Coleoptera: Annotated classification: Family Endomychidae (handsome fungus beetles) Shiny, usually brightly colored; feed on fungi (mold); about 600 species; mostly in tropical forests; examples Endomychus, Mycetaea. Family Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles) Shiny; found with fungi; more than 3,500 species; many in South America.

Ganioda’yo was a Seneca chief and prophet who founded the religious movement known as Gai’wiio (“Good Message”) among the Iroquois Indians of North America in the early 19th century. His name in the Seneca language meant “Handsome Lake.” Little is known of Ganioda’yo’s life before he became a

Alexander McCall Smith: …Minor Adjustment Beauty Salon (2013), The Handsome Man’s De Luxe Café (2014), The Woman Who Walked in Sunshine (2015), The House of Unexpected Sisters (2017), To the Land of Long Lost Friends (2019), and The Joy and Light Bus Company (2021).

handwriting, writing with the hand as distinguished from print. The term handwriting has come to be more or less restricted to mean the form of writing peculiar to each person. Before the introduction of the typewriter for general use, when handwriting had a greater utilitarian value, schools

handwriting: Handwriting identification: Identification of handwriting assumes great importance in courts of law when the authenticity of signature is contested. Even when the handwriting itself is not to be doubted, the conditions under which it was written sometimes become of great moment. Such questions as whether…

Canadian literature: Poetry and poetics: In Handwriting (1998) Ondaatje returned to his birthplace, Sri Lanka. Fascination with place and history also permeates Al Purdy’s poems about the country north of Belleville, Ont., and about his travels west and to the Arctic (Being Alive, 1978) and to the Soviet Union (Piling Blood,…

cursive: …led to the emergence of handwritten text recognition (HTR), which can transcribe less structured handwriting by using deep-learning algorithms.

astronomy: Ptolemy: …composed the Procheiroi kanones (Handy Tables), in which the astronomical tables of the Almagest were expanded and accompanied by directions for using them but were stripped of the theoretical discussion.

W.C. Handy was an American composer who changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into then-fashionable ragtime music. Among his best-known works is the classic “St. Louis Blues.” Handy was a son and grandson of Methodist ministers, and he was educated at Teachers

W.C. Handy was an American composer who changed the course of popular music by integrating the blues idiom into then-fashionable ragtime music. Among his best-known works is the classic “St. Louis Blues.” Handy was a son and grandson of Methodist ministers, and he was educated at Teachers

tanker: Tankers of 100,000 dwt and less can be crude-oil (“dirty”) carriers or product (“clean”) carriers. The Aframax tankers are often referred…

tanker: Tankers of 100,000 dwt and less can be crude-oil (“dirty”) carriers or product (“clean”) carriers. The Aframax tankers are often referred to…

esotericism: Academic uses: …largely with the Dutch historian Wouter J. Hanegraaff, treats it as a historiographical concept. Hanegraaff has characterized esotericism as a category for the “rejected knowledge” of Western society, one that encompasses those traditions that have been opposed both by mainstream religious authorities and by dominant scientific paradigms and therefore relegated…

Michael Haneke is an Austrian director and screenwriter whose stark and provocative films made him a leading figure in European cinema in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Much of his work examines tendencies toward social alienation and brutality within contemporary middle-class milieus.

electronic instrument: Post-World War II electronic instruments: One example, the Hanert Electrical Orchestra, built in 1944–45 by John Hanert at the Hammond Instrument Co. in Chicago, consisted of a roomful of electronic tone-generating equipment controlled by an elaborate, motor-driven scanner. The scanner, which was mounted on a carriage that rolled along a 60-foot table, read…

electronic instrument: Post-World War II electronic instruments: …Orchestra, built in 1944–45 by John Hanert at the Hammond Instrument Co. in Chicago, consisted of a roomful of electronic tone-generating equipment controlled by an elaborate, motor-driven scanner. The scanner, which was mounted on a carriage that rolled along a 60-foot table, read an encoded score that was drawn on…

Teen Titans: Created by writer Bob Haney, at the behest of DC Comics editor George Kashdan, the group first appeared with no name in The Brave and the Bold #54 (June–July 1964), wherein Robin, Kid Flash, and Aqualad joined forces to stop the villainous Mr. Twister. Wonder Girl joined as…

quiz: A history of quizzing: In 1980, Canadian journalists Chris Haney and Scott Abbott went to Spain, taking a set of reference books and enough money for beer, with the idea that quizzing could become something people would not only do for money but also pay money to do. They created the board game…

metalogic: Nonelementary logic and future developments: From studies on infinitary logics, William Hanf, an American logician, was able to define certain cardinals, some of which have been studied in connection with the large cardinals in set theory. In yet another direction, logicians are developing model theories for modal logics—those dealing with such modalities as necessity and…

Han Feizi was the greatest of China’s Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed Qin Shi Huang that the future emperor adopted their principles after seizing power in 221 bce. The Hanfeizi, the book named after him, comprises a synthesis of legal theories up to his

Hanford Site, large U.S. nuclear site established during World War II for the production of plutonium, some of which was used in the first atomic bomb. It is located in south-central Washington, northwest of Richland, and was originally operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a unit of the

Hanford Site, large U.S. nuclear site established during World War II for the production of plutonium, some of which was used in the first atomic bomb. It is located in south-central Washington, northwest of Richland, and was originally operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a unit of the

Hanford Site, large U.S. nuclear site established during World War II for the production of plutonium, some of which was used in the first atomic bomb. It is located in south-central Washington, northwest of Richland, and was originally operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as a unit of the

Elizabeth Dole is a trailblazing American politician whose career included many “firsts” for women. She was the first female secretary of transportation (1983–87); the first female executive of the American Red Cross (1991–99) since its founder, Clara Barton; and the first serious female contender

Hangzhou, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of

airplane: Heavier-than-air: These include hang gliders, gliders, and sailplanes.

hang gliding, sport of flying in lightweight unpowered aircraft which can be carried by the pilot. Takeoff is usually achieved by launching into the air from a cliff or hill. Hang gliders were developed by the pioneers of practical flight. In Germany, starting in 1891, Otto Lilienthal made several

Hangzhou, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of

Hanga Roa, village on the west coast of Easter Island, in the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is the home of most of the island population as well as of the Chilean administrative personnel. Its main economic activities are fishing and

Tanzania: Independence of Tanzania: Sheikh Abdulla Kassim Hanga was appointed prime minister, and Abdul Raḥman Mohammed (“Babu”), leader of the new left-wing Umma (The Masses) Party (formed by defectors from the ZNP), became minister for defense and external affairs. Pending the establishment of a new constitution, the cabinet and all…

Gangubai Hangal was an Indian vocalist in the Hindustani (North Indian) classical tradition and doyenne of the Kirana gharana (community of performers who share a distinctive musical style). She was especially admired for her performances of songs of the khayal genre over the course of a career

Gangubai Hangal was an Indian vocalist in the Hindustani (North Indian) classical tradition and doyenne of the Kirana gharana (community of performers who share a distinctive musical style). She was especially admired for her performances of songs of the khayal genre over the course of a career

Gangubai Hangal was an Indian vocalist in the Hindustani (North Indian) classical tradition and doyenne of the Kirana gharana (community of performers who share a distinctive musical style). She was especially admired for her performances of songs of the khayal genre over the course of a career

construction: Steel long-span construction: …examples being two great airship hangars for the U.S. Navy in New Jersey—the first built in 1922 with a span of 79 meters (262 feet), the second in 1942 with a span of 100 meters (328 feet). The flat truss was used also, reaching a maximum span of 91 meters…

Chuseok, Korean holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month to commemorate the fall harvest and to honor one’s ancestors. Similar to Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the Harvest Moon Festival, as it is also known, is one of the most popular holidays in South Korea and North

Hangayn Mountains, range in central Mongolia. It extends northwest-southeast for about 500 miles (805 km), parallels the Mongolian Altai Mountains (south), and rises to a height of 12,812 feet (3,905 m) in Otgon Tenger Peak. Most of its northern drainage flows into the Selenge River, which, with

Hangayn Mountains, range in central Mongolia. It extends northwest-southeast for about 500 miles (805 km), parallels the Mongolian Altai Mountains (south), and rises to a height of 12,812 feet (3,905 m) in Otgon Tenger Peak. Most of its northern drainage flows into the Selenge River, which, with

Hangzhou, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of

Devonian Period: Extinction events: …the Frasnian-Famennian boundary; and the Hangenberg Event saw the extinction of phacopid trilobites, several groups of goniatites, and the unusual late Devonian coiled cephalopods, the clymeniids, at the end of the Famennian Stage.

Hangul, alphabetic system used for writing the Korean language. The system, known as Chosŏn muntcha in North Korea, consists of 24 letters (originally 28), including 14 consonants and 10 vowels. The consonant characters are formed with curved or angled lines. The vowels are composed of vertical or

hanging, execution or murder by strangling or breaking the neck by a suspended noose. The traditional method of execution involves suspending victims from a gallows or crossbeam until they have died of asphyxiation. In another common method, persons to be hanged stand on a trapdoor, and, when the

buttress: …a wall at regular intervals; hanging buttresses, freestanding piers connected to a wall by corbels; and various types of corner buttresses—diagonal, angle, clasping, and setback—that support intersecting walls.

hanging chad, a chad—the small piece of a paper produced in punching paper tape or cards—that has not completely detached. When paper ballots are used in elections, hanging chads may lead to voting discrepancies. Hanging chads played a major role in the United States presidential election of 2000,

ice in lakes and rivers: Ice buildups: …large accumulations that are called hanging dams. Such deposits may be of great depth and may actually block large portions of the river’s flow. In smaller, shallower streams, similar ice formations may be combinations of shore ice, anchor ice deposits, small hanging-dam-like accumulations, and (over slower-flowing areas) sheet ice.

vertical farming: History: …modern version: Babylonians practiced an early form of vertical farming by creating hanging gardens, and Europeans in the 1600s grew produce on “fruit walls” that absorbed heat during the day and released it at night.

Sarah Polley: …directors, such as Thom Fitzgerald’s The Hanging Garden (1997), Clement Virgo’s The Planet of Junior Brown (1997), Don McKellar’s Last Night (1998), and David Cronenberg’s eXistenZ (1999). She seemed poised for stardom in the United States after her work in Doug Liman’s Go (1999) and Audrey Wells

Hanging Gardens of Babylon, ancient gardens considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World and thought to have been located near the royal palace in Babylon. By the beginning of the 21st century, the site of the Hanging Gardens had not yet been conclusively established. Nevertheless, many

geranium: Ivy, or hanging, geraniums (P. peltatum) are grown as basket plants indoors and out; they are also used as ground covers in warm areas. The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P.

heliconia: Major species: The flower bracts of hanging lobster claw, or false bird-of-paradise (H. rostrata), the national flower of Bolivia, are a striking combination of hot pink, yellow, and green. Dwarf Jamaican heliconia (H. stricta) is smaller than most other cultivated species and has several attractive varieties. Pink flamingo (H. chartacea) and…

beard lichen: Major species: Hanging moss (U. longissima) looks like gray threads about 1.5 metres (5 feet) long hanging from tree branches in humid mountainous regions. The taxonomy of the Florida beard lichen (U. florida) and the Lapland beard lichen (U. lapponica), as well as that of several other…

Jan Matejko: …episodes from Polish history include The Hanging of the Sigismund Bell (1874), The Battle of Grunwald (1878), and Prussian Homage (1882). In total, Matejko painted 320 oil paintings throughout his career. Though his most famous are historical in nature, he also painted portraits, mostly of relatives and friends; many of…

parakeet: …short, blunt tails, as the hanging parrots, or bat parrotlets, Loriculus species, popular cage birds in their native area, India to Malaya and the Philippines.

parakeet: …short, blunt tails, as the hanging parrots, or bat parrotlets, Loriculus species, popular cage birds in their native area, India to Malaya and the Philippines.

Delmer Daves: Westerns: …year he directed the popular The Hanging Tree, with Cooper well cast as a frontier doctor who falls in love with one of his patients (Maria Schell). It was Daves’s last western, and there was some speculation that health problems prevented him from continuing to film in the genre, which…

Diane Keaton: Later credits: …also directed several films, including Hanging Up (2000). Her memoir, Then Again, was published in 2011. She later wrote a collection of essays, Let’s Just Say It Wasn’t Pretty (2014), and also published a series of house-styling guides, including House (2012) and The House That Pinterest Built (2017).

glacial valley: …tributary troughs are left as hanging valleys high on the walls of the main glacial valley. Postglacial streams may form waterfalls from the mouths of the hanging valleys, a well-known example being Yosemite Falls, California.

glacial landform: Cirques, tarns, U-shaped valleys, arêtes, and horns: …an arcuate cliff called the headwall. In an ideal cirque, the headwall is semicircular in plan view. This situation, however, is generally found only in cirques cut into flat plateaus. More common are headwalls angular in map view due to irregularities in height along their perimeter. The bottom of many…

George Orwell: Early life: From colonial India to England and Burma: …two brilliant autobiographical sketches, “A Hanging” (1931) and “Shooting an Elephant” (1936), classics of expository prose in which Orwell describes what he saw of “the dirty work of Empire at close quarters” and the dehumanizing effects of imperialism on colonizer and colonized alike.

Reinhard Heydrich was a Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler’s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (“Protective Echelon”), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the opening years of World War II. Heydrich’s father, who

Michael Curtiz: Last films of Michael Curtiz: …Curtiz directed the conventional western The Hangman and worked with Ladd again on The Man in the Net, about an artist blamed for the disappearance of his unstable wife. At age 74, Curtiz released two films in 1960, an adaptation of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, with boxer…

Ecbatana, ancient city on the site of which stands the modern city of Hamadān, Iran. Ecbatana was the capital of Media and was subsequently the summer residence of the Achaemenian kings and one of the residences of the Parthian kings. According to ancient Greek writers, the city was founded in

Martin McDonagh: Film career: Hangmen, a play about the abolition of hanging in Britain in the 1960s, premiered in London in 2015 and won the Laurence Olivier Award for best new play. A Very Very Very Dark Matter, about colonialism and the whitewashing of fairy tales, debuted in London…

Fritz Lang: Films of the 1940s: …Brecht on the independent production Hangmen Also Die! (1943), another World War II-related film, this time an account of the assassination of SS leader Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.

Peter I: The Northern War (1700–21): …took part in the naval battle of Gangut (Hanko, or Hangö) in 1714, the first major Russian victory at sea.

Chinese literature: Drama: …which the most celebrated is Hangongqiu (“Sorrow of the Han Court”). It deals with the tragedy of a Han dynasty court lady, Wang Zhojun, who, through the intrigue of a vicious portrait painter, was picked by mistake to be sent away to Central Asia as a chieftain’s consort.

alcoholism: Acute diseases: …of these syndromes is the hangover—a general malaise typically accompanied by headache and nausea. After a prolonged bout of drunkenness, however, severe withdrawal phenomena often supervene. These phenomena include tremulousness, loss of appetite, inability to retain food, sweating, restlessness, sleep disturbances, seizures, and abnormal changes in body chemistry (especially electrolyte…

Bradley Cooper: …can remember; sequels followed in 2011 and 2013. Cooper earned notice for work in He’s Just Not That into You (2009) and the ensemble comedy Valentine’s Day (2010). Action roles followed, notably in Limitless (2011), Hit and Run (2012), and The Place Beyond the Pines (2012).

Bradley Cooper: …sequels followed in 2011 and 2013. Cooper earned notice for work in He’s Just Not That into You (2009) and the ensemble comedy Valentine’s Day (2010). Action roles followed, notably in Limitless (2011), Hit and Run (2012), and The Place Beyond the Pines (2012).

Bradley Cooper: …breakthrough with the highly lucrative The Hangover, which centres on a group of men who search for their lost friend after waking from a bachelor party that none can remember; sequels followed in 2011 and 2013. Cooper earned notice for work in He’s Just Not That into You (2009) and…

Commelinales: …relatives of the tropical Asian Hanguana, the only genus in Hanguanaceae, were unclear. Molecular evidence suggests that this family is closest to Commelinaceae, although some contradictory morphological evidence suggests a relationship to the ginger order, Zingiberales.

Commelinales: …Hanguana, the only genus in Hanguanaceae, were unclear. Molecular evidence suggests that this family is closest to Commelinaceae, although some contradictory morphological evidence suggests a relationship to the ginger order, Zingiberales.

Korea, history of the Korean Peninsula from prehistoric times to the 1953 armistice ending the Korean War (1950–53). For later developments, see North Korea: History; and South Korea: History. Archaeological, linguistic, and legendary sources support the view that the Korean Peninsula was settled

Hangul, alphabetic system used for writing the Korean language. The system, known as Chosŏn muntcha in North Korea, consists of 24 letters (originally 28), including 14 consonants and 10 vowels. The consonant characters are formed with curved or angled lines. The vowels are composed of vertical or

Henry Hathaway: Later work: …Gregory Peck (both 1971); and Hangup (1974). He retired thereafter.

Hangzhou, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of

Zhejiang: …River at the estuary of Hangzhou Bay but historically called the Zhe Jiang (“Crooked River”). Zhejiang is among the leading Chinese provinces in farm productivity and leads in the production of tea and in fishing. Area 39,300 square miles (101,800 square km). Pop. (2020) 64,567,588.

Zhejiang: Transportation: The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Cixi (south) and Haiyan (north) opened in 2008; it considerably reduces the travel distance between Ningbo and northern Zhejiang and Shanghai. Several cities in the province have airports with service to domestic destinations; those at Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Wenzhou also handle…

Hani, an official nationality of China. The Hani live mainly on the high southwestern plateau of Yunnan province, China, specifically concentrated in the southwestern corner. There are also several thousands of Hani or related peoples in northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam and in eastern Myanmar

Sino-Tibetan languages: Tibeto-Burman languages: …widest application) includes Yi (Lolo), Hani, Lahu, Lisu, Kachin (Jingpo), Kuki-Chin, the obsolete Xixia (Tangut), and other languages. The Tibetan writing system (which dates from the 7th century) and the Burmese (dating from the 11th century) are derived from the Indo-Aryan (Indic) tradition. The Xixia system (developed in the

Chris Hani was a South African political activist who was a prominent member of the African National Congress (ANC), the political party and Black nationalist organization that led the fight to eliminate South Africa’s racially discriminatory policy of apartheid, and served as chief of staff

Chris Hani was a South African political activist who was a prominent member of the African National Congress (ANC), the political party and Black nationalist organization that led the fight to eliminate South Africa’s racially discriminatory policy of apartheid, and served as chief of staff

hanif, in the Qurʾān, the sacred scripture of Islām, an Arabic designation for true monotheists (especially Abraham) who were not Jews, Christians, or worshipers of idols. The word appears to have been borrowed from a Syriac word meaning “heathen” and, by extension, designating a Hellenized person

Ḥanafī school, in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, incorporating the legal opinions of the ancient Iraqi schools of Kūfah. The Ḥanafī legal school (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imām Abū Ḥanīfah (c. 700–767) as spread by his disciples Abū Yūsuf (died

Mitanni, Indo-Iranian empire centred in northern Mesopotamia that flourished from about 1500 to about 1360 bce. At its height the empire extended from Kirkūk (ancient Arrapkha) and the Zagros Mountains in the east through Assyria to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. Its heartland was the Khābūr

the personal is political: …same name by American feminist Carol Hanisch, who argued that many personal experiences (particularly those of women) can be traced to one’s location within a system of power relationships. Hanisch’s essay focused on men’s power and women’s oppression; for example, if a particular woman is being abused by a male…

Ḥanīsh Islands, archipelago in the southern Red Sea that as of November 1, 1998, was officially recognized as sovereign territory of Yemen. Long under Ottoman sovereignty, the island group’s political status was purposely left indeterminate by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), under which Turkey

haniwa, unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the mounded tombs (kofun) of the Japanese elite dating from the Tumulus period (c. 250–552 ce). The first and most common haniwa were barrel-shaped cylinders used to mark the borders of a burial ground. Later, in

Ismail Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician and Hamas leader who served as prime minister of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in 2006–07, after Hamas won a majority of seats in the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. After interfactional fighting with rival Fatah led to the dissolution of the

Ismail Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician and Hamas leader who served as prime minister of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in 2006–07, after Hamas won a majority of seats in the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. After interfactional fighting with rival Fatah led to the dissolution of the

Ismail Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician and Hamas leader who served as prime minister of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in 2006–07, after Hamas won a majority of seats in the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections. After interfactional fighting with rival Fatah led to the dissolution of the

Korean literature: Later Chosŏn: 1598–1894: Hanjung nok (1795–1805; “Record of Sorrowful Days”) is an elegant account of the tragic experiences of Lady Hong, princess of Hyegyŏng Palace, and carries on a tradition of palace memoirs written by Korean women. Pak Tu-Se wrote stories in the vernacular that describe contemporary manners.…

hank, in textile manufacture, unit of measure applied to a length of yarn or to a loose assemblage of fibres forming a single strand, and varying according to the fibre origin. A hank of cotton or of the spun silk made from short lengths of waste silk is 840 yards (770 m) long. A hank of linen is

Japanese literature: The significance of the Man’yōshū: …concluded with one or more hanka (“envoys”) that resume central points of the preceding poem. The hanka written by the 8th-century poet Yamabe Akahito are so perfectly conceived as to make the chōka they follow at times seem unnecessary; the concision and evocativeness of these poems, identical in form with…

Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, 1st Baron Hankey was a soldier and politician, first holder of the office of secretary to the British Cabinet. He also was British secretary at several international conferences, notably at Versailles (1919), Washington (1921), Genoa (1922), London (1924), The Hague

education: Education in the Tokugawa era: …following the same policy, built hankō, or domain schools, in their castle towns for the education of their own retainers.

Russo-Finnish War: …Soviet naval base on the Hanko Peninsula.

Peter I: The Northern War (1700–21): …took part in the naval battle of Gangut (Hanko, or Hangö) in 1714, the first major Russian victory at sea.

Hankou, large urban area and river port, east-central Hubei sheng (province), central China. Located on the left bank of the Han River at its confluence with the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), it is the largest of the three former cities (the other two being Hanyang and Wuchang) now constituting the

Hankou, large urban area and river port, east-central Hubei sheng (province), central China. Located on the left bank of the Han River at its confluence with the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), it is the largest of the three former cities (the other two being Hanyang and Wuchang) now constituting the

Nancy Hanks was an American public official whose position as chair of the National Endowment for the Arts allowed her to dramatically increase funding for and programs in the arts. Hanks graduated from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, in 1949 and two years later settled in Washington, D.C.