Han-Ye-Ping Iron and Coal Company

…into a single concern, the Han-Ye-Ping Iron and Coal Company. This company experienced financial difficulties and by 1913 was entirely in the hands of its Japanese creditors.

…with the establishment of the Hanyeping ironworks in Hanyang by Zhang Zhidong, the governor of the province, who also established a cotton mill in Wuchang opposite Hankou. The ironworks had a checkered career. At first it enjoyed some government protection and tax exemption but later suffered from internal political unrest…