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  • History of the United States (work by Channing)

    Edward Channing: 
his New England bias, his History of the United States, 6 vol. (1905–25), ranks as a major accomplishment in American historical writing. The sixth volume was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History.

  • History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (work by Rhodes)

    James Ford Rhodes: 
his reputation as a historian—the History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. The seven volumes of this work appeared between 1893 and 1906 and were held in high esteem as “scientific” (i.e., objective and detached) historical scholarship. His insistence upon slavery as the cause of the war


  • History of the United States of America (work by Adams)

    Henry Adams: 
study culminated in his nine-volume History of the United States of America during the administrations of Jefferson and Madison, a scholarly work that received immediate acclaim after its publication (1889–91). In this work he explored the dilemma of governing an egalitarian society in a political world in which the predominant


  • History of the War in the North Against the Chief Heke, The (work by Maning)

    Frederick Maning: His account of the campaign, The History of the War in the North Against the Chief Heke, was published in 1862.

  • History of the War in the Peninsula (work by Napier)

    Sir William Francis Patrick Napier: He wrote the popular History of the War in the Peninsula
, 6 vol. (1828–40), based partly on his own combat experiences and partly on information supplied by two commanders in that conflict, the Duke of Wellington and the French Marshal Nicolas-Jean de Dieu Soult.

  • History of the Winter Olympic Games in Pictures

    “You had to see it to believe it!” That refrain has echoed through descriptions of Olympic competition for more than a century. From the first Winter Olympic Games in 1924 to the present, athletes have tested the limits of balance, speed, and endurance on snow and ice, captivating audiences that

  • History of the Work of Redemption, A (work by Edwards)

    Jonathan Edwards: Pastorate at Stockbridge: 
books on other subjects, notably A History of the Work of Redemption (he had preached a series of sermons—posthumously published—on that subject in 1739), which was to be a complete theology combining biblical, historical, and systematic materials “in an entire new method.” Late in 1757, however, he accepted the presidency


  • History of the World Conqueror, A (work by JoveynÄ«)

    ÊżAáč­Ä Malek JoveynÄ«: 
opus, the TārÄ«kh-i jehān-gushā (A History of the World Conqueror, 2 vol., 1958), is one of the most important works of Persian historiography. Begun in 1252–53, the history includes sections on the Mongols’ two principal Muslim enemies, the Khwārezm-Shāhs (995–1231) and the IsmÄÊżÄ«lÄ«s of AlamĆ«t (1090–1256), as well as


  • History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters, A (novel by Barnes)

    Julian Barnes: Novels and short stories: Barnes’s later novels include A History of the World in 10 1 2 Chapters (1989), Talking It Over (1991), The Porcupine (1992), and Cross Channel (1996). In the satirical England, England (1998), Barnes skewers modern England in his portrayal of a theme park on the Isle of Wight, complete


  • History of the World, Part 1 (film by Brooks [1981])

    Mel Brooks: Films of the 1980s and 1990s: 
films, including Kahn and Caesar, History of the World—Part I (1981) was poorly received by most critics and at the box office. Similarly disappointing were Spaceballs (1987), a takeoff on the Star Wars series, and Life Stinks (1991). Brooks then directed Robin Hood: Men in Tights (1993), a send-up of


  • History of the World, The (work by Raleigh)

    biography: Renaissance: 
in the introduction to his History of the World (1614): “Whosoever, in writing a modern history, shall follow truth too near the heels, it may haply strike out his teeth”—as Sir John Hayward could testify, having been imprisoned in the Tower of London because his account (1599) of Richard II’s


  • History of the World, The (work by MĂŒller)

    Johannes von MĂŒller: ; The History of the World), is indebted to the historical outlook of the Enlightenment but points forward to Leopold von Ranke in its religious conception. In FĂŒrstenbund (1787; “League of Princes”) and Reisen der PĂ€pste (1782; “Travels of the Popes”), which are political journalism, MĂŒller


  • History of the Worthies of England (work by Fuller)

    Thomas Fuller: His History of the Worthies of England, published posthumously in 1662, was the first attempt at a dictionary of national biography. He was also a historian who gathered facts from original sources, producing works that provide much valuable antiquarian information. He acquired a reputation for quaintness


  • History of Titus Andronicus, The (English chapbook)

    Titus Andronicus: 
important, an 18th-century chapbook titled The History of Titus Andronicus, though clearly too late to have served as Shakespeare’s source, may well have been derived from a closely similar prose version that Shakespeare could have known.

  • History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, The (novel by Fielding)

    Tom Jones, comic novel by Henry Fielding, published in 1749. Tom Jones, like its predecessor, Joseph Andrews, is constructed around a romance plot. Squire Allworthy suspects that the infant whom he adopts and names Tom Jones is the illegitimate child of his servant Jenny Jones. When Tom is a young

  • History of Trade Unionism, The (work by Webb)

    Sidney and Beatrice Webb: Their work after marriage.: 
were the great twin volumes The History of Trade Unionism (1894) and Industrial Democracy (1897). In these books the Webbs, in effect, introduced the economists and social historians of Britain to a part of British social life of which they had hitherto been unaware. The work that followed extended into


  • History of Trick-or-Treating

    Every October 31 millions of children and teenagers put on costumes and go door-to-door, shouting a familiar demand: “Trick or treat!” This has become one of Halloween’s most popular traditions. But have you ever wondered how trick-or-treating started? We take a look at its long—and often

  • History of Two Nations (work by Bainville)

    Jacques Bainville: 
and Germany; notable is his Histoire de deux peuples (1915; “History of Two Nations”), an anti-German work dealing with the recurrent German invasions of France. In 1920 he published Les ConsĂ©quences politiques de la paix (1920; “The Political Consequences of the Peace”), in which he attacked the Treaty of Versailles


  • History of Tythes (work by Selden)

    John Selden: Selden’s History of Tythes (1618), although conceding the legal right of the Church of England to collect tithes, denied divine authority for the practice. The book was suppressed, and the Privy Council forced the author to recant. Twice he was imprisoned for taking the side of


  • History of U.S. Land Acquisitions

    Over the course of a little more than a century, the United States transformed from a young republic along the Atlantic seaboard into a continental—and overseas—power through westward expansion and territorial additions. The map and table below reveal the monumental impact of seven major land

  • History of Violence, A (film by Cronenberg [2005])

    David Cronenberg: Later films: A History of Violence and Eastern Promises: A History of Violence (2005), based on a graphic novel, starred Viggo Mortensen as a small-town family man who, after committing a heroic deed, is confronted with his shady past. The suspenseful drama was one of the best-regarded works of the director’s career. Cronenberg worked


  • History of Violence, A (graphic novel by Wagner)

    DC Comics: Vertigo and continuity reboots: 
Piranha, it published John Wagner’s A History of Violence (1997) and Road to Perdition (1998) by writer Max Allan Collins and artist Richard Piers Rayner. Both graphic novels were later adapted into award-winning motion pictures. Far more enduring was DC’s Vertigo imprint, which began in 1993 as a home for


  • History of Western Philosophy, A (work by Russell)

    Bertrand Russell: 
the foundation into a book, A History of Western Philosophy (1945), which proved to be a best-seller and was for many years his main source of income.

  • History of Woman Suffrage (American publication)

    History of Woman Suffrage, publication that appeared, over the course of some 40 years, in six volumes and nearly 6,000 pages chronicling the American woman suffrage movement in great, but incomplete, detail. It consists of speeches and other primary documents, letters, and reminiscences, as well

  • History of Women in the U.S. Congress

    This infographic highlights 10 Congresses that are notable in the history of women’s fight for equal representation in the United States. Spotlight, women, U.S. Congress, Senate, House of Representatives, Nineteenth Amendment, Nancy Pelosi, elections, gender parity, Jeanette Rankin, Rebecca Latimer

  • history play (literature)

    chronicle play, drama with a theme from history consisting usually of loosely connected episodes chronologically arranged. Plays of this type typically lay emphasis on the public welfare by pointing to the past as a lesson for the present, and the genre is often characterized by its assumption of a

  • history, philosophy of

    philosophy of history, the study either of the historical process and its development or of the methods used by historians to understand their material. The term history may be employed in two quite different senses: it may mean (1) the events and actions that together make up the human past, or

  • History: A Novel (work by Morante)

    Elsa Morante: The novel La storia (1974; History: A Novel) met with mixed critical reaction, but it achieved commercial success. Set primarily in Rome between 1941 and 1947, its focus is the arduous existence of a simple, half-Jewish elementary school teacher and her young son, Useppe, born after she is raped by


  • HIStory: Past, Present, and Future, Book One (album by Jackson)

    Michael Jackson: The King of Pop: In 1995 he released HIStory: Past, Present, and Future, Book I, which featured a combination of hits and new songs, including the number-one ballad “You Are Not Alone” and “Scream,” a duet with his sister Janet. Two years later the Jackson 5 were inducted into the Rock and Roll


  • History: The Home Movie (work by Raine)

    English literature: Poetry: 
narrative genre was Craig Raine’s History: The Home Movie (1994), a huge semifictionalized saga, written in three-line stanzas, chronicling several generations of his and his wife’s families. Before this, three books of dazzling virtuosity (The Onion, Memory [1978], A Martian Sends a Postcard Home [1979], and Rich [1984]) established Raine


  • Histosol (FAO soil group)

    Histosol, one of the 30 soil groups in the classification system of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Histosols are low-density, acidic soils with a high proportion of organic material. Formed mainly in cold climates and under waterlogged conditions, they are the most common soil in

  • Histosol (soil)

    Histosol, one of the 12 soil orders in the U.S. Soil Taxonomy. Histosols are formed under waterlogged conditions typical of peat bogs, moors, and swamps. Under such conditions, the accumulated tissues of dead plants and animals and their decomposition products are preserved, resulting in soils of

  • histotoxic hypoxia (medical condition)

    hypoxia: 
unevenly distributed; and (4) the histotoxic type, in which the tissue cells are poisoned and are therefore unable to make proper use of oxygen. Diseases of the blood, the heart and circulation, and the lungs may all produce some form of hypoxia.

  • Histrio histrio (fish)

    frogfish: The sargassum fish (Histrio histrio) is patterned very much like the sargassum weed in which it lives.

  • Histrio Mastix: The Players Scourge, or, Actors tragoedie (work by Prynne)

    William Prynne: In his famous book Histrio Mastix: The Players Scourge, or, Actors tragoedie (1633), he tried to prove that stage plays provoked public immorality. Many believed his vigorous denunciation of actresses was directed at Charles I’s theatrically inclined wife, and the powerful Anglican William Laud (archbishop of Canterbury 1633–45) had


  • Histrio-mastix (work by Marston)

    John Marston: 
writing for the theatre, producing Histrio-mastix (published in 1610), probably for performance at the Middle Temple. In his character Chrisoganus, a “Master Pedant” and “translating scholler,” the audience was able to recognize the learned Ben Jonson. A brief, bitter literary feud developed between Marston and Jonson—part of “the war of


  • histrionic personality disorder (psychology)

    personality disorder: Persons with histrionic personality disorder persistently display overly dramatic, highly excitable, and intensely expressed behaviour (i.e., histrionics). Persons with dependent personality disorder lack energy and initiative and passively let others assume responsibility for major aspects of their lives. Persons with passive-aggressive personality disorder express their hostility through


  • Histriophoca fasciata (mammal)

    ribbon seal, (Histriophoca fasciata), earless seal of the family Phocidae found in the North Pacific and the Bering Sea. The male, growing to about 1.7 m (5.6 feet) in length and 95 kg (210 pounds) in weight, is dark brown with broad, yellowish, ribbonlike markings. The smaller female and the young

  • HÄ«t (ancient city, Iraq)

    history of Mesopotamia: The background: There are bitumen springs at HÄ«t (90 miles northwest of Baghdad) on the Euphrates (the Is of Herodotus). On the other hand, wood, stone, and metal were rare or even entirely absent. The date palm—virtually the national tree of Iraq—yields a wood suitable only for rough beams and not for


  • hit (baseball)

    Pete Rose: MLB career: 
where he made his record-breaking hit in 1985 as player-manager of the Reds. By the time he retired as a player in 1986, Rose had a record career total of 4,256 hits. His other records included most games played, 3,562; most times at bat, 14,053; and most seasons with 200


  • Hit and Run (film by Shepard and Palmer [2012])

    Bradley Cooper: 
followed, notably in Limitless (2011), Hit and Run (2012), and The Place Beyond the Pines (2012).

  • hit and span (game)

    marble: In hit and span, players try to shoot or roll marbles either against an opponent’s marbles or a hand’s span from them. In various pot games (a pot is a small hole in the ground), including moshie, the player tries to pitch his own marbles or


  • Hit Man (film by Linklater [2023])

    Richard Linklater: Later films: Hit Man: For his next movie, Hit Man (2023), Linklater earned widespread acclaim. The screwball comedy starred Glen Powell as a professional killer.

  • Hit Me Hard and Soft (album by Eilish)

    Billie Eilish: Hit Me Hard and Soft: 
released her third studio album, Hit Me Hard and Soft. Critics praised its female-centric songs, such as the provocative lesbian anthem “Lunch.” Later in the year Eilish began a world concert tour and was honored with several Grammy nominations for Hit Me Hard and Soft. In 2026 the single “Wildflower”


  • hit wicket (cricket)

    cricket: Methods of dismissal: The batsman is out “hit wicket” if he breaks his own wicket with his bat or any part of his person while playing the ball or setting off for a run. Either batsman is out for handling the ball if, with the hand not holding the bat, he willfully


  • hit-and-run tactics (military)

    guerrilla warfare: Strategy and tactics: Hit-and-run tactics on a broad front cut communication, eventually causing enemy garrisons to wither on the vine. By war’s end the Arabs had gained control of some 100,000 square miles while holding 600,000 Ottoman soldiers in passive defense. Arabs had killed or wounded 35,000 enemy


  • Hita (Japan)

    Hita, city, northwestern ƌita ken (prefecture), north-central Kyushu, Japan. It lies on the Mikuma River in the centre of the Hita plateau. Hita grew as a castle town in the late 16th century, and it retains many buildings dating from the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867). It is now a market for

  • Hitachi (Japan)

    Hitachi, city, northeastern Ibaraki ken (prefecture), northeastern Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Pacific Ocean coast, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Kitaibaraki. The area’s industrial development began with the discovery of copper nearby in 1591. Large-scale copper smelting was introduced

  • Hitachi, Ltd. (Japanese manufacturer)

    Hitachi, Ltd., highly diversified Japanese manufacturing corporation that comprises more than 1,000 subsidiaries, including 335 overseas corporations. Headquarters are in Tokyo. Hitachi’s story begins in 1910 with its founder, Odaira Namihei, operating an electrical repair shop at a copper mine

  • Hitachinaka (Japan)

    Hitachinaka, city, eastern Ibaraki ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. It extends eastward from the Naka River to the Pacific Ocean, just east of Mito, the prefectural capital. The city was formed in 1994 by the merger of the former city of Katsuta with the smaller Nakaminato. For several

  • hitatare (Japanese dress)

    dress: Japan: The hitatare, the formal court robe of samurai, and the suo, a crested linen robe designed for everyday wear, were characterized by V-shaped necklines accentuated by inner-robe neckbands of white.

  • Hitch (film by Tennant [2005])

    Kevin James: Film roles: Paul Blart: Mall Cop, Grown Ups, and Becky: 
the Will Smith romantic comedy Hitch (2005) and opposite Adam Sandler in the buddy comedy I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry (2007). James had his first leading film role, as a hapless security guard, in the comedy Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009), which showcased his physical comedy skills in


  • hitch kick (sports)

    long jump: 
toward the chest, and the hitch kick, which is in effect a continuation of the run in the air. The legs are brought together for landing, and, since the length of the jump is measured from the edge of the takeoff board to the nearest mark in the landing area


  • Hitch-22 (work by Hitchens)

    Christopher Hitchens: Move to the right and health issues: His memoir, Hitch-22, was published in 2010; during the book tour, Hitchens announced that he had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. While undergoing treatment, he continued to make public appearances, during which he discussed his condition and frequently reiterated his religious disbelief in response to suggestions of


  • Hitch-Hiker, The (film by Lupino [1953])

    Ida Lupino: Directing: 
masterpiece, the grim film noir The Hitch-Hiker, which was 71 minutes of unabated tension. It centres on two friends (Frank Lovejoy and Edmond O’Brien) who, while on a fishing trip, pick up a stranded man (William Talman) only to discover that he is a psychopath wanted for murder. The film


  • Hitchcock (film by Gervasi [2012])

    Toni Collette: 
personal assistant in the biographical Hitchcock (2012).

  • Hitchcock, Albert Spear (American botanist)

    Albert Spear Hitchcock was a U.S. botanist and specialist on the taxonomy of the world’s grasses who developed the practice of using type specimens (or holotypes) for plant nomenclature. During his student days at Iowa State Agricultural College, Hitchcock was greatly influenced by Charles E.

  • Hitchcock, Alfred (English-born American director)

    Alfred Hitchcock was an English-born American motion-picture director whose suspenseful films and television programs won immense popularity and critical acclaim over a long and tremendously productive career. His films are marked by a macabre sense of humor and a somewhat bleak view of the human

  • Hitchcock, Ethan Allen (American businessman and public official)

    U.S. Bureau of Reclamation: 
in 1902 by Interior Secretary Ethan Allen Hitchcock in the administration of President Theodore Roosevelt to provide irrigation water in order to “reclaim” unusably arid land for human benefit. It was initially called the U.S. Reclamation Service but was renamed the Bureau of Reclamation in 1923. It is best known


  • Hitchcock, Gilbert (United States senator)

    League of Nations: The Covenant: Gilbert Hitchcock of Nebraska, urging loyal Democrats to vote against Lodge’s reservations. The next day, loyal Democrats joined those who were irreconcilably opposed to the treaty to defeat ratification of it with Lodge’s reservations. For the next vote, on the question of ratification without reservations,


  • Hitchcock, Henry-Russell (American architect)

    Philip Johnson: With Henry-Russell Hitchcock he wrote The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 (1932), which provided a description of (and also a label for) post-World War I modern architecture. In 1940 Johnson returned to Harvard (B.Arch., 1943), where he studied architecture with Marcel Breuer. His real mentor, however,


  • Hitchcock, Ken (Canadian hockey coach)

    St. Louis Blues: 
team brought in head coach Ken Hitchcock 14 games into the 2011–12 season, and the Blues rallied behind the new leadership, winning 49 games and capturing the franchise’s first division title in 14 years. However, postseason success continued to elude the team as the Blues lost in the second round


  • Hitchcock, Sir Alfred (English-born American director)

    Alfred Hitchcock was an English-born American motion-picture director whose suspenseful films and television programs won immense popularity and critical acclaim over a long and tremendously productive career. His films are marked by a macabre sense of humor and a somewhat bleak view of the human

  • Hitchcock, Thomas, Jr. (American polo player)

    Thomas Hitchcock, Jr. was an American polo player, generally considered the greatest in the history of the sport. The son of an outstanding player, Hitchcock achieved a 10-goal rating (the highest awarded) in 18 of the 19 seasons from 1922 through 1940. He was a member of four U.S. National Open

  • Hitchens, Christopher (British American author and critic)

    Christopher Hitchens was a British American author, critic, and bon vivant whose trenchant polemics on politics and religion positioned him at the forefront of public intellectual life in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Hitchens was a vocal atheist, and one of his best-known works is God Is

  • Hitchens, Christopher Eric (British American author and critic)

    Christopher Hitchens was a British American author, critic, and bon vivant whose trenchant polemics on politics and religion positioned him at the forefront of public intellectual life in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Hitchens was a vocal atheist, and one of his best-known works is God Is

  • Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The (film by Jennings [2005])

    John Malkovich: Film and television work: Among them are The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (2005), Eragon (2006), Burn After Reading (2008), Red (2010), and Secretariat (2010). In addition, he produced, directed, and/or acted in a number of stage productions during this time. In 2016 he wrote an experimental film called 100 Years, which


  • Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The (novel by Adams)

    The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, the first book (1979) in the highly popular series of comic science fiction novels by British writer Douglas Adams. The saga mocks modern society with humour and cynicism and has as its hero a hapless, deeply ordinary Englishman (Arthur Dent) who unexpectedly

  • Hitching a Ride

    Numerous plants depend on animal dispersers to transport seeds either internally or externally. Birds generally disperse seeds internally by eating the fruits, which are often small and red and the numerous seeds of which easily pass through the birds’ digestive systems. Some seeds actually have

  • Hitchings, George Herbert (American scientist)

    George Herbert Hitchings was an American pharmacologist who, along with Gertrude B. Elion and Sir James W. Black, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1988 for their development of drugs that became essential in the treatment of several major diseases. Hitchings received his

  • Hite Report on Male Sexuality, The (work by Hite)

    The Hite Report: The Hite Report on Male Sexuality (1981) recounted the results of about 7,200 questionnaires completed by men. In 1987 Hite published an update of her first study, The Hite Report on Women and Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress, the content again culled from questionnaires.


  • Hite Report on Women and Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress, The (work by Hite)

    The Hite Report: 
update of her first study, The Hite Report on Women and Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress, the content again culled from questionnaires. That book’s revelation that 98 percent of American women found their sex lives lacking stirred controversy once again and brought Hite renewed notoriety. In The Hite Report


  • Hite Report, The (work by Hite)

    The Hite Report, publication by feminist Shere Hite in 1976 that, while flawed in its handling of statistics, challenged numerous accepted notions about female sexuality. The 478-page book contains the self-reported results of about 3,000 of 100,000 questionnaires Hite distributed to women ranging

  • Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality, The (work by Hite)

    The Hite Report, publication by feminist Shere Hite in 1976 that, while flawed in its handling of statistics, challenged numerous accepted notions about female sexuality. The 478-page book contains the self-reported results of about 3,000 of 100,000 questionnaires Hite distributed to women ranging

  • Hite, Shere (German-American writer and sexologist)

    The Hite Report: 
Hite Report, publication by feminist Shere Hite in 1976 that, while flawed in its handling of statistics, challenged numerous accepted notions about female sexuality.

  • HiTech (computer)

    chess: Computer chess: In 1988 a computer, HiTech, developed at Carnegie Mellon University, defeated a grandmaster, Arnold Denker, in a short match. In the same year another Carnegie Mellon program, Deep Thought, defeated a top-notch grandmaster, Bent Larsen, in a tournament game.

  • HITECH Act (United States [2009])

    electronic health record: Implementation of EHRs: The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is the primary financial driving force for EHR implementation in the United States. Passed in 2009 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the HITECH Act creates financial incentives for providers participating in


  • Hitler Diaries (diaries attributed to Hitler)

    Hitler Diaries, a 60-volume set of diaries, attributed to Adolf Hitler, at the center of one of the greatest hoaxes of modern times. The diaries had actually been produced between 1981–83 by forger Konrad Kujau, who posed as a Stuttgart antiques dealer named Konrad Fischer, and who had previously

  • Hitler Youth (Nazi organization)

    Hitler Youth, organization set up by Adolf Hitler in 1933 for educating and training male youth in Nazi principles. Under the leadership of Baldur von Schirach, head of all German youth programs, the Hitler Youth included by 1935 almost 60 percent of German boys. On July 1, 1936, it became a state

  • Hitler’s Madman (film by Sirk [1943])

    Douglas Sirk: Hollywood films of the 1940s: The first was Hitler’s Madman (1943), an effective low-budget thriller about Gestapo commander Reinhard Heydrich (played by John Carradine) that was distributed by Metro Goldwyn Mayer; the second, Summer Storm (1944), was a sensitive adaptation of Anton Chekhov’s only full-length novel, The Shooting

  • Hitler’s war (1939–1945)

    World War II, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939–45. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of the disputes left unsettled by World War I. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—and

  • Hitler, Adolf (dictator of Germany)

    Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party (from 1920/21) and chancellor (Kanzler) and FĂŒhrer of Germany (1933–45). His worldview revolved around two concepts: territorial expansion and racial supremacy. Those themes informed his decision to invade Poland, which marked the start of World War II,

  • Hitler, Alois (father of Adolf Hitler)

    Adolf Hitler: Hitler’s father, Alois (born 1837), was illegitimate. For a time he bore his mother’s name, Schicklgruber, but by 1876 he had established his family claim to the surname Hitler. Adolf never used any other surname.

  • Hitler-Jugend (Nazi organization)

    Hitler Youth, organization set up by Adolf Hitler in 1933 for educating and training male youth in Nazi principles. Under the leadership of Baldur von Schirach, head of all German youth programs, the Hitler Youth included by 1935 almost 60 percent of German boys. On July 1, 1936, it became a state

  • Hitler-Stalin Pact (Germany-Soviet Union [1939])

    German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, (August 23, 1939), nonaggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union that was concluded only a few days before the beginning of World War II and which divided eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. The Soviet Union had been unable to

  • Hitlerian man (fascism)

    fascism: The new man: ” Fascists aimed to transform the ordinary man into the “new man,” a “virile” being who would put decadent bourgeoisie, cerebral Marxists, and “feminine” liberals to shame. The new man would be physically strong and morally “hard,” admiring what was forceful and vigorous and


  • Hitlerputsch (German history [1923])

    Beer Hall Putsch, abortive attempt by Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on November 8–9, 1923. The regime of the Weimar Republic was challenged from both right and left in Germany throughout the early 1920s, and there was widespread

  • Hitman’s Bodyguard, The (film by Hughes [2017])

    Salma Hayek: In the action comedies The Hitman’s Bodyguard (2017) and The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard (2021), Hayek played a woman married to an assassin. In 2023 she costarred with Channing Tatum in Magic Mike’s Last Dance, Steven Soderbergh’s dramedy about a male stripper.

  • Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard, The (film by Hughes [2021])

    Antonio Banderas: Later films: The Legend of Zorro and Pain and Glory: 
family comedy Dolittle (2020) and The Hitman’s Wife’s Bodyguard (2021), in which he was cast as a shipping tycoon. In addition, he starred with PenĂ©lope Cruz in Competencia oficial (2021; Official Competition), a satire about the making of a movie.

  • Hitman, the (American boxer)

    Thomas Hearns is an American boxer who became, in 1987, the first person to win world titles in four weight divisions. Renowned as a devastating puncher (rather than as a boxer who relied on textbook technique), Hearns ultimately won world titles in five weight classes (welterweight, light

  • Hito-no-michi (Japanese religion)

    Hito-no-michi, (Japanese: “Way of Man”), Japanese religious sect founded by Miki Tokuharu (1871–1938); it was revived in a modified form after World War II as PL Kyƍdan (q.v.; from the English words “perfect liberty” and a Japanese term for “church”). Hito-no-michi was a development of an earlier

  • hitogami (Japanese religion)

    hitogami, (Japanese: “man-god”), a way of distinguishing certain characteristics of Japanese religion by focusing on the close relationship between a deity and his transmitter, such as a seer or a shaman. The Japanese scholar Hori Ichiro contrasts hitogami as a religious system with the ujigami

  • Hitomi Kinue (Japanese athlete)

    Hitomi Kinue: A Strong Woman: The 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam were the first Olympiad in which women were allowed to compete in track and field, and only a limited number of women’s events were contested. Japan’s Hitomi Kinue was already an international star going into those Olympics, having won


  • Hitomi Kinue: A Strong Woman

    The 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam were the first Olympiad in which women were allowed to compete in track and field, and only a limited number of women’s events were contested. Japan’s Hitomi Kinue was already an international star going into those Olympics, having won two gold medals in the 1926

  • Hitopadesha (work by Narayana)

    Panchatantra: Translations, adaptations, and relevance: In India the Hitopadesha (“Good Advice”), composed by Narayana Pandit in the 12th century and circulated mostly in Bengal, appears to be an independent treatment of the Panchatantra material.

  • Hitotsubashi family (Japanese family)

    Tokugawa Yoshinobu: 
Nariaki, was adopted into the Hitotsubashi family, he greatly increased his chance to succeed to the shogunate. When the shogun Tokugawa Iesada died without heir in 1858, Nariaki attempted to push his son’s candidacy as a way of implementing his own reformist policies. A more moderate group prevailed, however, and


  • Hitsville (American corporation)

    Motown, recording company founded by Berry Gordy, Jr., in Detroit in January 1959 that became one of the most successful Black-owned businesses and one of the most influential independent record companies in American history. The company gave its name to the hugely popular style of soul music that

  • hitter (baseball)

    baseball: Play of the game: 
as home plate, where a batter, holding a formed stick (a bat), waits for him to throw a hard leather-covered ball. The goal of the batter is to hit the ball out of the reach of the fielders and eventually (most often with the help of hits by subsequent batters)


  • Hitting a New High (film by Walsh [1937])

    Raoul Walsh: Films of the 1930s: Hitting a New High (1937) and College Swing (1938) were also musical comedies, the former with Lily Pons, the latter with the formidable cast of George Burns and Gracie Allen, Bob Hope, Martha Raye, and Betty Grable.

  • Hittite (people)

    Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. Probably originating from the area beyond the Black Sea, the Hittites first occupied central Anatolia,