Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin was a Russian Imperial Army officer and Cossack leader who was one of the first to organize military resistance against the Bolsheviks after their accession to power in Russia (October 1917, Old Style). The son of a Don Cossack officer, Kaledin became a professional

Apple Inc.: 1985–1997: Leadership struggles after Jobs and Wozniak: Kaleida Labs was to develop multimedia software.

kaleidoscope, optical device consisting of mirrors that reflect images of bits of coloured glass in a symmetrical geometric design through a viewer. The design may be changed endlessly by rotating the section containing the loose fragments. The name is derived from the Greek words kalos

Kalvis, in Baltic religion, the heavenly smith, usually associated with a huge iron hammer. A smith in the tradition of the Greek Hephaistos and the Vedic Tvaṣṭṛ, Kalvis also seems to have been a dragon killer, a function in which he was superseded by the Christian St. George. Every morning Kalvis

Belgrade: …known by the Romans as Singidunum. It was destroyed by the Huns in 442 and changed hands among the Sarmatians, Goths, and Gepidae before it was recaptured by the Byzantine emperor Justinian. It was later held by the Franks and the Bulgars, and in the 11th century became a frontier…

Kalemie, town, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa. It is a port on the west bank of Lake Tanganyika where the Lukuga River exits, and it has an airport and rail links to Lubumbashi and Kananga. It is also the capital of Tanganyika province. In 1915 Kalemie, then the site

Kalemie, town, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa. It is a port on the west bank of Lake Tanganyika where the Lukuga River exits, and it has an airport and rail links to Lubumbashi and Kananga. It is also the capital of Tanganyika province. In 1915 Kalemie, then the site

Ottoman Empire: Classical Ottoman society and administration: …the administrative, or scribal (kalemiye), institution, organized as the imperial treasury (hazine-i amire), which was in charge of collecting and spending the imperial revenues; and the religious, or cultural (ilmiye), institution, comprising the ulama (Muslims expert in the religious sciences), which was in charge of organizing and propagating the…

calendar: The Julian calendar: …month was known as the Kalendae, but subsequent days were not enumerated as so many after the Kalendae but as so many before the following Nonae (“nones”), the day called nonae being the ninth day before the Ides (from iduare, meaning “to divide”), which occurred in the middle of the…

Slavic religion: Communal banquets and related practices: …in the case of the Koljada (Latin Kalendae)—the annual visit made by the spirits of the dead, under the disguise of beggars, to all the houses in the village. It is possible that the bones of the disinterred were kept for a long period inside the dwellings, as is still…

Oskar Maria Graf: …Bavarian peasant life, such as Kalender-Geschichten, 2 vol. (1929, rev. 1957; “Calendar Stories”). Graf’s writing is marked by frank realism and by his own socialist and pacifist beliefs, but these are tempered by humorous affection for his subjects.

Zambezi River: Physiography: …of a marshy bog near Kalene Hill, Zambia, about 4,800 feet (1,460 metres) above sea level, and flows some 20 miles before entering Angola, through which it runs for more than 175 miles. In this first section of its course, the river is met by more than a dozen tributaries…

Kalenjin, any member of the Kipsikis (Kipsigis), Nandi, Pokot, or other related peoples of west-central Kenya, northern Tanzania, and Uganda who speak Southern Nilotic languages of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Kalenjin peoples probably expanded into the Rift Valley about ad 1500. During

Kalevala, Finnish national epic compiled from old Finnish ballads, lyrical songs, and incantations that were a part of Finnish oral tradition. The Kalevala was compiled by Elias Lönnrot, who published the folk material in two editions (32 cantos, 1835; enlarged into 50 cantos, 1849). Kalevala, the

Kalevipoeg, Estonian national epic compiled in 1857–61 by the Estonian physician, folklorist, and poet F. Reinhold Kreutzwald, during a period referred to as the national awakening. The work became the focus of the nascent 19th-century Estonian nationalism and independence movement and subsequently

Kalevipoeg, Estonian national epic compiled in 1857–61 by the Estonian physician, folklorist, and poet F. Reinhold Kreutzwald, during a period referred to as the national awakening. The work became the focus of the nascent 19th-century Estonian nationalism and independence movement and subsequently

Willem Kalf was one of the best-known Dutch painters of still-life compositions. Kalf was a student of Hendrik Pot, a painter of historical subjects, and probably also of the painter Cornelis Saftleven. His choice of still lifes as subject matter dates to a stay in Paris (late 1630s–1646). His

Willem Kalf was one of the best-known Dutch painters of still-life compositions. Kalf was a student of Hendrik Pot, a painter of historical subjects, and probably also of the painter Cornelis Saftleven. His choice of still lifes as subject matter dates to a stay in Paris (late 1630s–1646). His

Kalgan, city in northwestern Hebei sheng (province), northern China. Kalgan, the name by which the city is most commonly known, is from a Mongolian word meaning “gate in a barrier,” or “frontier.” The city was colloquially known in Chinese as the Dongkou (“Eastern Entry”) into Hebei from Inner

Kalgoorlie-Boulder: …is now known as the Kalgoorlie Super Pit, one of the world’s largest open-cut mines.

Kalgoorlie-Boulder, city, south-central Western Australia. Formed by the administrative merger of the neighbouring towns of Boulder and Kalgoorlie in 1989, it is the principal settlement of the East Coolgardie goldfield, on the western fringe of the Nullarbor Plain and the Great Victoria Desert.

Rajatarangini: …verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition.

Calah, ancient Assyrian city situated south of Mosul in northern Iraq. The city was first excavated by A.H. (later Sir Austen) Layard during 1845–51 and afterward principally by M.E.L. (later Sir Max) Mallowan (1949–58). Founded in the 13th century bce by Shalmaneser I, Calah remained unimportant

Kali, in Hinduism, goddess of time, doomsday, and death, or the black goddess (the feminine form of Sanskrit kala, “time-doomsday-death” or “black”). Kali’s iconography, cult, and mythology commonly associate her not only with death but also with disorder, sexuality, violence, and, paradoxically,

Kalibangan, ancient site of the Indus valley civilization, in northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The site contains both pre-Harappan and Harappan remains, and therein can be seen the transition between the two cultures. Although the pre-Harappan culture worked copper and produced

valley: …valley is that of the Kāli Gandaki River in Nepal. Lying between two 8,000-metre (26,000-foot) Himalayan peaks, Dhaulāgiri and Annapūrna, the valley has a total relief of six kilometres (four miles). Because the Himalayas are one of the Earth’s most active areas of tectonic uplift, this valley well illustrates the…

Sarda River, river of northern India and western Nepal. It rises as the Kali River in far northern Uttarakhand state in the Great Himalayas on the eastern slopes of the Nanda Devi massif. The river then flows generally south-southwest, where it constitutes the border between Uttarakhand state and

chronology: Eras based on astronomical speculation: …others, the Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali yugas. The respective durations of these four yugas were 1,728,000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432,000 years. According to the astronomer Aryabhata, however, the duration of each of the four yugas was the same—i.e., 1,080,000 years. The basic figures in these calculations were derived from the…

Kalibangan, ancient site of the Indus valley civilization, in northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The site contains both pre-Harappan and Harappan remains, and therein can be seen the transition between the two cultures. Although the pre-Harappan culture worked copper and produced

Ati-Atihan Festival: …prominently held every January in Kalibo, the capital of the Aklan province on Panay Island. The Ati-Atihan Festival honors the Santo Niño (the infant Jesus; Spanish: “Holy Child”) and also commemorates the island’s original inhabitants, the Atis. Ati-Atihan is Tagalog for “to be or act like Atis.” The festival comprises…

Ati-Atihan Festival, festival in the Philippines that blends local traditions with Christian themes. It is most prominently held every January in Kalibo, the capital of the Aklan province on Panay Island. The Ati-Atihan Festival honors the Santo Niño (the infant Jesus; Spanish: “Holy Child”) and

Madang: Kalibobo lighthouse at the harbour entrance commemorates New Guinea coast watchers who aided the Allies during World War II. Madang is connected by a coastal road to Bogia in the northwest and to Lae and other points southeast. Pop. (2004 est.) 36,000.

Kalidasa was a Sanskrit poet and dramatist, probably the greatest Indian writer of any epoch. The six works identified as genuine are the dramas Abhijnanashakuntala (“The Recognition of Shakuntala”), Vikramorvashi (“Urvashi Won by Valour”), and Malavikagnimitra (“Malavika and Agnimitra”); the epic

Kalidasa was a Sanskrit poet and dramatist, probably the greatest Indian writer of any epoch. The six works identified as genuine are the dramas Abhijnanashakuntala (“The Recognition of Shakuntala”), Vikramorvashi (“Urvashi Won by Valour”), and Malavikagnimitra (“Malavika and Agnimitra”); the epic

Kālīghāṭ painting, short-lived style of watercolour painting produced in the 19th century in India by artists in the Calcutta marketplace for sale to pilgrims visiting the Kālīghāṭ temple. The style is characterized by broad sweeping brush lines, bold colours, and simplification of forms suitable

Mongolian alphabet, writing system of the Mongolian people of north-central Asia, derived from the Uyghur alphabet c. 1310 (see Uyghur language), and somewhat influenced by the Tibetan script. Both the Uyghur and the Tibetan scripts had been in use by the Mongolians prior to the development of the

Kolkata, city, capital of West Bengal state, and former capital (1772–1911) of British India. It is one of India’s largest cities and one of its major ports. The city is centred on the east bank of the Hugli (Hooghly) River, once the main channel of the Ganges (Ganga) River, about 96 miles (154 km)

Spanish literature: The beginnings of prose: …(1251) of the beast fable Kalīlah wa Dimnah exemplifies early storytelling in Spanish. A romance of the Seven Sages, the Sendebar, was translated likewise through Arabic, with other collections of Eastern stories.

comic strip: Comics in Latin America: …Mexicans were more attracted to Kalimán, an asexual superhero known throughout Latin America. The story of Kalimán started in 1963 as a radio serial, and two years later it was made into a comic book, reaching 1.5 to 3.5 million copies, or 3 to 7 percent of the Mexican public,…

Kalimantan, southern three-fourths of the island of Borneo that is politically part of Indonesia; the rest of the island is divided between the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak and, between them, the sultanate of Brunei. Indonesians, however, use the word as a geographic term for the entire

West Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), western Borneo, Indonesia. It is bounded by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak to the north, by the Indonesian provinces of East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) to the northeast and Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) to the southeast, and by the

South Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), southeastern Borneo, Indonesia. It is bounded by the Makassar Strait on the east, the Java Sea on the south, and the provinces of Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) on the west and East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) on the north. It includes

Central Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), south-central Borneo, Indonesia, bounded by the provinces of East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) to the north and northeast and South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan) to the southeast, by the Java Sea to the south, and by the province of West

East Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), east-central Borneo, Indonesia. It is bounded by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak to the northwest, by the Celebes Sea to the northeast and the Makassar Strait to the southeast, and by the Indonesian provinces of North Kalimantan (Kalimantan

North Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), northeast Borneo, Indonesia. It is bounded by the East Malaysian states of Sarawak to the west and Sabah to the north, by the Celebes Sea to the east, and by the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) to the south. North

mbira, plucked idiophone (instrument whose sounding parts are resonant solids belonging to the body of the instrument itself)—or more specifically, a lamellaphone—that is unique to Africa and widely distributed throughout the continent. The mbira consists of a series of tuned metal or bamboo

Kálymnos, mountainous Greek island and dímos (municipality) in the Aegean Sea, part of the Dodecanese (Modern Greek: Dodekánisa) group, 42 square miles (111 square km) in area. Along with other islands, it constitutes the perifereiakí enótita (regional unit) of Kálymnos in the South Aegean (Nótio

Kalimpong, town, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies in a valley amid rugged mountains, just east of the Tista River. The town, a hill station in the Siwalik (Shiwalik) Range, is linked by road with Darjiling (Darjeeling), Siliguri, and Baghdogra and is the terminus of

Native American music: Circum-Caribbean: Kalina, Waiwai, Patamona, and Wapishana. The little information available on their musics suggests that they differ in significant ways from other South American Indians. In particular, women from the circum-Caribbean area perform in collective rituals alongside men, sing their own repertories of ceremonial songs, and…

euro: Design of euro banknotes and coins: …were created by Austrian artist Robert Kalina, and later series incorporated enhanced security features, including a portrait of the ancient goddess Europa. Euro banknotes are issued in denominations ranging from €5 to €200. (The €500 banknote was last issued in 2019.)

Al Kaline was an American professional baseball player, an outfielder who was a preeminent fielder and hitter, batting and throwing right-handed. Kaline started playing sandlot baseball before he went to school. Many in his family had been in semiprofessional baseball. At first he wanted to be a

Al Kaline was an American professional baseball player, an outfielder who was a preeminent fielder and hitter, batting and throwing right-handed. Kaline started playing sandlot baseball before he went to school. Many in his family had been in semiprofessional baseball. At first he wanted to be a

Mindy Kaling is an American actress, comedian, and author known for her offbeat humor, which she put on display in such projects as the television show The Mindy Project (2012–17). Kaling is the daughter of Indian immigrants. Her father, an architect, and her mother, an obstetrician-gynecologist,

Kalinga, ancient territorial subdivision of east-central India. It corresponds to present-day northern Telangana, northeastern Andhra Pradesh, most of Odisha, and a portion of Madhya Pradesh states. Strictly, Kalinga stretched no farther south than the Godavari River, thus excluding Vengi (the

Tver, city and administrative centre of Tver oblast (region), western Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the upper Volga and Tvertsa rivers. The first mention of Tver dates from 1134–35, when it was subject to Novgorod. It became part of the Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal in 1209, and in

Tver, oblast (region), western Russia. It extends from the morainic Valdai Hills in the southwest, across the broad, swampy plain of the upper Volga River, to the shore of the huge Rybinsk Reservoir in the northeast. The Valdai Hills have scores of lakes and many areas of swamp. The chief cities in

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin was a communist leader and statesman who was the formal head of the Soviet state from 1919 until 1946. A peasant by birth, Kalinin became an industrial worker in the city of St. Petersburg in 1893, joined the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party in 1898, and became one

Moscow: The inner city: …1960s a new radial street, Kalinina, was built through an area of older housing westward from the Kremlin to the Moscow River; it is lined by high-rise office and apartment buildings, linked at street and second-floor levels by a shopping mall. At its outer end rises a lofty three-winged building…

Korolyov, city, Moscow oblast (region), Central federal district, western Russia. It lies just northeast of the city of Moscow. The area, known as Kalininsky, developed after 1928 as an industrial satellite, particularly for weapons manufacture, and dormitory town of the capital. It achieved city

Kaliningrad, oblast (region), extreme western Russia. Most of the oblast is in the basin of the Pregolya River and its tributaries. Centred on Kaliningrad city, it was formed in 1945 from the northern half of German East Prussia, which was ceded to the U.S.S.R. by the Potsdam agreement of that

Kaliningrad, city, seaport, and administrative centre of Kaliningrad oblast (region), Russia. Detached from the rest of the country, the city is an exclave of the Russian Federation. Kaliningrad lies on the Pregolya River just upstream from Frisches Lagoon. Formerly the capital of the dukes of

kaliophilite, variety of the mineral nepheline

mahzor: …such celebrated medieval poets as Eleazar Kalir abound in the Ashkenazi mahzor but do not appear in Sephardic festive liturgies, which draw on the compositions of the great Spanish poets. Local ritual differences have given rise to somewhat different mahzorim within both the Ashkenazi and the Sephardic rites.

Johann Yorck, count von Wartenburg: …Frederick William III signed the Treaty of Kalisch (Feb. 28, 1813), which justified Yorck’s action and brought Prussia into the Allied camp. In the subsequent campaigns, Yorck distinguished himself again and was created Graf von Wartenburg in 1814. He remained in the army after the conclusion of peace.

Sophie Tucker was an American singer whose 62-year stage career included American burlesque, vaudeville, and nightclub and English music hall appearances. Born somewhere in Russia as her mother was on her way to join her father in the United States, Sophie Kalish grew up in Boston and then in

René Kalisky was a Belgian writer of Polish descent who is best known for the plays he wrote in the last 12 years of his life. Kalisky, whose father was killed at Auschwitz, was himself hidden from harm during World War II. These wartime experiences enabled him to write powerfully on Jewish

Plateau Indian: Language: Nespelim, Spokan, Kalispel, Pend d’Oreille, Coeur d’Alene, and Flathead peoples. Some early works incorrectly denote all Salishan groups as “Flathead.”

Kalispell, city, seat (1894) of Flathead county, northwestern Montana, U.S. The city lies in the Flathead Valley near the head of Flathead Lake. It is the western gateway to Glacier National Park and headquarters of the Flathead National Forest. Named for the Kalispel Indians, a Salishan group, it

Kalisz, city, Wielkopolskie województwo (province), west-central Poland, situated on the Prosna River. The excavations of a prehistoric village and mention of the settlement as Calisia by the astronomer-geographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century ce are evidence of the town’s antiquity. A powerful castle

Poland: Social and economic developments: … granted to the Jews the Kalisz Privilege (1264), which provided personal freedom, some legal autonomy, and safeguards against forcible baptism.

Poland: Casimir the Great: …acquiring a larger part of Halicz, or Red, Ruthenia (the future eastern Galicia), which Hungary and Lithuania also coveted. That acquisition marked an expansion beyond ethnic Polish territory. Casimir’s international prestige was evidenced by his acting as arbiter between the Luxembourgs, the Angevins, and the Habsburgs and subsequently hosting an…

potassium (K), chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) of the periodic table, the alkali metal group, indispensable for both plant and animal life. Potassium was the first metal to be isolated by electrolysis, by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy, when he obtained the element (1807) by decomposing

Sedom: …the Palestine Potash Company at Kāliyā, at the northern end of the Dead Sea. There was no road connection to Sedom, and communication was by small boats on the Dead Sea. Early in the Arab-Israeli war of 1948–49, isolated Kāliyā fell to Transjordan’s Arab Legion, and Sedom was cut off…

eschatology: Religions of Asia: …disorder, decadence, and degeneration, the kaliyuga will, according to Hinduism, be brought to a close in a great conflagration. The consummation of the age will be accomplished by Kalki, the final avatar, or incarnation, of Vishnu, and will be followed by the creation of a new age, the Krita yuga,…

Toomas Hendrik Ilves: …president, Ilves was succeeded by Kersti Kaljulaid in October 2016.

During the first Mongol invasion of Russia (Kievan Rus), an army led by Jebei and Subutai defeated an alliance of Russian princes and the Cuman tribal group along the Kalka River (probably the modern Kalchik River in southeastern Ukraine, which flows into the Sea of Azov) on May 31, 1223. The

history of Central Asia: Creation of the Mongol empire: …at the battle of the Kalka, the Mongols did not make a definite thrust into eastern Europe until the winter of 1236–37. The fall of Kiev in December 1240—with incalculable consequences for Russian history—was followed by a Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241–42. Although victorious against the forces of King…

encyclopaedia: The Arab world: A third Egyptian, al-Qalqashandī (1355/56–1418), compiled a more important and well-organized encyclopaedia, Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā (“The Dawn for the Blind”), that covered geography, political history, natural history, zoology, mineralogy, cosmography, and time measurement. Al-Ibshīhī (1388–c. 1446) compiled a very individual encyclopaedia, the Mustaṭraf fī kull fann mustaẓraf (“A

Friedrich Kalkbrenner was a German-born French pianist, composer, and teacher whose compositions, mainly for piano, exhibit an emphasis on virtuosity. Educated at the Paris Conservatory from 1799 to 1801, Kalkbrenner went on to Vienna, studying with J.G. Albrechtsberger and Joseph Haydn between

Kalkin, final avatar (incarnation) of the Hindu god Vishnu, who is yet to appear. At the end of the present Kali yuga (age), when virtue and dharma have disappeared and the world is ruled by the unjust, Kalkin will appear to destroy the wicked and to usher in a new age. He will be seated on a white

South Asian arts: Tamil: …half of the 20th century, R. Krishnamurthy was an immensely popular writer. Under the pseudonym Kalki, he was an influential journalist who wrote voluminous historical romances.

Amitabh Bachchan: Return to stardom: …Part One: Shiva (2022) and Kalki 2898 AD (2024), both among the biggest hits of his career.

Kalkin, final avatar (incarnation) of the Hindu god Vishnu, who is yet to appear. At the end of the present Kali yuga (age), when virtue and dharma have disappeared and the world is ruled by the unjust, Kalkin will appear to destroy the wicked and to usher in a new age. He will be seated on a white

Shāhi Family: …his minister, a Brahman named Kallar. Kallar then usurped the throne and founded a new dynasty, the Hindu Shāhi, which ruled the area at the time of Maḥmūd’s invasion of India from Ghazna (modern Ghaznī, Afg.) in 1001. The Shāhis maintained a hopeless resistance against Maḥmūd’s forces but fell in…

Which Countries Have Had Women Leaders?: prime minister Estonia 2021 Kaja Kallas prime minister Ethiopia 2018 Sahle-Work Zewde president Faroe Islands 1993 Marita Petersen prime minister Finland 2000 Tarja Halonen president France

Bolivia: Education, health, and welfare: …rural areas, such as the Kallawaya communities of the Apolobamba range.

Benjamin Kállay was an Austro-Hungarian statesman who was concurrently imperial minister of finance and chief secretary for Bosnia for more than two decades (1882–1903). A lifelong student of the Balkans, Kállay first held office as consul general at Belgrade (1867). Several years later, he

Miklós Kállay was a politician who, as prime minister of Hungary in World War II, unsuccessfully attempted to extricate his country from the German alliance. Born of an old and influential family of local gentry, Kállay served first as lord lieutenant of his county (1921–29), moving later to the

basketball: The early years: At Iowa, H.F. Kallenberg, who had attended Springfield in 1890, wrote Naismith for a copy of the rules and also presented the game to his students. At Springfield, Kallenberg met Amos Alonzo Stagg, who became athletic director at the new University of Chicago in 1892. The first…

Dimítrios Kallérgis was a statesman prominent in the early years of Greek independence. In September 1843, antagonistic to the rule of King Otto I, Kallérgis, then a colonel, led a revolt that caused Otto to dismiss his Bavarian administration and to adopt a new, more liberal constitution (1844).

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Karnataka: The Kalleśvara temple at Kukkanūr (late 10th century) and a large Jaina temple at Lakkundi (c. 1050–1100) clearly demonstrate the transition. The superstructures, though basically of the South Indian type, have offsets and recesses that tend to emphasize a vertical, upward movement. The Lakkundi temple is…

Callicrates was an Athenian architect who designed the Temple of Athena Nike on the Athenian Acropolis and, with Ictinus, the Parthenon. It is known from an inscription of 449 bc (the year of the signing of peace with Persia) that the Senate commissioned Callicrates to construct a temple to Athena

renal system: The role of hormones in renal function: …of blood vessels, the enzyme kallikrein, may also exert an influence on renal blood flow. Kallikrein is secreted by renal tubules and is added to the urine in the distal tubules. It activates the conversion of kininogen to bradykinin, which is also a powerful vasodilator. Bradykinin is inactivated by a…

Callinicus Of Heliopolis was an architect who is credited with the invention of Greek fire, a highly incendiary liquid that was projected from “siphons” to enemy ships or troops and was almost impossible to extinguish. Born in Syria, Callinicus was a Jewish refugee who was forced to flee the Arabs

Calliope, in Greek mythology, according to Hesiod’s Theogony, foremost of the nine Muses; she was later called the patron of epic poetry. At the behest of Zeus, the king of the gods, she judged the dispute between the goddesses Aphrodite and Persephone over Adonis. In most accounts she and King

W. H. Auden: Life: With Chester Kallman, an American poet and close friend who lived with him for more than 20 years, he rehabilitated the art of the opera libretto. Their best-known collaborations are The Rake’s Progress (1951), for Igor Stravinsky; Elegy for Young Lovers (1961) and The Bassarids (1966),…

gonadotropin-releasing hormone: This disorder is called Kallmann syndrome and is usually caused by a mutation in a gene that directs the formation of the olfactory (sense of smell) system and the formation of parts of the hypothalamus. Abnormalities in the pulsatile secretion of GnRH result in subnormal fertility and abnormal or…

Karin Boye: …to accept her lesbianism, and Kallocain (1940; Eng. trans.,1940), which describes the insupportable oppression of a totalitarian society of the future. During World War II Karin Boye committed suicide.

Utpal Dutt: Political plays and controversies: …Party feared that his play Kallol (1963; “The Sound of Waves”) was provoking antigovernment protests in West Bengal, as the play slammed the party’s role in suppressing a mutiny by sailors of the Royal Indian Navy against the British in 1946. Dutt was arrested a second time, in 1967, for…

Bengali literature: Literary movements: The first of these was Kallol (“Wave”), which took place between 1923 and 1935 and was named for a magazine published during this time. The Kallol circle, which included Kazi Nazrul Islam and Premendra Mitra, was among the first to embrace modernism.