Lester Freamon Michael Kenneth Williams as Omar Little Wood Harris as Avon Barksdale J.D. Williams as Preston (“Bodie”) Broadus Andre…