flag of Algeria: …on Algerian flags, the so-called Hand of Fatima or khamsah (the stylized silhouette of a hand), was represented along with a bright yellow ring in the green-white-green flag proposed in the 1940s by the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto. However, the Hand of Fatima was not used in the…

puppetry: Hand or glove puppets: …classified as follows: These have a hollow cloth body that fits over the manipulator’s hand; his fingers fit into the head and the arms and give them motion. The figure is seen from the waist upward, and there are normally no legs. The head is usually…

textile: Modern looms: Hand-replenished, or nonautomatic, looms are used only where particular circumstances—of yarns, fabrics, or use—make automatically replenished looms either technically unsuitable or uneconomic. Basically, they differ little from the power looms of the latter half of the 19th century. They do not run appreciably faster but…

hand sanitizer, agent applied to the hands for the purpose of removing common pathogens (disease-causing organisms).1,2 Hand sanitizers typically come in foam, gel, or liquid form.1,3 Their use is recommended when soap and water are not available for hand washing or when repeated hand washing

hand sanitizer, agent applied to the hands for the purpose of removing common pathogens (disease-causing organisms).1,2 Hand sanitizers typically come in foam, gel, or liquid form.1,3 Their use is recommended when soap and water are not available for hand washing or when repeated hand washing

makimono, in Japanese art, hand scroll, or scroll painting designed to be held in the hand (as compared to a hanging scroll). See scroll

Plains Indian sign language (PISL), system of fixed hand and finger positions symbolizing ideas, the meanings of which were known to the majority of the Plains peoples. In addition to aiding communication between the deaf, PISL was used for a broad range of interactions—for hunting and other

Julianne Moore: Early life and career: …in the domestic thriller film The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992) brought Moore to wider attention. Her bold turn as an artist in director Robert Altman’s ensemble drama Short Cuts (1993) was particularly remarked upon. Altman had cast Moore after seeing her in a long-running New York workshop production…

hand tool, any of the implements used by craftspersons in manual operations, such as chopping, chiseling, sawing, filing, or forging. Complementary tools, often needed as auxiliaries to shaping tools, include such implements as the hammer for nailing and the vise for holding. A craftsperson may

industrial truck: …trucks may be classified as hand trucks or power trucks.

How Do Hand Warmers Work?: Hand warmers work by utilizing an exothermic chemical reaction to generate heat, providing warmth to cold hands. Disposable hand warmers accomplish this through the use of iron powder, salt, and water. When exposed to oxygen in the air, iron undergoes oxidation. The reaction,

hand sanitizer: …water are not available for hand washing or when repeated hand washing compromises the natural skin barrier (e.g., causing scaling or fissures to develop in the skin).2,3,4 Although the effectiveness of hand sanitizer is variable, it is employed as a simple means of infection control in a wide variety of…

Learned Hand was an American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith in the United States were employed throughout a record tenure as a federal judge (52 years, from April 10, 1909, until his death). Although he was never a justice of the Supreme Court,

Edward Hand was an American army officer during the American Revolution. Trained as a doctor in Ireland, Hand served with the British army on the Pennsylvania frontier from 1767 to 1774, before resigning his commission to practice medicine in Lancaster. An early supporter of the American cause,

herpangina: Herpangina is related to hand, foot, and mouth disease, which is caused by some of the same viruses; the latter, however, is characterized by sores on the hands and feet in addition to the mouth and is much more common in adults, in whom it can cause severe illness.

Learned Hand was an American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith in the United States were employed throughout a record tenure as a federal judge (52 years, from April 10, 1909, until his death). Although he was never a justice of the Supreme Court,

Stone Age: Lower Paleolithic: These are as follows: (1) bifacial-tool, or hand-ax, traditions (Abbevillian and Acheulean); and (2) flake-tool traditions (Clactonian and Levalloisian).

tunnels and underground excavations: Hand-mined tunnels: The ancient practice of hand mining is still economical for some conditions (shorter and smaller tunnels) and may illustrate particular techniques better than its mechanized counterpart. Examples are forepoling and breasting techniques as developed for the hazardous case of running (unstable) ground. Figure…

Brian W. Aldiss: …in such autobiographical novels as The Hand-Reared Boy (1970). He worked as a bookseller until turning to full-time writing shortly after the publication of The Brightfount Diaries in 1955. Non-Stop (1958) was his first science-fiction novel. In addition to writing science fiction, Aldiss was an influential anthologist and historian of…

tactics: The ambush and the trial of strength: …tribes also engage in formal, one-to-one frontal encounters that are part battle, part sport. The weapons employed on such occasions usually consist of the club (or its more advanced form, the mace), spear, and javelin, sometimes joined by the bow and special blunted arrows. Defensive armour consists of nonmetallic body…

Handa, city, southwestern Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan. It lies about 15 miles (24 km) south of Nagoya on the western side of the Chita Peninsula, facing Chita Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Handa served as an important commercial port during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867), when

African music: Systems based on instrumental harmonics: The tonal-harmonic system of the Handa-Nkhumbi group in southwestern Angola is one example, based on two fundamentals tuned about 200 cents apart. The resultant chords are thirds and fourths in characteristic positions:

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front: …Antonio Saca, defeated the FMLN’s Schafik Jorge Hándal, a former guerrilla commander. Arena also won the most seats in the 2006 legislative elections.

Halide Edib Adıvar: …Edib published her famous novel Handan (“Family”), about the problems of an educated woman.

Handan, city, southern Hebei sheng (province), China. Handan is situated on the higher ground on the western side of the North China Plain, on the great north-south route between Beijing and Zhengzhou and Luoyang (both in Henan province), where it is crossed by a long-established route from Jinan

accordion, free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows. The advent of the accordion is the subject of debate among researchers. Many

fashion industry: Fashion design and manufacturing: Producers of high-end accessories, especially handbags, are plagued by competition from counterfeit goods (“knockoffs”), sometimes produced using inferior materials in the same factories as the authentic goods. The trade in such imitation goods is illegal under various international agreements but is difficult to control. It costs name-brand manufacturers hundreds of…

handball, any of a family of games played in walled courts or against a single wall, with a small rubber ball that is struck with hand or fist against the wall. The object is to cause the ball to rebound with variations of power or speed and at such an angle that the opposition cannot return it.

team handball, game played between two teams of 7 or 11 players who try to throw or hit an inflated ball into a goal at either end of a rectangular playing area while preventing their opponents from doing so. It is unrelated to the two- or four-player games (see handball and fives), in which a

handbell, small bell—usually of brass or bronze but sometimes of copper, clay, porcelain, glass, wood, or other hard material—with an attached stem, loop, or leather strap for a handle; most have a clapper, though some are struck externally. The earliest handbells were probably of beaten copper,

encyclopaedia: Other topics: …three of the most useful handbooks that were in daily use late into the 20th century began to appear. The Statesman’s Year-Book, important for its statistical and political information, began publication in 1864. In 1868 the English publisher Joseph Whitaker first issued his Whitaker’s Almanack, and the World Almanack started…

Erasmus: The wandering scholar: …was Enchiridion militis Christiani (1503/04; Handbook of a Christian Knight). In this work Erasmus urged readers to “inject into the vitals” the teachings of Christ by studying and meditating on the Scriptures, using the spiritual interpretation favoured by the “ancients” to make the text pertinent to moral concerns. The Enchiridion…

George Bentham: Bentham’s Handbook of British Flora (1858; 7th ed., 1924) remains a standard work.

Anna Botsford Comstock: …How to Keep Bees (1905), The Handbook of Nature Study (1911, with more than two dozen editions), The Pet Book (1914), and Trees at Leisure (1916).

Hermann von Helmholtz: Early life: His greatest work, Handbook of Physiological Optics (1867), was characterized—like all of his scientific works—by a keen philosophical insight, molded by exact physiological investigations, and illustrated with mathematical precision and sound physical principles.

Julius von Sachs: …his book on plant physiology, Handbuch der Experimental Physiologie der Pflanzen (1865), he discussed how root hairs remove water from the soil and deliver it to other cells of the root. In 1874 he announced the first part of his imbibition theory stating that imbibed (absorbed) water moves in tubes…

Earth sciences: Weather and climate: For example, Julius Hann’s massive Handbuch der Klimatologie (“Handbook of Climatology”), first issued in 1883, is mainly a compendium of works published in the Meteorologische Zeitschrift (“Journal of Meteorology”). The Handbuch was kept current in revised editions until 1911, and this work is still sometimes called the most skillfully written…

August Schleicher: …results appeared in the remarkable Handbuch der litauischen Sprache (1856–57; “Handbook of the Lithuanian Language”), the first scientific description and analysis of Lithuanian, complete with a grammar, reader, and glossary.

Friedrich Konrad Beilstein: …a chemist who compiled the Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 2 vol. (1880–83; “Handbook of Organic Chemistry”), an indispensable tool for the organic chemist.

Karl, baron von Rokitansky: (1842–46; Treatise of Pathological Anatomy, 1849–52), represented an elevation of the discipline to the status of an established science.

Hans Bethe: Early work: …book-length reviews in the 1933 Handbuch der Physik—the first with Sommerfeld on solid-state physics and the second on the quantum theory of one- and two-electron systems—exhibited his remarkable powers of synthesis. Along with a review on nuclear physics in Reviews of Modern Physics (1936–37), these works were instant classics. All…

Johannes Müller: His Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen stimulated further basic research and became a starting point for the mechanistic concept of life processes, which was widely accepted in the second half of the 19th century.

Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle: …of histology, followed by the Handbuch der rationellen Pathologie, 2 vol. (1846–53; “Handbook of Rational Pathology”), written while he was professor of anatomy and pathology at the University of Heidelberg (1844–52). The Handbuch, describing diseased organs in relation to their normal physiological functions, represents the beginning of modern pathology. Among…

Wilhelm Adolf Becker: His Handbuch der römischen Altertumer, 5 vol. (1843–68; “Handbook of Roman Antiquities”), was completed by the classical scholars Theodor Mommsen and Joachim Marquardt.

François-Alphonse Forel: His standard work on limnology, Handbuch der Seenkunde (1901), included a study of the hitherto unexplained movement of lake waters known as seiches. Forel is credited with the discovery of density currents, which occur in the Alpine lakes because of the cold temperatures of entering glacier-derived streams. He also explained…

encyclopaedia: Chemistry, music, and philosophy: …was the publication of the Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie (1817–19; “Handbook of Theoretical Chemistry”) by the German scientist Leopold Gmelin, a work of such excellence that long after its first publication it still appeared in new editions from the Gmelin-Institut. Heinrich Rose, a German chemist, issued his Ausführliches Handbuch der…

handcuffs, device for shackling the hands, used by police on prisoners under arrest. Until modern times, handcuffs were of two kinds: (1) the figure 8, which confined the hands close together either in front of or behind the body, and (2) rings that fitted around the wrists and were connected by a

Handegg Falls, waterfall on the Aare River in Bern canton, south-central Switzerland; it is located about 9 miles (14 km) south-southeast of the village of Meiringen. After carving its way through the Aare Gorge, the stream is joined by the Aerlenbach (creek) and plunges from a height of 150 feet

handedness, a tendency to use one hand rather than the other to perform most activities; it is the usual practice to classify persons as right-handed, left-handed, or ambidextrous. See

Handegg Falls, waterfall on the Aare River in Bern canton, south-central Switzerland; it is located about 9 miles (14 km) south-southeast of the village of Meiringen. After carving its way through the Aare Gorge, the stream is joined by the Aerlenbach (creek) and plunges from a height of 150 feet

Handegg Falls, waterfall on the Aare River in Bern canton, south-central Switzerland; it is located about 9 miles (14 km) south-southeast of the village of Meiringen. After carving its way through the Aare Gorge, the stream is joined by the Aerlenbach (creek) and plunges from a height of 150 feet

George Frideric Handel was a German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741), and is also known for such occasional pieces as Water Music (1717) and Music for

George Frideric Handel was a German-born English composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. He wrote the most famous of all oratorios, Messiah (1741), and is also known for such occasional pieces as Water Music (1717) and Music for

Jacob Handl was a German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music. A Cistercian monk, Handl traveled in Bohemia, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic), and Silesia (now southwestern Poland), was a member of the Viennese court chapel in 1574, and was choirmaster to the bishop of Olmütz

Ignazio Silone: Una manciata di more (1952; A Handful of Blackberries, 1954) and Il segreto di Luca (1956; The Secret of Luca, 1958) show Silone’s continued concern with the needs of southern Italy and the complexities of social reform. In Uscita di sicurezza (1965; Emergency Exit, 1968), Silone describes his shifts from…

Philip K. Dick: …Dick’s numerous story collections are A Handful of Darkness (1955), The Variable Man and Other Stories (1957), The Preserving Machine (1969), and the posthumously published I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon (1985). Several of his short stories and novels were adapted for film, including “We Can Remember It for You…

Judi Dench: …with a View (1985) and A Handful of Dust (1988). In the 1990s Dench took the role of James Bond’s boss, M, in GoldenEye (1995)—the first of several Bond movies in which she appeared—and subsequently played two British queens, the recently widowed Queen Victoria in Mrs. Brown (1997) and Queen…

A Handful of Dust, satirical novel by Evelyn Waugh, published in 1934. The novel, which is often considered Waugh’s best, examines the themes of contemporary amorality and the death of spiritual values. Precipitated by the failure of Waugh’s marriage and by his conversion to Roman Catholicism, the

Kamala Markandaya: Literary career: Later works by Markandaya include A Handful of Rice (1966), The Coffer Dams (1969), The Nowhere Man (1972), Two Virgins (1973), The Golden Honeycomb (1977), and Pleasure City (1982; also published as Shalimar).

handgun, any firearm small enough to be held in one hand when fired. It usually fires a single projectile or bullet, and additional ammunition may be available in a revolving mechanism or magazine. Handguns may be used for target shooting, hunting small game, or personal self-defense. Automatic

accordion, free-reed portable musical instrument, consisting of a treble casing with external piano-style keys or buttons and a bass casing (usually with buttons) attached to opposite sides of a hand-operated bellows. The advent of the accordion is the subject of debate among researchers. Many

PDA, an electronic handheld organizer used in the 1990s and 2000s to store contact information, manage calendars, communicate by e-mail, and handle documents and spreadsheets, usually in communication with the user’s personal computer (PC). The first PDAs were developed in the early 1990s as

disability, the experience of any physical or cognitive health condition and its impact on the affected person’s ability to interact with the environment and to carry out activities. Persons affected by disability often confront barriers that prevent participation in community and social activities

handicap, in sports and games, method of offsetting the varying abilities or characteristics of competitors in order to equalize their chances of winning. Handicapping takes many, often complicated, forms. In horse racing, a track official known as the handicapper may assign weights to horses

disability, the experience of any physical or cognitive health condition and its impact on the affected person’s ability to interact with the environment and to carry out activities. Persons affected by disability often confront barriers that prevent participation in community and social activities

Asia: Handicrafts: Traditional cottage industries and handicrafts continue to play an important role in the economies of all Asian countries. They not only constitute major manufacturing activities in themselves but are also often the only available means to provide additional employment and raise the level of…

Motorola, Inc.: Founding as Galvin Manufacturing: …Kentucky; the second was the Handie-Talkie, an AM-band, handheld device with a long antenna that ultimately was used by soldiers during World War II. Both AM-based systems were quickly superseded by FM technologies. The most notable replacement occurred in 1943, when Galvin Manufacturing invented the FM Walkie-Talkie. This device was…

Peter Handke is an avant-garde Austrian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist, one of the most original German-language writers in the second half of the 20th century. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature, cited for “an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored

perfume: …as perfumes but also called extraits, extracts, or handkerchief perfumes, contain about 10–25 percent perfume concentrates. The terms toilet water and cologne are commonly used interchangeably; such products contain about 2–6 percent perfume concentrate. Originally, eau de cologne was a mixture of citrus oils from such fruits as lemons and…

dove tree, (species Davidia involucrata), small flowering tree, in the family Nyssaceae, with showy creamy bracts (modified leaves) surrounding the flowers. Native to southwestern China, it has been introduced elsewhere. Pyramidal in shape, with large bright-green leaves, it is especially

Jacob Handl was a German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music. A Cistercian monk, Handl traveled in Bohemia, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic), and Silesia (now southwestern Poland), was a member of the Viennese court chapel in 1574, and was choirmaster to the bishop of Olmütz

Jonathan Demme: …films for Corman before directing Handle with Care (1977; originally titled Citizens Band), a raucous ensemble comedy centred on the citizens band (CB) radio fad that swept the United States in the 1970s. Although the film was not a blockbuster, Demme’s directing was noticed, and he continued to work on…

bicycle: …steers by leaning and turning handlebars that are attached to the fork. The feet turn pedals attached to cranks and a chainwheel. Power is transmitted by a loop of chain connecting the chainwheel to a sprocket on the rear wheel. Riding is easily mastered, and bikes can be ridden with…

Chelsea Handler is an American comedian and author known for her earthy, bawdy style and her late-night talk show, Chelsea Lately (2007–14). Handler grew up in New Jersey, the youngest of six siblings. As a teen, she competed in the Miss New Jersey pageant, but she did not pursue work in performing

Chelsea Handler is an American comedian and author known for her earthy, bawdy style and her late-night talk show, Chelsea Lately (2007–14). Handler grew up in New Jersey, the youngest of six siblings. As a teen, she competed in the Miss New Jersey pageant, but she did not pursue work in performing

Daniel Handler is an American author best known for his A Series of Unfortunate Events, a 13-book collection of unhappy morality tales for older children that was published between 1999 and 2006. Handler wrote the series under the pen name Lemony Snicket. After earning a B.A. in 1992 from Wesleyan

Sir Frederick Handley Page: …aircraft designer who built the Handley Page 0/400, one of the largest heavy bomber planes used in World War I.

history of flight: The first airlines: …these routes was the stately Handley Page H.P.42, a biplane having a wingspan of 130 feet (40 metres) and four 490-horsepower Bristol Jupiter engines. Depending on seating arrangements, 24 to 38 passengers cruised along at about 100 miles (160 km) per hour over the plane’s 500-mile (800-km) range. The airline…

Halifax, British heavy bomber used during World War II. The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered by two 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. However, the Vulture encountered problems in development, and the

Halifax: The Halifax was designed by Handley Page, Ltd., in response to a 1936 Royal Air Force (RAF) requirement for a bomber powered by two 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture engines. However, the Vulture encountered problems in development, and the bomber design was reworked in 1937 to take four Rolls-Royce Merlins. The result…

Liverpool: …to the radio comedy of Tommy Handley in the 1940s, Liverpudlians contributed to the British comedy tradition. Tourism has grown in importance and includes a rise in interest for visiting locations associated with the Beatles.

Oscar Handlin was an American historian and educator noted for his examinations of immigration and other social topics in American history. The son of Jewish immigrant parents, Handlin graduated from Brooklyn College in 1934 and earned his M.A. degree from Harvard University in 1935. He then taught

Western painting: Origins in the 19th century: …palette knife; this combined a handling (a technical term in painting meaning the individual’s manipulation of materials in the execution of a work; it has been likened to a person’s signature in handwriting) derived from Courbet with the gray tonality of Manet; its rough-hewn crudity has a consistency that was…

Robert Mannyng: …English poet and author of Handlyng Synne, a confessional manual, and of the chronicle Story of England. The works are preserved independently in several manuscripts, none of certain provenance.

materials handling, the movement of raw goods from their native site to the point of use in manufacturing, their subsequent manipulation in production processes, and the transfer of finished products from factories and their distribution to users or sales outlets. In early systems of handling

Robert Mannyng: …English poet and author of Handlyng Synne, a confessional manual, and of the chronicle Story of England. The works are preserved independently in several manuscripts, none of certain provenance.

George Harrison: …production as a founder of Handmade Films. Among the company’s efforts were the Monty Python film Life of Brian (1979), Time Bandits (1981), and Mona Lisa (1986). Harrison was a frequent collaborator and often appeared on the albums of his former bandmates and other musicians. In the late 1980s he…

The Handmaid’s Tale, acclaimed dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, published in 1985. The book, set in New England in the near future, posits a Christian fundamentalist theocratic regime in the former United States that arose as a response to a fertility crisis. The novel, narrated

Volker Schlöndorff: …1984) and Margaret Atwood (The Handmaid’s Tale, 1990).

Fiona Apple: Fetch the Bolt Cutters and soundtrack work: of Arcadia, Girls, The Handmaid’s Tale, Euphoria, and Ted Lasso.

Park Chan-Wook: Later works: The Handmaiden, Decision to Leave, and No Other Choice: …2016 he directed Ah-ga-ssi (The Handmaiden), a twisty period film, based on the 2002 Sarah Waters novel Fingersmith, that blends erotic desire and revenge. The film was a product of Park’s conscious effort to develop more well-rounded female characters through his collaboration with screenwriter Jeong Seo-Kyeong, with whom he…

hand sanitizer, agent applied to the hands for the purpose of removing common pathogens (disease-causing organisms).1,2 Hand sanitizers typically come in foam, gel, or liquid form.1,3 Their use is recommended when soap and water are not available for hand washing or when repeated hand washing

Mitchell Leisen: Films of the 1930s: Hands Across the Table (1935) established a template Leisen would use repeatedly in other romantic comedies: a strong independent woman cannot prevent herself from falling in love with a man who is undeniably charming but does not bring much else to the table. This time…

Adam Levine: …and to release top-ten albums—Hands All Over (2010), Overexposed (2012), V (2014), Red Pill Blues (2017), and Jordi (2021)—and singles (notably 2010’s “Moves like Jagger,” featuring Christina Aguilera). In addition, the band headlined the Super Bowl

Usher: Acting career: His later films included Hands of Stone (2016), in which he portrayed Sugar Ray Leonard, and Burden (2018), based on a true story about a Black minister (played by Forest Whitaker) who befriends a member of the Ku Klux Klan (Garrett Hedlund) and causes him to confront his racist…

Bahāʾī Faith: Organization: …appointive institutions, such as the Hands of the Cause of God and the continental counselors. The members of the Hands of the Cause of God were appointed by Bahāʾu’llāh and Shoghi Effendi. The continental counselors are appointed by the Universal House of Justice. The primary functions of both groups are…

imposition of hands, ritual act in which a priest or other religious functionary places one or both hands palms down on the top of another person’s head, usually while saying a prayer or blessing. The imposition of hands was first practiced in Judaism and was adopted by Christianity. In the Hebrew

imposition of hands, ritual act in which a priest or other religious functionary places one or both hands palms down on the top of another person’s head, usually while saying a prayer or blessing. The imposition of hands was first practiced in Judaism and was adopted by Christianity. In the Hebrew

cardiopulmonary resuscitation: …modern form, known as “hands-only” CPR, may be performed by individuals who have not received formal training. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), hands-only CPR, which is recommended solely for use on adults who have suddenly collapsed, requires just “two steps to save a life.” First, the person…

hand tool: Saw: The familiar modern handsaw, with its thin but wide steel blade, cuts on the push stroke; this permits downhand sawing on wood laid across the knee or on a stool, and the sawing pressure helps to hold the wood still. Operator control is superior, and, because the line…