Victor Hugo: Early years (1802–30): …in an English translation as Hans of Iceland. The journalist Charles Nodier was enthusiastic about it and drew Hugo into the group of friends, all devotees of Romanticism, who met regularly at the Bibliothèque de L’Arsenal. While frequenting this literary circle, which was called the Cénacle, Hugo shared in launching…

Hans Zimmer is a German composer and producer known for scoring numerous award-winning films and soundtracks, including The Lion King (1994) and Dune: Part One (2021). He is widely regarded as one of Hollywood’s most innovative and prolific musical talents for his work not just in films but in

Clever Hans, a performing horse in Berlin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries celebrated for demonstrating remarkable intelligence. The feats performed by the horse were eventually explained as simple behavioral responses to subtle cues provided (perhaps unintentionally) by his handler. Since

Hanseatic League, organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. (Hanse was a medieval German word for “guild,” or

fat and oil processing: Extractors: …of the best, was the Bollman or Hansa-Mühle unit from Germany, in which solvent percolates through oilseed flakes contained in perforated baskets moving on an endless chain. After the extraction cycle is complete, the baskets of extracted flakes are dumped automatically and then refilled with fresh flakes to initiate another…

Kinoshita Keisuke: Hanasaku minato (1943; The Blossoming Port), his first independently directed film, was a major success. Three years later, Osone-ke no asa (1946; A Morning with the Osone Family) established his reputation as one of the most talented postwar directors. In two of his most popular films, Karumen kokyō…

Hansard, the official report of the debates of both houses of the British Parliament. The name and publication format were subsequently adopted by other Commonwealth countries. It is so called after the Hansards, a family of printers who began working with Parliament in the late 18th century. The

e-democracy: From community to politics: ’s Hansard Society conducted several experiments from the late 1990s, including a discussion on flood management, a pathbreaking forum on experiences of domestic violence involving more than 200 women in interactive discussion, and an online evidence and discussion forum on the 2002 draft Communications Bill. The…

Hansard: …family was first established by Luke Hansard, who was born at Norwich on July 5, 1752. After an apprenticeship to a Norwich printer, Hansard became a compositor at the printing office of John Hughs, printer to the House of Commons, in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London. In 1774 he was made…

Hansard: The eldest son, Thomas Curson Hansard (1776-1833), after some years in his father’s office, took over another printing business in 1805 and in 1823 established the Paternoster Row press. He was the first printer, and later publisher, of the unofficial series of Parliamentary Debates inaugurated by William Cobbett…

Lorraine Hansberry was an American playwright and civil rights activist whose play A Raisin in the Sun (1959) was the first drama by an African American woman to be produced on Broadway. Hansberry was the youngest of four children born to Carl Augustus Hansberry, a real estate broker who also

Theodor W. Hänsch is a German physicist who shared one-half of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physics with John L. Hall for their contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy, the use of lasers to determine the frequency (color) of light emitted by atoms and molecules. (The other half of the

Hanseatic League, organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. (Hanse was a medieval German word for “guild,” or

metalwork: Europe from the Middle Ages: …the basins are known as Hanseatic bowls. They are round, some being more convex than others; and the inside is engraved with scenes from classical mythology, with themes from the Old and New Testaments and the legends of the saints, or with allegorical figures personifying the virtues and the vices,…

Hanseatic League, organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. (Hanse was a medieval German word for “guild,” or

metalwork: Middle Ages: …to a group known as Hanseatic tankards. These tankards have a heavy-looking, potbellied body set on a shallow circular base and a slightly convex lid. They were used in the coastal regions of Germany—that is, along the North Sea and Baltic coasts—and also in the Low Countries and Scandinavia. These…

Hänsel and Gretel, opera by the German composer Engelbert Humperdinck (with a German libretto by his sister, Adelheid Wette) that premiered in Weimar, Germany, on December 23, 1893. Humperdinck, who began his career as an assistant to Richard Wagner, used Wagner’s harmonic techniques, although with

Today in History—December 20: “Hansel and Gretel” and the Gingerbread Boom: The tale of “Hansel and Gretel”—two starving children outsmarting a witch with a tasty home—remained mostly intact from the 1812 publication to later editions. Revisions hedged on whether it was the children’s mother or stepmother who twice abandons them in the woods, and the brothers added a fuzzy…

Hänsel and Gretel, opera by the German composer Engelbert Humperdinck (with a German libretto by his sister, Adelheid Wette) that premiered in Weimar, Germany, on December 23, 1893. Humperdinck, who began his career as an assistant to Richard Wagner, used Wagner’s harmonic techniques, although with

Timpanogos Cave National Monument: …three separate chambers—Timpanogos, Middle, and Hansen caves—that have been connected by man-made tunnels. The caves are noted for their pink and white, crystal-filigreed walls and their tinted, delicate helictite formations; stalactites, stalagmites, flowstones, and underground pools are also found in the cave. One of the stalactites (the Great Heart of…

leprosy, chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, the peripheral nerves (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord), and the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes. It is caused by the leprosy bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. Destruction of the peripheral nerves by the bacillus leads

leprosy, chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, the peripheral nerves (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord), and the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes. It is caused by the leprosy bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. Destruction of the peripheral nerves by the bacillus leads

Happening: Kaprow, Dick Higgins, and Al Hansen—all students at John Cage’s composition class at the New School for Social Research in New York City—performed Happenings and were associated with Fluxus, as were other artists, such as Wolf Vostell and Carolee Schneemann.

Alvin Harvey Hansen was an American economist noted for his strong and influential advocacy of the theories of John Maynard Keynes. Hansen was educated at Yankton College (B.A., 1910) and at the University of Wisconsin (Ph.D., 1918), where he studied under economists Richard T. Ely and John R.

leprosy: Transmission: In 1873, however, G.H. Armauer Hansen, a physician working in a leprosy hospital in Bergen, Norway, discovered the leprosy bacillus in a sample of tissue from one of his patients. Hansen was able to identify the organism under the microscope because its propensity to collect iron caused it…

Dr. Demento is an American radio broadcaster, record collector, and musicologist whose cult-favorite radio program, the Dr. Demento Show, aired from 1971 to 2010 and revitalized the appreciation of novelty music. Since 2010, the Dr. Demento Show has been produced as a weekly online-only program.

Beck is an American singer-songwriter who brought Bob Dylan’s embodiment of the hipster folk minstrel into the age of hip-hop and sampling. Beck had art in his genes: his family included a mother (Bibbe Hansen) with ties to Andy Warhol’s Factory, a musician father (David Campbell) who would go on

Western architecture: Scandinavia and Finland: The Danish architect Christian Frederik Hansen, a pupil of Harsdorff, turned the medieval and Baroque city of Copenhagen into a Neoclassical capital. He built the town hall, court house, and prison (1803–16) and the church of Our Lady (1810–29), with its Boullée-inspired interior. Schinkel’s example in Berlin was…

Emil Nolde was a German Expressionist painter, printmaker, and watercolourist known for his violent religious works and his foreboding landscapes. Born of a peasant family, the youthful Nolde made his living as a wood-carver. He was able to study art formally only when some of his early works were

Emile Christian Hansen was a Danish botanist who revolutionized the brewing industry by his discovery of a new method of cultivating pure strains of yeast. Hansen, who began his working life as a journeyman house painter, received a Ph.D. in 1877 from the University of Copenhagen. Two years later

leprosy: Transmission: In 1873, however, G.H. Armauer Hansen, a physician working in a leprosy hospital in Bergen, Norway, discovered the leprosy bacillus in a sample of tissue from one of his patients. Hansen was able to identify the organism under the microscope because its propensity to collect iron caused it…

H.C. Hansen was a politician and statesman who, as foreign minister and prime minister, led Denmark to a prominent position in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and guided the stabilization of Denmark’s post-World War II economy. Hansen became secretary of the Social Democratic Party’s

Western architecture: Scandinavia and Greece: …its most fitting civic expression: Hans Christian Hansen, a friend of Bindesbøll, excavated and restored the ancient Greek monuments on the Acropolis and built the University (1839–50). This crisp Ionic building eventually formed a group with the National Library and the Academy of Science, which were added from designs by…

H.C. Hansen was a politician and statesman who, as foreign minister and prime minister, led Denmark to a prominent position in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and guided the stabilization of Denmark’s post-World War II economy. Hansen became secretary of the Social Democratic Party’s

Jens Andersen Hansen was a journalist and politician, a leading 19th-century champion of Denmark’s peasantry. A self-educated shoemaker, Hansen became coeditor, with Rasmus Sørensen, of the peasant newspaper Almuevennen (“Friend of the Peasantry”) in 1842; he was sole editor from 1843 to 1856. A

Jeremy Hansen is a Canadian astronaut who, as a crew member of the Artemis II mission (April 1–10, 2026), became the first Canadian to travel to the Moon. Artemis II was his first spaceflight, and during the mission he and his crewmates set the record for the farthest distance traveled by humans in

Jeremy Hansen is a Canadian astronaut who, as a crew member of the Artemis II mission (April 1–10, 2026), became the first Canadian to travel to the Moon. Artemis II was his first spaceflight, and during the mission he and his crewmates set the record for the farthest distance traveled by humans in

Joseph Hansen was an American writer, author of a series of crime novels featuring the homosexual insurance investigator and detective Dave Brandstetter. Hansen, who also wrote under the pseudonyms Rose Brock and James Colton, began his career as an editor, novelist, and journalist in the 1960s. He

Lars Peter Hansen is an American economist who, with Eugene F. Fama and Robert J. Shiller, was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize for Economics. Hansen’s work had a significant impact across a wide range of fields within economics, including econometrics, macroeconomics, labour economics, and finance.

Martin Alfred Hansen was one of the most widely read Danish authors of his day. Hansen first was a farm worker and then became a teacher in the 1930s. From two early novels of social consciousness, Nu opgiver han (1935; “Now He Gives Up”) and Kolonien (1937; “The Colony”), he went on to write a

Martin Alfred Hansen was one of the most widely read Danish authors of his day. Hansen first was a farm worker and then became a teacher in the 1930s. From two early novels of social consciousness, Nu opgiver han (1935; “Now He Gives Up”) and Kolonien (1937; “The Colony”), he went on to write a

Peter Andreas Hansen was a Danish-born German astronomer whose most important work was the improvement of the theories and tables of the orbits of the principal bodies in the solar system. Hansen became director of the Seeberg Observatory, near Gotha, in 1825, and in 1857 a new observatory was

William Webster Hansen was an American physicist who contributed to the development of radar and is regarded as the founder of microwave technology. After earning a Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1933, Hansen began teaching there the next year. His early pioneering work in 1937 on microwave

Seoul, city and capital of South Korea (the Republic of Korea). It is located on the Han River (Han-gang) in the northwestern part of the country, with the city center some 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Yellow Sea (west). Seoul is the cultural, economic, and political center of South Korea.

Lübeck, city and major seaport, Schleswig-Holstein Land (state), northern Germany. It is located on the Trave and Wakenitz rivers, about 9 miles (14 km) from the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages it was one of the main commercial centres of northern Europe and the chief city of the Hanseatic League

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: …is called by geographers the Hanshin Industrial Zone; as a result of the expansion of the urban area along the Inland Sea and northeast toward the city of Kyōto, the region is now included in the larger Keihanshin Industrial Zone. Neither of these zones is a political entity, but the…

Central League: …consists of the Chūnichi Dragons, Hanshin Tigers, Hiroshima Tōyō Carp, Tokyo Yakult Swallows, Yokohama BayStars, and Yomiuri (Tokyo) Giants. The regular playing season culminates in the Japan Series, a seven-game series between the respective champion teams of the Pacific and Central leagues.

Kōbe earthquake of 1995, (Jan. 17, 1995) large-scale earthquake in the Ōsaka-Kōbe (Hanshin) metropolitan area of western Japan that was among the strongest, deadliest, and costliest to ever strike that country. The earthquake hit at 5:46 am on Tuesday, Jan. 17, 1995, in the southern part of Hyōgo

Ban Biao: …to have begun the famous Han shu (“Book of Han”), considered the Confucian historiographic model on which all later dynastic histories were patterned.

Hansi, town, west-central Haryana state, northwestern India. It is situated between Hisar city (northwest) and Delhi (southeast) and is connected with both by road and rail. Hansi is an ancient town and was probably a Kushan stronghold in the 1st and 2nd centuries ce. It was captured in 1192 by

Honoré de Balzac: Early career: …1832 Balzac became friendly with Éveline Hanska, a Polish countess who was married to an elderly Ukrainian landowner. She, like many other women, had written to Balzac expressing admiration of his writings. They met twice in Switzerland in 1833—the second time in Geneva, where they became lovers—and again in Vienna…

Eduard Hanslick was a celebrated Austrian music critic and a prolific author of works on music and concert life. Hanslick studied philosophy and law in Prague, received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1849, and taught there from 1856, becoming a regular professor in 1870. He was

hansom cab, low, two-wheeled, closed carriage patented in 1834, whose distinctive feature was the elevated driver’s seat in the rear. It was entered from the front through a folding door and had one seat above the axle with room for two passengers. The driver spoke to the passengers through a

Duane Hanson was an American figurative sculptor whose lifelike figures made of cast fibreglass and polyester resin and dressed in everyday clothes often fooled the public into believing that they were viewing real people. Because of its faithfulness to reality, Hanson’s work is often categorized

Duane Hanson was an American figurative sculptor whose lifelike figures made of cast fibreglass and polyester resin and dressed in everyday clothes often fooled the public into believing that they were viewing real people. Because of its faithfulness to reality, Hanson’s work is often categorized

Harriet Jane Hanson Robinson was a writer and woman suffrage leader in the United States. Robinson was a mill operative for the Tremont Corporation at Lowell, Mass., beginning at the age of 10 as a bobbin doffer, and she later wrote poems and prose for the Lowell Offering, the mill operatives’

Howard Hanson was a composer, conductor, and teacher who promoted contemporary American music and was, in his own compositions, a principal representative of the Romantic tradition. After studying in New York, Hanson taught in San Jose, Calif., and spent three years in Italy (1921–24) as winner of

John Hanson was an American Revolutionary leader and president under the U.S. Articles of Confederation. A member of the Maryland Assembly (1757–79), he represented Maryland in the Continental Congress (1780–82). On Nov. 5, 1781, he was elected by the Continental Congress “President of the United

Pauline Lee Hanson is an Australian politician, known for her controversial views on race and immigration, who cofounded (1997) the One Nation party and served as its leader (1997–2002; 2014– ). Hanson was the mother of four when her second marriage ended in the late 1980s. She settled in Ipswich,

timothy: …is named after American farmer Timothy Hanson, who promoted its use outside New England and among British farmers in the early 1700s.

Seoul, city and capital of South Korea (the Republic of Korea). It is located on the Han River (Han-gang) in the northwestern part of the country, with the city center some 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Yellow Sea (west). Seoul is the cultural, economic, and political center of South Korea.

Robert Hanssen was an agent of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) who was one of the Soviet Union’s and Russia’s most valuable double agents and the most damaging spy ever to penetrate the FBI. Hanssen was the son of a police officer. He received a bachelor’s degree from Knox College in

Robert Hanssen was an agent of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) who was one of the Soviet Union’s and Russia’s most valuable double agents and the most damaging spy ever to penetrate the FBI. Hanssen was the son of a police officer. He received a bachelor’s degree from Knox College in

Ola Hansson was a poet, prose writer, and critic, belatedly recognized as one of the most original of modern Swedish writers. Of peasant stock, Hansson celebrated in Dikter (1884; “Poems”) and Notturno (1885) the natural beauty and folkways of his native Skåne. The influence of contemporary

Per Albin Hansson was a Social Democratic statesman who, as four-time premier of Sweden between 1932 and 1946, led the nation out of the economic depression of the early 1930s, initiated key social-welfare legislation, and helped maintain Sweden’s neutrality during World War II. A store clerk with

Christopher Hansteen was a Norwegian astronomer and physicist noted for his research in geomagnetism. At the beginning of the 19th century, measurements of geomagnetic intensity had just begun. Hansteen continued the task, taking measurements in London, Paris, Finland, and (1828–30) Siberia. In

Vendsyssel-Thy: At Hanstholm on the North Sea, a deepwater port was opened in 1967 to accommodate fishing boats and to provide employment. Pop. (2003 est.) 306,373.

Joseph Anton Stranitzky: …part on his portrayal of Hanswurst, the sly, knowing, Viennese servant character he adopted and modified to provide opportunity for improvised comedy within vernacular, coarsely humorous plays called Haupt und Staatsaktionen (“chief and state plays”). Fourteen of these plays attributable to Stranitzky still exist; they reveal how he adapted opera…

hantavirus, (genus Hantavirus), any member of a genus of viruses (Orthohantavirus) of the family Hantaviridae that cause acute respiratory illnesses in humans. Hantaviruses are RNA viruses that rely on host cells to replicate. Many hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses, each of which has been

hantavirus, (genus Hantavirus), any member of a genus of viruses (Orthohantavirus) of the family Hantaviridae that cause acute respiratory illnesses in humans. Hantaviruses are RNA viruses that rely on host cells to replicate. Many hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses, each of which has been

hantavirus: Hantavirus diseases: …with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

Khan Tängiri Peak, peak in the Tien Shan range of Central Asia, at the juncture of the boundaries between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. Situated in a heavily glaciated mountain knot, the mountain rises to 22,949 feet (6,995 metres) and is the highest

Mon kingdom, kingdom of the Mon people, who were powerful in Myanmar (Burma) from the 9th to the 11th and from the 13th to the 16th century and for a brief period in the mid-18th century. The Mon migrated southward from western China and settled in the Chao Phraya River basin (of southern Thailand)

Khanty and Mansi, western Siberian peoples, living mainly in the Ob River basin of central Russia. They each speak an Ob-Ugric language of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic languages. Together they numbered some 30,000 in the late 20th century. They are descended from people from the south Ural

Anatolia: The Old Hittite Kingdom: The succession of his brother-in-law Hantilis marked the beginning of the catastrophic period referred to in the Edict of Telipinus, during which the Hittite kingdom came near the verge of extinction.

Bay of Fundy: …New Brunswick and Digby and Hantsport in Nova Scotia, all harbor towns that burgeoned during the great lumbering, shipping, and shipbuilding activity of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1948 an 80-square-mile section of shore and stream-riven hills in New Brunswick was set aside as Fundy National Park.

Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch was a German chemist who won fame at the age of 25 for devising the synthesis of substituted pyridines. Hantzsch was a professor at Zürich (1885), Würzburg (1893), and Leipzig (1903). With his student Alfred Werner he investigated the stereochemistry of nitrogen compounds. He

Hanukkah, Jewish festival that begins at sundown on Kislev 25 (usually in December, according to the Gregorian calendar) and is celebrated for eight days. Hanukkah reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates in particular the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem by the lighting of

Hanukkah, Jewish festival that begins at sundown on Kislev 25 (usually in December, according to the Gregorian calendar) and is celebrated for eight days. Hanukkah reaffirms the ideals of Judaism and commemorates in particular the rededication of the Second Temple of Jerusalem by the lighting of

Who Is Hanukkah Harry?: …be quick to say that Hanukkah Harry is the patron figure of Hanukkah, comparable to Santa Claus’s role for Christmas. However, Hanukkah Harry’s origins can be traced only as far back as 1989, when the fictional character first appeared in a Saturday Night Live (SNL) sketch, played by Jewish actor…

Hanukkah falls on the eve of the 25th of the Jewish month of Kislev and lasts eight days. That lands it somewhere in December on the Gregorian calendar (though in 2013 it fell on Thanksgiving in November, an extremely rare occurrence). Also called the Festival of Lights, Hanukkah celebrates events

Hanuman, in Hindu mythology, the monkey commander of the monkey army. His exploits are narrated in the great Hindu Sanskrit poem the Ramayana (“Rama’s Journey”). While still a baby, Hanuman, the child of a nymph by the wind god, tried to fly up and grab the Sun, which he mistook for a fruit. Indra,

langur: The gray, or Hanuman, langur (S. entellus) of the Indian subcontinent is almost black when newborn and gray, tan, or brown as an adult. Regarded as sacred in Hinduism, it spends a good deal of time on the ground and roams at will in villages and temples of…

Hanumangarh, city, northern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. It lies on the right bank of the Ghaggar River about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Ganganagar. Previously called Bhatner (“The Fortress of the Bhatti Rajputs”), it became Hanumangarh in 1805 when it was annexed by the princely state

Seoul, city and capital of South Korea (the Republic of Korea). It is located on the Han River (Han-gang) in the northwestern part of the country, with the city center some 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Yellow Sea (west). Seoul is the cultural, economic, and political center of South Korea.

Hanyang, large urban and industrial area, east-central Hubei sheng (province), central China. Located on the right bank of the Han River at its confluence with the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), opposite Hankou, it is the westernmost of the three former cities (also including Wuchang) now

Gao Xingjian: …the publication of the novella Hanye zhong de xingchen (1980; “Stars on a Cold Night”). In 1981 he became a resident playwright with the Beijing People’s Art Theatre, and in 1982 his first play, Juedui xinhao (Alarm Signal), written in collaboration with Liu Huiyuan, was performed. His second and most…

Daye: …into a single concern, the Han-Ye-Ping Iron and Coal Company. This company experienced financial difficulties and by 1913 was entirely in the hands of its Japanese creditors.

Pinyin romanization, system of romanization for the Chinese written language based on the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese. The gradual acceptance of Pinyin as the official transcription used in the People’s Republic of China signaled a commitment to promote the use of the

Hanyu Yuzuru is a Japanese figure skater who at the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, Russia, became the first Japanese man to win an Olympic gold medal in figure skating. He added a second Olympic gold four years later at the 2018 Winter Games in P’yŏngch’ang, South Korea. (Read Scott Hamilton’s

Japan: Muromachi government structure: This was called the equal tax division, or hanzei. Many shugo succeeded to their domains by inheritance, and in cases such as that of the Yamana family a single shugo sometimes held a number of provinces. If the primary agent of the Kamakura bakufu had been the jitō, the…

Hanzhong, city, southwestern Shaanxi sheng (province), central China. It is situated in a long, narrow, and fertile basin along the Han River, between the Qin (Tsinling) and Micang mountain ranges. To the north one of the few routes across the Qin Mountains joins it to Baoji in Shaanxi, while

Chinese literature: 1949–76: …and the revolutionary-romantic novels of Hao Ran. After the death of Mao and the fall of the Gang of Four, literature made a comeback and most surviving writers were rehabilitated, although the progress was as rocky as the political scene Chinese literature continued to reflect.

Hebi, prefecture-level city, northern Henan sheng (province), China. Once a county seat in Anyang prefecture, Hebi is situated in the foothills of the southern Taihang Mountains, some 16 miles (25 km) southwest of Anyang. Until the early 1950s Hebi was little more than a local market town, but the

Su Shi: …as the founder of the haofang (“heroic abandon”) school of writing. The optimism Su demonstrated in his private and political life can be seen also in his poems, many of which vividly describe his own experiences.

haoma, in Zoroastrianism, sacred plant and the drink made from it. The preparation of the drink from the plant by pounding and the drinking of it are central features of Zoroastrian ritual. Haoma is also personified as a divinity. It bestows essential vital qualities—health, fertility, husbands for

Howrah, city, east-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies along the west bank of the Hooghly River directly opposite Kolkata (Calcutta). Howrah is Kolkata’s largest satellite city and is the second largest city in West Bengal state. Howrah has major Grand Trunk Road connections and

dress: Japan: …together with the short black haori coat, was until fairly recently the approved formal attire for Japanese men.

Apis, in ancient Egyptian religion, sacred bull deity worshipped at Memphis. The cult of Apis originated at least as early as the 1st dynasty (c. 2925–c. 2775 bce). Like other bull deities, Apis was probably at first a fertility god concerned with the propagation of grain and herds, but he became