Ho Chi Minh: World War II and the founding of the Vietnamese state: …time he wrote his famed Notebook from Prison (a collection of short poems written in classic Chinese, a mixture of melancholy, stoicism, and a call for revolution). His friends obtained his release by an arrangement with Chiang Fa-k’uei, a warlord in South China, agreeing in return to support Chiang’s interests…

The Notebook of Malte Laurids Brigge, novel in journal form by Rainer Maria Rilke, published in 1910 in German as Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. The book, which is composed of 71 diary-like entries, contains descriptive, reminiscent, and meditative parts. Brigge, its supposed author,

Nicholas Sparks: …spent several months working on The Notebook, his first published novel, which hit The New York Times best-seller list immediately after it reached the public in 1996. By the time the film adaptation was released in 2004, Sparks had published seven more novels, two of which, Message in a Bottle…

Ryan Gosling: Remember the Titans and The Notebook: …performance in the romantic drama The Notebook, which was based on a 1996 novel by Nicholas Sparks. The movie tells the tale of two young people—Noah Calhoun, played by Gosling, and Allie Hamilton, played by Rachel McAdams—who share a whirlwind romance in the 1940s despite the disapproval of Allie’s relationship…

André Gide: Heritage and youth: …Les Cahiers d’André Walter (1891; The Notebooks of André Walter). Written, like most of his later works, in the first person, it uses the confessional form in which Gide was to achieve his greatest successes.

The Notebook of Malte Laurids Brigge, novel in journal form by Rainer Maria Rilke, published in 1910 in German as Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. The book, which is composed of 71 diary-like entries, contains descriptive, reminiscent, and meditative parts. Brigge, its supposed author,

Finland: Finland under Swedish rule: …lasted until 1323, when the Treaty of Pähkinäsaari (Nöteborg; now Petrokrepost) drew the boundary between the Russian and Swedish spheres of influence in a vague line from the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland through the middle of Karelia northwest to the Gulf of Bothnia, and the crusades were…

Shlisselburg, town, Leningrad oblast (region), northwestern European Russia. It is located on the Neva River where it flows out of Lake Ladoga, east of St. Petersburg city. Founded as Oreshek in 1323 by the republic of Novgorod, the town was captured in the early 17th century by the Swedes, who

tiger snake, (genus Notechis), Australian member of the cobra family, Elapidae. The snake’s venom, which contains a blood-clotting agent as well as a nerve paralyzer, is potentially fatal to humans. Before striking, the tiger snake flattens its head and neck, cobra fashion. Tiger snakes occur in

tiger snake: The black tiger snake (N. ater) is mainly limited to arid and rocky regions in South Australia. Tiger snakes eat frogs, birds, and mammals, and all attain adult lengths of 1 to 1.5 metres (3 to 5 feet). They are live-bearers.

tiger snake: The eastern tiger snake (N. scutatus) is the most widely distributed form, occurring from Victoria and New South Wales to portions of South and Western Australia. The black tiger snake (N. ater) is mainly limited to arid and rocky regions in South Australia. Tiger snakes eat…

minnow: The golden shiner, or American roach (Notemigonus cryseleucas), a larger, greenish and golden minnow attaining a length of 30 cm and a weight of 0.7 kg (1.5 pounds), is both edible and valuable as bait.

minnow: The golden shiner, or American roach (Notemigonus cryseleucas), a larger, greenish and golden minnow attaining a length of 30 cm and a weight of 0.7 kg (1.5 pounds), is both edible and valuable as bait.

Coleoptera: Annotated classification: Family Noteridae (burrowing water beetles) Similar to Dytiscidae; small; larvae burrow. Family Rhysodidae (wrinkled bark beetles) Small, slender, brownish beetles; about 350 species, mostly tropical. Sometimes considered a subgroup (tribe Rhysodini) of family Carabidae. Family

Hippolyte Taine: Attack on eclecticism: Frédéric-Thomas Graindorge (1867; Notes and Opinions of Mr. Frédérick-Graindorge), perhaps the most personal and entertaining of his books.

Alfred Corn: Notes from a Child of Paradise (1984), one of Corn’s best-known works, is a long semiautobiographical poem modeled after the Paradiso in Dante’s La divina commedia. Corn’s other verse collections included The Various Light (1980), An Xmas Murder (1987), and The West Door (1988). Autobiographies…

Nelson Algren: …Lost an American? (1963) and Notes from a Sea Diary: Hemingway All the Way (1965). Algren was elected to the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters three months before he died.

Edward Hoagland: Travel and autobiographical writings: Hoagland’s travel books include Notes from the Century Before: A Journal from British Columbia (1969), African Calliope: A Journey to the Sudan (1979; a finalist for a National Book Award in the paperback category), Early in the Season: A British Columbia Journal (2008), and Alaskan Travels: Far-Flung Tales of…

Anna Deavere Smith: Another one-woman play, Notes from the Field (2016), explored the “pipeline” from school to prison for poor students in the United States. It was later adapted into a TV movie (2018), in which Smith also starred in a variety of roles.

Alasdair MacIntyre: Encounter with Marxism: In his early essay “Notes from the Moral Wilderness” (1958–59), he suggested that what was needed was a teleological ethical standpoint—i.e., one according to which adherence to moral norms enables a person to achieve the human good, not by himself but in community with others. These norms are not…

Notes from the Underground, novella by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, first published in Russian as Zapiski iz podpolya in 1864. The work, which includes extremely misanthropic passages, contains the seeds of nearly all of the moral, religious, political, and social concerns that appear in Dostoyevsky’s great

Charles Bukowski: Collections of his stories include Notes of a Dirty Old Man (1969), taken from his underground newspaper column of that name, Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions, and General Tales of Ordinary Madness (1972), and Hot Water Music (1983). His later novels include Post Office (1971), Factotum (1975), and Ham on Rye

African American literature: James Baldwin: …Baldwin collected his essays in Notes of a Native Son, a mix of autobiography and political commentary on race relations in America that identified Baldwin as the new conscience of the nation on racial matters. Subsequent volumes of essays, Nobody Knows My Name (1961) and The Fire Next Time (1963),…

Western painting: The 20th century: …century; it appeared in Matisse’s Notes of a Painter, published in 1908. Matisse, in fact, hardly differentiated expression from decoration; his ideal of art as “something like a good armchair in which to rest” explicitly excluded the distortion and disquiet that earned the style of Kirchner and Die Brücke (“The…

Helmuth von Moltke: Early career: …(published in his Wanderbuch, 1879; Notes of Travel, 1880). Moreover, when the warship bringing Prince Henry’s body back to Germany reached Gibraltar, Moltke left it and made his own way home across Spain, recording his impressions in his “Tagebuchblätter aus Spanien” (also published in the Wanderbuch).

Susan Sontag: …with an essay entitled “Notes on ‘Camp,’ ” in which she discussed the attributes of taste within the gay community. She also wrote on such subjects as theatre and film and such figures as writer Nathalie Sarraute, director Robert Bresson, and painter Francis Bacon. In addition to criticism and…

Philip Glass: …dramas The Hours (2002) and Notes on a Scandal (2006) and the Errol Morris documentaries A Brief History of Time (1991) and The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara (2003).

For some years I have been giving thought to the matter of age and aging. This is partly because of the great recent, current, and prospective increase in the older population—a major change, especially impressive in the United States, to which two key factors have contributed. One is the imminent

Richard Flanagan: Nonfiction works: Notes on an Exodus (2016) is an essay about Syrian refugees, with illustrations by Ben Quilty. Question 7 (2023) is a memoir of Flanagan’s parents and Tasmania that blends elements of fiction and history. In 2024 it won the Baillie Gifford Prize, making Flanagan the…

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: We Should All Be Feminists, Dream Count, and other works: …of her father, Adichie wrote Notes on Grief (2021), in which she mourned his passing and celebrated his life. In 2023 she penned her first book for children, Mama’s Sleeping Scarf, in which she described how an everyday object has the ability to connect with loved ones. The text was…

prosody: The 20th century and beyond: …Otto Jespersen’s early essay “Notes on Metre” (1900) made a number of significant discoveries. He established the principles of English metre on a demonstrably accurate structural basis; he recognized metre as a gestalt phenomenon (i.e., with emphasis on the configurational whole); he saw metrics as descriptive science rather than…

agrarianism: Agrarianism in the 18th and 19th centuries: In Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), the American statesman Thomas Jefferson, who later served as the country’s third president (1801–09), maintained that farming, rather than urban manufacture, would more likely ensure the independence and strength of character necessary for the free citizens of a…

Unanimism: …Romains and Georges Chennevière, and Notes sur la technique poétique (1910; “Notes on Poetic Technique”), by Georges Duhamel and Charles Vildrac, outlined the Unanimist theories of prosody, which resembled those of the American poet Walt Whitman in encouraging the use of strongly accented rhythms and the replacement of symbols and…

Hippolyte Taine: Attack on eclecticism: Frédéric-Thomas Graindorge (1867; Notes and Opinions of Mr. Frédérick-Graindorge), perhaps the most personal and entertaining of his books.

Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, critical treatise by T.S. Eliot that originally appeared as a series of articles in New England Weekly in 1943. It was published in book form in 1948. In the Notes, Eliot presents culture as an organic, shared system of beliefs that cannot be planned or

Liège: Under Notger, its first prince-bishop, it grew in importance as a center of Liège principality and of the Mosan school of art and as a major European intellectual center. After it was granted a communal magistracy (1185) and citizens’ charter (1195), and the guilds were granted…

Sex and the City: Big (Chris Noth) underpins the story line, forming a defining relationship in the series against which all of Carrie’s other affairs are compared.

Martin Noth was a German biblical scholar who specialized in the early history of the Jewish people. In his book Das System der zwölf Stämme Israels (1930; “The Scheme of the Twelve Tribes of Israel”), written when he was just 28, Noth proposed the theory that the unity called Israel did not exist

puffbird: …white-necked, or large-billed, puffbird (Notharchus macrorhynchos), 24 cm (9 inches) long, ranging from Mexico to Argentina.

primate: Eocene: …family Adapidae and the related Notharctidae contain two North American genera, Notharctus and Smilodectes, which are well represented in the fossil deposits of the Bridger Basin, Wyoming, U.S., and Adapis, Europolemur, Anchomomys, and Pronycticebus from Europe. Notharctus and Smilodectes are not thought to be antecedent to living lemurs, though

adapiform: Distribution: …is divided into the subfamilies Notharctinae and Cercamoniinae; the notharctines were found primarily in North America, whereas the cercamoniines were distributed across parts of Africa, Europe, and possibly even Asia, in addition to North America. Most adapiform lineages went extinct when the global climate became cooler and drier near the…

adapiform: Distribution: …is divided into the subfamilies Notharctinae and Cercamoniinae; the notharctines were found primarily in North America, whereas the cercamoniines were distributed across parts of Africa, Europe, and possibly even Asia, in addition to North America. Most adapiform lineages went extinct when the global climate became cooler and drier near the…

Notharctus, extinct genus of small primates (family Adapidae) that shares many similarities with modern lemurs, although its exact relationship to lemurs is controversial. The genus is well known from complete fossil remains found in Europe and North America in early Eocene deposits dated to about

Pharrell Williams: N.E.R.D., early solo work, and Despicable Me: … (2004), Seeing Sounds (2008), and Nothing (2010). Williams also struck out on his own with the 2003 single “Frontin’ ” and the 2006 album In My Mind. He branched out into soundtrack composition as well, scoring the animated film Despicable Me (2010). Noted composer Hans Zimmer produced the score, and…

Taoism: Cosmology: …the Named (youming), Nothing (wu) and Something (you), are interdependent and “grow out of one another.”

Thomas McGuane: …Keep the Change (1989), and Nothing but Blue Skies (1992). After a hiatus from writing novels, McGuane returned with The Cadence of Grass (2002), which depicts a Montana clan’s colourfully tangled lives. It was followed by Driving on the Rim (2010), a freewheeling tale of a small-town doctor.

Rubén Blades: …released his first English-language album, Nothing but the Truth, which featured songs written or cowritten by Lou Reed, Elvis Costello, and Sting. His music echoed such social issues as the Iran-Contra affair and the AIDS crisis. Because of his success and activism, Blades became known as “the Latin Bruce Springsteen.”

Elliott Nugent: …and Goddard in the comedy Nothing but the Truth. The following year he adapted The Male Animal for the screen, with Henry Fonda, Olivia de Havilland, and Jack Carson heading the cast. In 1944 Nugent directed Danny Kaye in his first feature film, the frenetic comedy Up in Arms. Nugent…

Viet Thanh Nguyen: Other books: …Sympathizer with the nonfiction book Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War (2016), an examination of how the Vietnam War is remembered, particularly in the United States and Vietnam. It was a finalist for a National Book Award and a National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2017 he…

Billy Preston: Recording with the Beatles and solo success: …in Circles” (1973) and “Nothing from Nothing” (1974). He also co-wrote “You Are So Beautiful,” a gigantic hit for Joe Cocker. In 1975 Preston and singer-songwriter Janis Ian were the first musical guests selected to appear on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live.

Romain Gary: …first work, L’Éducation européenne (1945; Forest of Anger), won him immediate acclaim. Humanistic and optimistic despite its graphic depictions of the horrors of World War II, the novel was later revised and reissued in English as Nothing Important Ever Dies (1960).

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …followed two years later by Nothing in Common, which starred Tom Hanks as an ad executive dealing with his divorcing parents (Jackie Gleason and Eva Marie Saint). The romantic comedy Overboard, featuring Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell, had a lukewarm reception upon its release in 1987 but later became a…

Claudia Rankine: …her debut collection of poems, Nothing in Nature Is Private, Rankine emerged as an innovative and provocative voice in contemporary poetry. Her second collection, The End of the Alphabet, appeared in 1998, followed by Plot (2001), a book-length poem that narrated the experience of pregnancy and childbirth. Don’t Let Me…

Joan Plowright: Personal life: …Eileen Atkins in the documentary Nothing Like a Dame (2018; also called Tea with the Dames). Plowright’s memoir, And That’s Not All, was published in 2001.

Sting: Solo career: Sting’s next album, …Nothing like the Sun (1987; the title is a nod to Shakespeare), included collaborations with Eric Clapton and with former bandmate Summers and hits such as “Fragile,” “We’ll Be Together,” “Englishman in New York,” and “Be Still My Beating Heart.”

Rascal Flatts: …then released the studio albums Nothing like This (2010), Changed (2012), and Rewind (2014), all of which debuted at number one on the Billboard country album chart. Back to Us (2017) was the group’s 12th album to reach the Top Ten on that chart.

The Mill on the Po, trilogy of novels by Riccardo Bacchelli, first published in Italian as Il mulino del Po in 1938–40. The work, considered Bacchelli’s masterpiece, dramatizes the conflicts and struggles of several generations of a family of millers. The first two volumes, Dio ti salve (1938; “God

William Wellman: Films of the late 1930s of William Wellman: …in its own right was Nothing Sacred (1937), a scathing screwball comedy that featured what some believe to be Carole Lombard’s best performance and a surprisingly modern screenplay by Ben Hecht about media manipulation. Wellman returned to the skies with Men with Wings (1938), a Technicolor account of the early…

Canadian literature: Drama: …impressive body of work, including Nothing Sacred (1988), an adaptation of Turgenev’s Father and Sons; Criminals in Love (1985), set in Toronto’s working-class east end; and Suburban Motel (1997), a cycle of six plays set in a motel room. Playwright and actor Morris Panych achieved renown for the nonverbal The…

Julian Barnes: Nonfiction works: Barnes’s memoir Nothing to Be Frightened Of (2008) is an honest, oftentimes jarringly critical look at his relationship with his parents and older brother. Levels of Life (2013)—which pays tribute to his wife, who died of a brain tumor in 2008—is a series of linked essays. In…

Martin Lawrence: …Tim Robbins in the comedy Nothing to Lose (1997). In Life (1999) he and Eddie Murphy played two strangers who become friends after being sentenced to life in prison in the 1930s for a crime they did not commit. Lawrence again displayed his facility with prostheses by playing an FBI…

Drake: So Far Gone, Thank Me Later, and Nothing Was the Same: Drake’s next studio record, Nothing Was the Same (2013), also took a Juno Award.

Solomon Burke: …Like a Fire (2008), and Nothing’s Impossible (2010)—were nominated in that category. He was traveling to the Netherlands for a performance in October 2010 when he died at Schiphol airport near Amsterdam. Burke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001.

alternative rock: …Warner Brothers Records and made Nothing’s Shocking (1988), an album on which they offered odd guitar tones and disrupted metres as clearly and forcefully as had been done on any classic rock recording. Just as the 1990s dawned, the Smashing Pumpkins began their ultimately very successful quest to make what…

emptiness, in mysticism and religion, a state of “pure consciousness” in which the mind has been emptied of all particular objects and images; also, the undifferentiated reality (a world without distinctions and multiplicity) or quality of reality that the emptied mind reflects or manifests. The

existentialism: Ontic structure of human existence: …(as possibility) appears as the nothingness of Being, as the negation of every reality of fact. In a brief but famous work, Was ist Metaphysik? (1929; What Is Metaphysics?), Heidegger affirmed that “Human existence cannot have a relationship with being unless it remains in the midst of nothingness.” Rudolf Carnap,…

10 Organisms Named for David Attenborough: Attenborough’s killifish: • What: small colorful killifish that inhabits ephemeral freshwater pools and marshes formed during the wet season. The fry grow rapidly, mate, and lay their eggs in the muddy substrate; the adults die as the pools dry out. The eggs hatch during the…

killifish: Nothobranchius kadleci and N. furzeri, two species inhabiting rain-filled seasonal ponds in East Africa, have the shortest generation time (approximately 1 month) of any vertebrate known. N. kadleci and N. furzeri become sexually mature at 17 days and 18 days, respectively, and the eggs of both species can…

killifish: Nothobranchius kadleci and N. furzeri, two species inhabiting rain-filled seasonal ponds in East Africa, have the shortest generation time (approximately 1 month) of any vertebrate known. N. kadleci and N. furzeri become sexually mature at 17 days and 18 days, respectively, and the eggs of…

Fagales: Nothofagaceae: Nothofagaceae, or the southern or silver beech family, consists of 35 species of Nothofagus that are scattered throughout southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the mountains of New Guinea. The history of the genus has frequently been cited as evidence of…

southern beech, (genus Nothofagus), genus of 35–40 species of trees and shrubs in the family Nothofagaceae, native to cooler regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Several species are grown as ornamentals or for their useful wood. The southern beeches were formerly placed in the beech and oak family

temperate forest: Flora: …evergreen species of beech (Nothofagus), with different species occurring in each region. Few other trees typically coexist with Nothofagus in these cool forests, which also lack climbers and vascular epiphytes, although they may have a great abundance of mosses on tree trunks, branches, and sometimes leaves. In Australia other…

southern beech: Major species: …Australian, or red, myrtle (N. cunninghamii), a 80-meter (262-foot) Tasmanian tree important for its fine-textured wood and as a dominant rainforest species; the slender columnar red beech (N. fusca) of New Zealand, about 30 meters tall; and the silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-meter New Zealand tree…

southern beech: Major species: …rainforest species; the slender columnar red beech (N. fusca) of New Zealand, about 30 meters tall; and the silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-meter New Zealand tree with doubly and bluntly toothed leaves bearing small hairy pits beneath.

southern beech: Major species: …silver, or southland, beech (N. menziesii), a 30-meter New Zealand tree with doubly and bluntly toothed leaves bearing small hairy pits beneath.

southern beech: Major species: …the best known are the Australian beech (N. moorei), a 46-meter (151-foot) tree with leaves 7 cm (3 inches) long, found in New South Wales; the myrtle beech, Tasmanian myrtle, or Australian, or red, myrtle (N. cunninghamii), a 80-meter (262-foot) Tasmanian tree important for its fine-textured wood and as a…

temperate forest: Flora: …a deciduous species of beech, Nothofagus obliqua, which usually grows amid evergreen trees more typical of the broad-leaved forests bordering this area to the south.

Belgian literature: Developments after World War II: …novelist of the 1990s was Amélie Nothomb, two of whose novels of the ’90s—Le Sabotage amoureux (1993; Loving Sabotage) and Stupeur et tremblements (1999; Fear and Trembling)—were translated into English at the turn of the 21st century.

tinamou: Habitat selection and food habits: The members of the genus Nothoprocta are considered beneficial to agriculture because of their large consumption of insect pests. Young tinamous of all species are more dependent upon insects than are the adults. Unlike the gallinaceous birds, tinamous do not scratch for food, as is evident by their weak toes…

tinamou: Reproduction: In the ornate tinamou (Nothoprocta ornata) it is the females who perform courtship displays.

sauropterygian: Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water.

sauropterygian: Sauropterygians include the nothosaurs, the pistosaurs, and the plesiosaurs, all of which were remarkably well adapted to life in the water.

Nothosaurus, (genus Nothosaurus), marine reptiles found as fossils from the Triassic Period (251 million to 200 million years ago) in southwestern and eastern Asia, North Africa, and especially Europe. Nothosaurus was characterized by a slender body, long neck and tail, and long limbs. Although the

tinamou: Habitat selection and food habits: …primarily on seeds, but the spotted tinamou (Nothura maculosa) occasionally eats ticks in pastures. The forest-inhabiting solitary tinamou generally prefers small fruits and berries, collected on the ground. However, it may also devour a frog when it finds one. The members of the genus Nothoprocta are considered beneficial to agriculture…

procedural law: Pleadings: …rules now require only “notice pleadings,” in which the plaintiff gives “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief” and the defendant gives a “short and plain” statement of his defenses. For most actions, there is no requirement that legal theory…

Élie de Beaumont: In his work Notice sur les systèmes des montagnes (1852; “Review of Mountain Systems”), he summarized his theories on the origin of mountain ranges, attributing them to cataclysmic upheavals caused by the slow cooling and shrinking of Earth.

Gabriel García Márquez: Works: …Noticia de un secuestro (News of a Kidnapping).

Fernando del Paso: Noticias del imperio (1987; “News from the Empire”) is a re-creation of Mexican history, narrated in part by a madwoman who has witnessed 60 years of political and social upheaval, that blends realism with fantasy and horror; the novel has been called one of the…

chondrichthyan: Annotated classification: Suborder Notidanoidei Sharks having 6 or 7 gill openings. Anal fin present. Family Hexanchidae (cow sharks and 7-gilled sharks) Distinguished by presence of 6 gill slits; teeth of lower jaw strikingly unlike those of upper, the 5 or 6 on either side of the central tooth…

notifiable disease, any of various health conditions that, upon detection, are required to be reported to public health authorities. For certain diseases, namely those of an infectious nature, mandatory disease reporting plays a critical role in preventing and controlling the spread of disease in

William Rehnquist: In “The Notion of a Living Constitution” (1976), Rehnquist articulated the role of the court in a democratic society, concluding that judicial restraint and deference to lawmaking majorities are essential elements of a responsible judicial system. The liberal concept of a living constitution, he argued, constitutes…

In financial instruments, the notional value (also called the notional amount and the principal amount) is the total value—in dollars or another unit of currency—controlled by an instrument. Depending on the underlying asset or financial instrument, notional value may be used to assess its cost to

Ada Lovelace: …de Charles Babbage” (1842; “Elements of Charles Babbage’s Analytical Machine”). Her detailed and elaborate annotations (especially her description of how the proposed Analytical Engine could be programmed to compute Bernoulli numbers) were excellent; “the Analytical Engine,” she said, “weaves algebraic patterns, just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.”

Notitia Dignitatum, official list of all ancient Roman civil and military posts, surviving as a 1551 copy of the now-missing original. It is a major source of information on the administrative organization of the late Roman Empire—late 4th and early 5th centuries—and is divided into two sections,

Giorgione: Works: …art collections of Venice (Notizie d’opere del disegno), written between 1520 and 1543 by the Venetian patrician Marcantonio Michiel, contain references to pictures by Giorgione. This information occurs so shortly after the master’s death that it is considered generally reliable. Of the 12 paintings and 1 drawing listed, 5…

Bernt Notke was a sculptor, painter, and engraver who was one of the most important artists in eastern Germany and the surrounding area during the 15th century. His intense and expressionistic works were instrumental in the development of sculpture in Germany. In 1505 Notke was named Werkmeister of

Liège: Under Notger, its first prince-bishop, it grew in importance as a center of Liège principality and of the Mosan school of art and as a major European intellectual center. After it was granted a communal magistracy (1185) and citizens’ charter (1195), and the guilds were granted…

Latin literature: The 9th to the 11th century: Notker Balbulus, monk of St. Gall, was not the first to compose sequences, but his Liber hymnorum (“Book of Hymns”), begun about 860, is an integrated collection of texts that spans the whole of the church year in an ordered cycle. Performed between the biblical…

Noto, town and episcopal see, southeastern Sicily, Italy. It lies on the southern slopes of the Hyblaei Hills southwest of Syracuse. Noto was founded in 1703 about 4 miles (7 km) southeast of the Siculan and Roman city of Netum, which was destroyed in the earthquake of 1693. The town’s 18th-century

Noto Peninsula, peninsula in Ishikawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, jutting into the Sea of Japan and enclosing Toyama Bay. The largest peninsula on the northern Honshu coast, it extends northward for 50 miles (80 km) and has a width of about 19 miles (30 km). The peninsula is separated from