accounting: Cost of goods sold: …(1) first-in, first-out (FIFO), (2) last-in, first-out (LIFO), or (3) average cost. The LIFO method is widely used in the United States, where it is also an acceptable costing method for income tax purposes; companies in most other countries measure inventory cost and the cost of goods sold by some…

English literature: Literary reactions to the political climate: …with this mode, and his Last Instructions to a Painter (written in 1667) achieves a control of a broad canvas and an alertness to apt detail and to the movement of masses of people that make it a significant forerunner of Pope’s Dunciad, however divergent the two poets’ political visions…

Pietro Cavallini: …his most famous works, a Last Judgment fresco, frescoes of Old Testament scenes (only fragments survive), and an Annunciation in Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome. Here the classicizing elements of his mosaics are consolidated in a powerful and grandly expressive style best illustrated by a beautiful and lively group…

Western sculpture: Romanesque: …Burgundy, such as the spectral Last Judgment at Autun or the Pentecost at Vézelay; and, on the other hand, by the sculpture of Provence, such as that of Saint-Trophime in Arles or of the church in Saint-Gilles, which retain many of the forms and characteristics of Classical antiquity.

Luca Signorelli: …the World” and the “Last Judgment” (1499–1502), is in the chapel of S. Brizio in Orvieto cathedral. Those frescoes, which greatly influenced Michelangelo, are crowded with powerful nudes painted in many postures that accentuate their musculature. Signorelli had little sense of colour, but here his greenish and purple devils…

Francisco Pacheco: Such paintings as the Last Judgment (1614) in the convent of Santa Isabel and the Martyrs of Granada are highly imitative and rigid works, monumental but unimpressive. Although Velázquez became Pacheco’s son-in-law, he was uninfluenced by his father-in-law’s art.

Lucas van Leyden: …all in his masterpiece, the Last Judgment (commissioned 1526), in which the composition is unified by the clear, dominant rhythm of the figures and the logically rendered space.

Jean Cousin, the Younger: …important surviving work is the Last Judgment, now in the Louvre, the theme of which is the insignificance of human life; the composition suggests both Florentine Mannerism and Flemish influences. Cousin also is noted for his drawing style, best represented in the emblematic style of his Livre de Fortune (1568).…

Last Judgment, a general, or sometimes individual, judging of the thoughts, words, and deeds of persons by God, the gods, or by the laws of cause and effect. The Western prophetic religions (i.e., Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) developed concepts of the Last Judgment that are

The Last Judgment, fresco by Michelangelo completed 1536–41. The Last Judgment is generally regarded as one of Michelangelo’s greatest masterpieces. Inspired by Dante’s The Divine Comedy, the fresco was commissioned in 1534 by Pope Clement VII (reigned 1523–34) and completed under Pope Paul III

Fra Angelico: San Domenico period: …works such as the large The Last Judgment (1440–45) and The Coronation of the Virgin (c. 1430–32), for example, the human figures receding toward the rear themselves create a feeling of space similar to that in the paintings of Angelico’s great Florentine contemporary Masaccio. The earliest work by Angelico that…

Ten Depictions of Hell: The Last Judgment (1303–05) by Giotto: …to that space, however, is The Last Judgment, which covers the entire west wall. Influenced by Christian eschatology, Giotto creates a contrast between the blessed on the lower left side, who are ushered toward heaven by kindly angels, and the damned on the lower right, who are tormented by demons…

John Grisham: Other novels: …fiction, with The Summons (2002), The Last Juror (2004), The Appeal (2008), The Litigators (2011), The Racketeer (2012), and Gray Mountain (2014) among his later works in the genre. In Sycamore Row (2013)—a follow-up to A Time to Kill, centering on the lawyer from that book, Jake Brigance—Grisham returned to…

Gillian Anderson: Films: The House of Mirth and The Last King of Scotland: …drama The Mighty Celt (2005); The Last King of Scotland (2006), which centres on Ugandan dictator Idi Amin; and Johnny English Reborn (2011), a spy spoof starring Rowan Atkinson.

F.W. Murnau: …“The Last Man”; English title The Last Laugh), starring Emil Jannings in one of his signature roles, was a collaboration between Murnau and the renowned scriptwriter Carl Mayer, and it established Murnau’s reputation as one of the foremost German directors. The film traces the vicissitudes of a proud, aging doorman…

Richard Dreyfuss: 1990s and beyond: The Last Laugh and Astronaut were among his films released in 2019.

The Last Leaf, short story by O. Henry, published in 1907 in his collection The Trimmed Lamp and Other Stories. “The Last Leaf” concerns Johnsy, a poor young woman who is seriously ill with pneumonia. She believes that when the ivy vine on the wall outside her window loses all its leaves, she will

Ugo Foscolo: …lettere di Jacopo Ortis (1802; The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis, 1970) contains a bitter denunciation of that transaction and shows the author’s disgust with Italy’s social and political situation. Some critics consider this story the first modern Italian novel.

Can Xue: Works of fiction and mind-stretching enchantments: …novel, Zuihou de qingren (2005; The Last Lover), explored the relationships, guessing games, desires, and dreams of several characters, both Western and Eastern, who journey to real and imaginary places in different parts of the world. Noting the book’s “mind-stretching enchantments,” The Independent’s reviewer

Janette Turner Hospital: Like her previous novels, The Last Magician (1992) offers a diversity of ideas along with the mystery at its plot’s centre. Oyster (1996) is an eerie and complex novel about an underground community willing to do anything to keep its profitable opal fields a secret. The political thrillers Due…

I Am Legend: …the first in 1964 as The Last Man on Earth, starring Vincent Price as Neville, followed by The Omega Man (1971), with the Neville role played by Charlton Heston, and last a 2007 version starring Will Smith as Neville. The first version is most faithful to the book, which, in…

Jay Leno: …cast member of the sitcom Last Man Standing (2015–21). In 2021 Leno began hosting a reboot of the classic TV game show You Bet Your Life.

Jerry Lee Lewis: Later recordings: …later in his life for Last Man Standing (2006), an album of duets with a panoply of rock, blues, and country legends. A similarly conceived record, Mean Old Man, was released in 2010. Rock & Roll Time (2014) also featured a number of notable musicians, though Lewis provided the main…

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley: Later life and other works: The Last Man (1826), an account of the future destruction of the human race by a plague, is often ranked as her best work.

Gérard Depardieu: Stardom: 1990 to Cyrano de Bergerac: …Truffaut’s Le Dernier Métro (1980; The Last Metro), Loulou (1980), Le Retour de Martin Guerre (1981; The Return of Martin Guerre), Andrzej Wajda’s Danton (1983), Jean de Florette (1986), and its sequel, Manon des Sources (1986; Manon of the Spring). He starred in Camille Claudel (1989), and in 1990 he…

Pablo Picasso: Early years: …a dark, moody “modernista” painting, Last Moments (later painted over), showing the visit of a priest to the bedside of a dying woman, a work that was accepted for the Spanish section of the Exposition Universelle in Paris in that year. Eager to see his own work in place and…

Last Mountain Lake, lake in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, which drains southward to the Qu’Appelle River. Named after a hill 12 mi (19 km) to the east, the lake averages only 2 mi in width but extends northward for nearly 60 mi. It has an area of 89 sq mi (231 sq km). Since the establishment

Chevy Chase: Film struggles and Community: In 2017 he appeared in The Last Movie Star, a well-received drama starring Burt Reynolds.

Ethan Hawke: Theater work and documentaries: …Seymour Bernstein, and the docuseries The Last Movie Stars (2022), which centers on Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward.

Kris Kristofferson: Film career and the Highwaymen: …role as a singer in The Last Movie (1971), directed by Dennis Hopper. His first notable performance was in Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973), in which he played the notorious outlaw Billy the Kid opposite James Coburn. He played the romantic lead in Martin Scorsese’s Alice Doesn’t Live…

surname, name added to a “given name” (also called the "first name"). In many cases the surname is inherited and held in common by members of a family. Originally, many surnames identified a person by his connection with another person, usually his father (Johnson, MacDonald); others gave his

Sarah Polley: …Junior Brown (1997), Don McKellar’s Last Night (1998), and David Cronenberg’s eXistenZ (1999). She seemed poised for stardom in the United States after her work in Doug Liman’s Go (1999) and Audrey Wells’s Guinevere (1999) earned her rave reviews and major industry buzz. Yet she eschewed mainstream fame and gave…

Latin American literature: Post-boom writers: …noche que pasé contigo (1991; The Last Night I Spent with You) is Montero’s best-known novel. Its hilarious plot involves couples who meet during a Caribbean cruise. Chaviano’s El hombre la hembra y el hambre (1998; “Man, Woman, and Hunger”) is about a young woman in contemporary Cuba who works…

Anya Taylor-Joy: Other roles from the 2020s: …singer in the 1960s in Last Night in Soho (2021), a psychological thriller directed by Edgar Wright; reteamed with The Witch director Robert Eggers in The Northman (2022), a drama about a Viking avenging his father’s murder; and joined the star-studded cast of Amsterdam, a quirky comedy directed by Russell.…

John Irving: Later novels and other books: …woman as a child, and Last Night in Twisted River (2009), which plots the bizarre course of a writer’s path to success. In One Person (2012) explores sexual identity, while Avenue of Mysteries (2015) is about a Mexican writer’s remembrance of his unusual past. In 2022 Irving published his 15th…

Jordan Peele: Peele cocreated the comedy series The Last O.G. (2018–21), starring Tracy Morgan and Tiffany Haddish, before writing, producing, and directing the horror film Us (2019). It centres on a middle-class family headed by Adelaide and Gabe (Lupita Nyong’o and Winston Duke) who find themselves under attack by their own doppelgängers.…

Tilda Swinton: Orlando and The Deep End: …eight of Jarman’s films, including The Last of England (1988), a commentary on the state of the United Kingdom under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and an adaptation of Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II (1991).

Sigrid Nunez: First short stories and novels: The Last of Her Kind (2006) centers on the relationship between two women who meet as roommates at Barnard College in the 1960s and follow widely divergent life paths in response to the leftist counterculture in which they were immersed as students. Salvation City (2010)…

The Berlin Stories: …the semiautobiographical work consists of Mr. Norris Changes Trains (1935; U.S. title, The Last of Mr. Norris) and Goodbye to Berlin (1939).

Stephen Sondheim: …two nonmusical mysteries: the film The Last of Sheila (1973), with Anthony Perkins, and the play Getting Away with Murder (1996), with George Furth. He also notably wrote five songs for the movie Dick Tracy (1990), winning an Academy Award for “Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man).” The…

Sir Edward Belcher: …described his Arctic venture in The Last of the Arctic Voyages (1855). He was created a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1867 and he became an admiral in 1872.

André De Toth: Last of the Comanches (1953) was a remake of Zoltan Korda’s Sahara (1943), with Native Americans standing in for the Nazi hordes of the original.

Timothy Findley: The Last of the Crazy People (1967) is about a despairing, obsessive boy whose attempts to cope with his dysfunctional family lead to murder and madness, while The Butterfly Plague (1969) presents a late-1930s Hollywood family whose members embody the world’s ills.

the Pretenders: Later work: …during the recording sessions for Last of the Independents, which was released in 1994 and featured the hit single “I’ll Stand by You.” Although the Pretenders’ subsequent albums—¡Viva el amor! (1999), Loose Screw (2002), Break Up the Concrete (2008), Alone (2016), and Hate for Sale (2020)—were less successful, the band…

André Schwarz-Bart: …Le Dernier des justes (1959; The Last of the Just).

The Last of the Mohicans, the second and most popular novel of the five-volume Leatherstocking Tales by James Fenimore Cooper, first published in two volumes in 1826. In terms of narrative order, it is also the second novel in the series, taking place in 1757 during the French and Indian War. The

Michael Mann: …Mann gained additional attention for The Last of the Mohicans (1992), a romantic epic starring Daniel Day-Lewis that was adapted from the James Fenimore Cooper novel of the same name. He found both critical and commercial success with the ensemble crime drama Heat (1995), featuring Al Pacino and Robert De…

The Last of the Mohicans, the second and most popular novel of the five-volume Leatherstocking Tales by James Fenimore Cooper, first published in two volumes in 1826. In terms of narrative order, it is also the second novel in the series, taking place in 1757 during the French and Indian War. The

the Flying Burrito Brothers: …group’s albums, including the live Last of the Red Hot Burritos (1972), which also prominently featured bluegrass musicians.

Alan Arkin: …adaptation of the Simon’s play Last of the Red Hot Lovers, played a San Francisco detective in the comedy Freebie and the Bean (1974), portrayed Sigmund Freud in The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (1976), and appeared opposite Peter Falk in Arthur Hiller’s comedy The In-Laws

Sophie Tucker was an American singer whose 62-year stage career included American burlesque, vaudeville, and nightclub and English music hall appearances. Born somewhere in Russia as her mother was on her way to join her father in the United States, Sophie Kalish grew up in Boston and then in

Claude Lanzmann: …the Sobibor extermination camp; and The Last of the Unjust (2013), a 1975 interview with Benjamin Murmelstein (1905–89), a rabbi and Jewish leader at Theresienstadt who was working for the Nazis under Adolph Eichmann. Theresienstadt, a stopping point for Jews who would eventually be sent to death camps, was meant…

Lofoten: …in Den siste viking (1921; Last of the Vikings, 1923).

The Last of Us: …from a popular video game franchise of the same name developed by the studio Naughty Dog. Showrunner Craig Mazin cocreated the television series with Neil Druckmann, who is also the writer and creative director of the video games. The show is set in a dystopian world where a parasitic fungal…

Graham Swift: His subtle, beautifully written Last Orders (1996) won the prestigious Booker Prize. In 2003 he published The Light of Day, which explores a private investigator’s relationship with a client convicted of murdering her husband. Swift’s novel Tomorrow (2007) returns to themes of the family as a woman lies awake,…

Larry McMurtry: …small-town life are examined in The Last Picture Show (1966; film 1971); McMurtry received an Academy Award nomination for the screenplay. The novel was the first in a series that he continued with Texasville (1987), Duane’s Depressed (1999), When the Light Goes (2007), and Rhino Ranch (2009). McMurtry’s frontier epic,…

Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc.: … (1969), Five Easy Pieces (1970), The Last Picture Show (1971), and The Big Chill (1983).

Meja Mwangi: …Striving for the Wind (1990), The Last Plague (2000), and The Big Chiefs (2008). In these vivid naturalistic narratives Mwangi never loses his sense of humor; he offers the reader a mixture of protest and hilarity.

William Butler Yeats: …verse collections, New Poems and Last Poems and Two Plays, appeared in 1938 and 1939 respectively. In these books many of his previous themes are gathered up and rehandled, with an immense technical range; the aged poet was using ballad rhythms and dialogue structure with undiminished energy as he approached…

the Last Poets, spoken-word group, formed in 1968, whose confrontational delivery and socially conscious lyrics in songs such as “When the Revolution Comes” were a forerunner to rap music and hip-hop. The group’s founding members were David Nelson (also known as Dahveed Ben Israel and Dahveed

graphic design: Graphic design in developing nations: …powerful poster series that included The Last Portal of Truth 42, produced just before the 2002 Zimbabwean elections.

Jessie Buckley: Acting career and transition from theater to screen: …then appeared in the miniseries The Last Post (2017) and The Woman in White (2018), the latter based on a novel by Wilkie Collins.

Eric Temple Bell: …history of Fermat’s last theorem, The Last Problem (1961). Although rather fanciful and not always historically accurate, these works, particularly Men of Mathematics, continue to attract a wide readership. Under the pen name of John Taine, Bell wrote many books of science fiction, including The Time Stream (1946).

George Santayana: Santayana’s system of philosophy: …perfect expression in a novel, The Last Puritan (1935).

Moon: Principal characteristics of the Earth-Moon system: …waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent. New moon occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, and thus the side of the Moon that is in shadow faces Earth. Full moon occurs when the Moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the…

Catholic imagination: Catholic imagination in literature: In her 2001 novel The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse, a former nun discovers a drowned priest and takes on his identity, living the rest of her life as a man while serving a remote reservation as the missionary Father Damien Modeste.

Pawel Pawlikowski: …a feature film director with Last Resort (2000), a drama that chronicled the lives of asylum seekers in an English seaside resort town. The film earned him the 2001 Carl Foreman Award for the most-promising newcomer from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). His follow-up effort—My Summer…

Alison Lurie: The Last Resort (1998) follows a naturalist writer and his wife on a trip to Key West, where they encounter human vanity and sexual desires. Truth and Consequences (2005), which follows two couples courting divorce, revisits Lurie’s invented Corinth University.

Pierce Brosnan: Later work: …Ireland, in the inspirational drama The Last Rifleman (2023).

Henry Hathaway: Later work: Although The Last Safari (1967) and Five Card Stud (1968) received tepid responses from filmgoers, Hathaway scored a major hit with True Grit (1969), an adaptation of Charles Portis’s best seller. For his portrayal of the drunken, cantankerous, but endearing U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn, Wayne received…

Tom Cruise: A-list star of the 1990s and 2000s: … (2002), directed by Steven Spielberg; The Last Samurai (2003), in which he played a disaffected U.S. soldier who aligns himself with a samurai community; and the gritty Los Angeles-set Collateral (2004), in which he took on the role of an obdurate contract killer. He reteamed with Spielberg on War of…

Gerard Butler: Last Seen Alive (2022) centres on a man searching for his estranged wife after she mysteriously disappears.

Elizabeth Bowen: …the scene of her novel The Last September (1929), which takes place during the events that preceded Irish independence. When she was 7, her father suffered a mental illness, and she departed for England with her mother, who died when Elizabeth was 12. An only child, she lived with relatives…

Sting: Later work: In the summer of 2014 The Last Ship, a musical written by Sting and inspired by his childhood in the shipbuilding town of Wallsend, had its Off-Broadway debut in Chicago and was praised by critics. It debuted on Broadway that fall, but, as it began to founder, Sting joined the…

Pamela Anderson: Later credits: …Globe nomination—for her performance in The Last Showgirl, about a Las Vegas dancer who learns that her show is closing after 30 years. In 2025 Anderson starred with Liam Neeson in The Naked Gun, a remake of the 1988 slapstick comedy.

Joy Harjo: Poetry, tenure as U.S. poet laureate, and other writing: Harjo’s first volume of poetry, The Last Song (1975), introduced her remarkable observations and insights into the fragmented history of Indigenous peoples. In her third collection, She Had Some Horses (1983), she wove prayer chants and animal imagery into her verse. The title poem, considered a feminist

Nicholas Sparks: …The Choice (2007; film 2016), The Last Song (2009; film 2010), The Lucky One (2008; film 2012), The Best of Me (2011; film 2014), and The Longest Ride (2013; film 2015). In 2015 he released the novel See Me, about a pair of lovers with troubled pasts. Later works include…

Pixies: …release of the candid, hook-laced Last Splash (1993), one of the landmark albums of the 1990s. In 2004 the Pixies reunited for a much-anticipated multicity tour, on which a limited amount of on-site CD recordings of each concert were instantly available to concertgoers. The tour was also captured in the…

Helen Mirren: Later films: …Leo Tolstoy’s wife, Sofya, in The Last Station (2009) earned her a fourth Oscar nomination. She then portrayed a former CIA assassin in the action comedy Red (2010) and, in a bit of cross-gender casting, starred in Julie Taymor’s 2010 film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest as the sorceress…

William Trevor: …Cheating at Canasta (2007); and Last Stories (2018), his final collection. These are typically bleak tales featuring moments of reckoning in which characters can no longer seek refuge in the fantasies and illusions that had previously made their lives bearable.

Frank Perry: Last Summer (1969) was a provocative adaptation of Evan Hunter’s coming-of-age novel about three teenagers (Richard Thomas, Bruce Davison, and Barbara Hershey) who aimlessly drink and engage in sexual experimentation, but things take a cruel and violent turn when a shy, vulnerable girl (Catherine Burns)…

Jacqueline Woodson: Writing career: That work, Last Summer with Maizon (1990), focuses on the relationship between two friends, Margaret and Maizon, during the summer before Maizon leaves for boarding school. The second book in the series, Maizon at Blue Hill (1992), follows Maizon to boarding school, where she is one of…

Robert Aldrich: The 1960s: Aldrich opened the decade with The Last Sunset (1961), a dialogue-heavy western in which Kirk Douglas played a philosophical outlaw who ends up on a cattle drive with the sheriff (Rock Hudson) who has been chasing him. He then helmed the biblical epic Sodom and Gomorrah (1962), with Stewart Granger…

Last Supper, one of the most famous artworks in the world, painted by Leonardo da Vinci probably between 1495 and 1498 for the Dominican monastery Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It depicts the dramatic scene described in several closely connected moments in the Gospels, including Matthew

Last Supper, in the New Testament, the final meal shared by Jesus and his disciples in an upper room in Jerusalem, the occasion of the institution of the Eucharist. The story of the Last Supper on the night before Christ’s crucifixion is reported in four books of the New Testament (Matthew

Andrea del Castagno: …first notable works were a Last Supper and, in a single composition above that, a Crucifixion, a Deposition, and a Resurrection—all executed in 1447 for the refectory of the former Convent of Sant’Apollonia in Florence, now known as the Cenacolo di Sant’Apollonia. These monumental frescoes, revealing the influence of Masaccio’s…

Paolo Veronese: The later years: …paintings and particularly in the Last Supper commissioned in 1573 by the convent of Saints Giovanni e Paolo aroused the suspicion of the Inquisition’s tribunal of the Holy Office, which summoned Veronese to defend the painting. The tribunal objected to the painting on grounds that it included irreverent elements, inappropriate…

Tintoretto: Career: …form of composition in his Last Supper of San Marcuola (1547), in which the choice of rough and popular types succeeds in endorsing the scene with a portrayal of ordinary everyday reality struck with wonder by the revelation of the miracle.

The Last Supper, Italian Cenacolo, is a wall painting made by Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, probably between 1495 and 1498. Ludovico Sforza, the duke of Milan, commissioned it for the refectory of the Dominican monastery Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. The Last Supper depicts the scene

Bernardo Bertolucci: …best known for his film Last Tango in Paris (1972), the erotic content of which created an international sensation.

Peter Gabriel: …album, Passion: Music for “The Last Temptation of Christ” (1989), featured a number of African and Middle Eastern artists (several of whom released albums with Real World) and won a Grammy Award. Gabriel’s work also has been marked by an imaginative visual component. His performances with Genesis were noted…

Peter Ackroyd: …London (1982), was followed by The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), Hawksmoor (1985; winner of the Prix Goncourt and the Whitbread Book of the Year Award), Chatterton (1987), First Light (1989), English Music (1992), The House of Doctor Dee (1993), The Trial of Elizabeth

Arthur C. Clarke: Clarke’s final novel, The Last Theorem (2008), which concerns an alien invasion and a new short proof of Fermat’s last theorem, was completed by Frederik Pohl.

Joan Didion: Journalism, Play It as It Lays, screenplays, and memoirs: The Last Thing He Wanted (1996; film 2020) follows a reporter for The Washington Post as she becomes embroiled in her father’s arms deal with Nicaraguan contras. Upon the book’s publication,

Ben Affleck: Roles of the 2010s and beyond: In 2020 Affleck starred in The Last Thing He Wanted, a crime drama based on a novel by Joan Didion, and The Way Back, about an alcoholic who becomes a high-school basketball coach. He later reteamed with Damon, on Ridley Scott’s The Last Duel (2021). The medieval drama was based…

Oscar Hammerstein II: …Awards for the songs “The Last Time I Saw Paris” from Lady Be Good (1941) and “It Might as Well Be Spring” from State Fair (1945). In addition, he received three Tony Awards for South Pacific and one for The King and I.

Elizabeth Taylor: Giant, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, and Suddenly, Last Summer: …wife of a writer in The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954) and as an East Coast woman who marries the patriarch of a disintegrating Texas ranching family (played by Rock Hudson) in Giant (1956).

John Sturges: Bad, Magnificent, and Great: Last Train from Gun Hill (1959) was much better, a crackling western in which Douglas was at his best as an uncompromising sheriff determined to find the men who raped and killed his wife. The World War II drama Never So Few (1959) offered a…

Paul Theroux: Later works: The Last Train to Zona Verde: My Ultimate African Safari (2013) recounts a harrowing journey up the western coast of Africa, and Deep South: Four Seasons on Back Roads (2015) relates his meanderings through the poverty-stricken regions of the American South. Figures in a Landscape:…

Elia Kazan: Films, stage work, and writing of the 1960s and ’70s of Elia Kazan: Kazan’s final film, The Last Tycoon (1976), was an adaptation of an unfinished novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, with a screenplay by playwright Harold Pinter. It seemed fitting that Kazan should retire from the screen with an actors’ showcase: Robert De Niro, Robert Mitchum, Jack Nicholson, Tony