World Economic Forum: Beyond Davos: The forum’s year-round work: …initiatives beyond Davos, including the Global Health Initiative, launched in 2002, and coordinates year-round work among its members on selected economic and social challenges.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month: …fragrance and cosmetics company, launched Global Illumination, a project in which major global landmarks are illuminated by pink light for one or more days in October in support of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Illuminated landmarks have included the Sydney Opera House, Niagara Falls, the Brandenburg Gate, the Empire State Building,…

NCR Voyix Corporation, NCR Voyix is an American e-commerce company known for its digital banking and point-of-service retail and restaurant software. Its sister company, NCR Atleos, oversees automated teller machine (ATM) operations. The two companies are the result of a 2023 split of NCR

asthma: …of the aims of the Global Initiative for Asthma, which since 1998 has sponsored World Asthma Day, an annual event occurring on the first Tuesday in May that is intended to raise awareness of the disorder.

logistics: Strategic mobility: …to deal with the classic logistic problem of deploying and supporting forces over sea lines of communication exposed to enemy attack. The Soviet Union was able in 1962 to establish a missile base in Cuba manned by some 25,000 troops without interference by the United States until its offensive purpose…

World Malaria Day: …prompted the formation of the Global Malaria Action Plan (GMAP), an aggressive unified strategy designed to reduce the incidence of malaria worldwide. The three components of this strategy are control, elimination, and research. Research to develop new drugs and new approaches to prevention is fundamental to efforts aimed at first…

malaria: Malaria through history: …Health Organization (WHO) inaugurated its Global Malaria Eradication Campaign, to be based mainly on the spraying of insecticide in designated “malarious areas” of the world. The program resulted in the elimination of endemic malaria from Europe, Australia, and other developed areas and in a radical reduction of cases in less-developed…

world map, graphical representation, using projection, that depicts Earth’s exterior on a flat surface. World maps usually show political features, such as country borders, and physical features. World maps can also be used to present data on average temperature, soil type, rainfall distribution,

hard news: From 1995, studies by the Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP), an undertaking of the World Association of Christian Communication, have demonstrated that female journalists are more likely than male journalists to be assigned stories with soft news topics. Although GMMP’s 2020 report shows that female journalists are assigned a more…

global music, broadly speaking, music of the world’s cultures. The term global music replaced world music, which had been adopted in the 1980s to characterize non-English recordings that were released in Great Britain and the United States. Employed primarily by the media and record stores, this

space exploration: Positioning, navigation, and timing: …System (GPS) and the Soviet Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)—that did much to solve the problems of their predecessors. The original purpose of the systems was the support of military activities, and they have continued to operate under military control while serving a wide variety of civilian uses.

Global North and Global South, framework for understanding and analyzing the relative prosperity and international power of countries around the world, which became increasingly popular following criticism of other taxonomic systems, such as the three-world system and the developed and developing

thermohaline circulation (THC), the component of general oceanic circulation controlled by horizontal differences in temperature and salinity. It continually replaces seawater at depth with water from the surface and slowly replaces surface water elsewhere with water rising from deeper depths.

polio: A global campaign: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was joined by UNICEF, Rotary International, and other organizations, and by 2000 the number of new cases of paralytic polio had been reduced from more than 250,000 per year to approximately 1,000–2,000. Complete elimination of the disease by the target year…

Robert Mugabe: Sharing power: …power-sharing agreement—referred to as the Global Political Agreement—on September 15, 2008. As part of the agreement, Mugabe would remain president but would cede some power to Tsvangirai, who would serve as prime minister; Mutambara would serve as a deputy prime minister.

GPS, space-based radio-navigation system that broadcasts highly accurate navigation pulses to users on or near Earth. In the United States’ Navstar GPS, 24 main satellites in 6 orbits circle Earth every 12 hours. In addition, Russia maintains a constellation called GLONASS (Global Navigation

Simon McKeon: …and a director of the Global Poverty Project. From 2010 to 2015 he served as chairman of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the national science agency of Australia. McKeon became chancellor of Monash University in 2016.

Great Recession, economic recession that was precipitated in the United States by the financial crisis of 2007–08 and quickly spread to other countries. Beginning in late 2007 and lasting until mid-2009, it was the longest and deepest economic downturn in many countries, including the United

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies: In 1997 CERES launched the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which provides guidelines for participating companies and organizations to use in reporting on their sustainability practices and the social, environmental, and economic impact of their activities. The GRI was designed to stimulate change for the organizations by allowing them to track…

rinderpest: …launch in 1994 of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme (GREP) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations led to the implementation of effective rinderpest-control programs in affected areas of the world. The targeted date for eradication was 2011. In 2010 a preliminary report by GREP suggested…

Svalbard Global Seed Vault, secure facility built into the side of a mountain on Spitsbergen, the largest of the Svalbard islands (a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean), that is intended to safeguard the seeds of the world’s food plants in the event of a global crisis. The site was chosen

As a result of Avatar: Fire and Ash, released in December 2025, Zoe Saldaña jumped ahead of Scarlett Johansson as the highest-grossing actor in Hollywood. Income is estimated as of January 14, 2026, as derived from The Numbers data on actors in leading roles and other sources. As the actor behind

aerospace industry: Airships: …company’s blimp operations passed to Global Skyship Industries. With its sister company, Airship Operations, Inc., Global Skyship Industries builds and operates blimps for commercial advertising, military, and government applications worldwide.

Justin Welby: Archbishop of Canterbury: …was seriously challenged by the Global South Fellowship of Anglican Churches (GSFA), which represents conservative Anglican churches in dozens of countries. In an effort to stave off an irreparable breakdown, Welby stated that he personally will not bless same-sex marriages. However, in a historic decision, 12 GSFA archbishops—representing about a…

Guzhangian Stage: …Commission on Stratigraphy established the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of this unit in the carbonate rock beds of the Huaqiao Formation in the Wuling Mountains of Hunan, China. The GSSP marks the first appearance of the trilobite Lejopyge laevigata in the fossil record. The Guzhangian…

Guzhangian Stage: …Commission on Stratigraphy established the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) defining the base of this unit in the carbonate rock beds of the Huaqiao Formation in the Wuling Mountains of Hunan, China. The GSSP marks the first appearance of the trilobite Lejopyge laevigata in the fossil record. The Guzhangian…

mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …European Community announced the digital global system for mobile communications, referred to as GSM, the first such system that would permit any cellular user in one European country to operate in another European country with the same equipment. GSM soon became ubiquitous throughout Europe.

The global village is a phrase that is closely associated with the Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan. In its simplest form, the concept argues that the rise of electronic media has made the world into a kind of global village, where information is rapidly and almost instantaneously shared

Nathan Wolfe: …central role in establishing the Global Viral Forecasting Initiative (GVFI), a program designed to monitor the transmission of viruses from animals to humans in countries worldwide.

war on terrorism, term used to describe the American-led global counterterrorism campaign launched in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In its scope, expenditure, and impact on international relations, the war on terrorism was comparable to the Cold War; it was intended to

global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries. Climate scientists have since the mid-20th century gathered detailed observations of various weather phenomena (such as temperatures, precipitation, and storms) and of

global warming policy: The UN Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol: …by two major treaties: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 1992 and the associated 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC (named for the city in Japan where it was concluded).

global warming policy, the process by which key decisions regarding the mitigation of global warming and its effects on climate change are made or influenced by central governments. Leading climate scientists agree that many of the ongoing changes to the global climate system are largely caused by

weather forecasting: Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models: The vast Global Weather Experiment, first conceived by Charney, was carried out by many nations in 1979 under the leadership of the World Meteorological Organization to demonstrate what high-quality global observations could do to improve forecasting by numerical prediction models. The results of that effort continue to…

globalization, integration of the world’s economies, politics, and cultures. German-born American economist Theodore Levitt has been credited with having coined the term globalization in a 1983 article titled “The Globalization of Markets.” The phenomenon is widely considered to have begun in the

Columbian Exchange: …a more general process of biological globalization that followed the transoceanic voyaging of the 15th and 16th centuries. Ecological provinces that had been torn apart by continental drift millions of years ago were suddenly reunited by oceanic shipping, particularly in the wake of Christopher Columbus’s voyages that began in 1492.…

cultural globalization, phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world. Propelled by the efficiency or appeal of wireless communications, electronic commerce, popular

mobile telephone: Satellite-based telephone communication: Another LEO system, Globalstar, consisted of 48 satellites that were launched about the same time as the Iridium constellation. Globalstar began offering service in October 1999, though it too went into bankruptcy, in February 2002; a reorganized Globalstar LP continued to provide service thereafter.

spectroscopy: Infrared instrumentation: …the standard source is a Globar (50–6,000 cm−1), a silicon carbide cylinder that is electrically heated to function as a blackbody radiator. Radiation from a mercury-arc lamp (10–70 cm−1) is employed in the far-infrared region. In a grating-monochromator type instrument, the full range of the source-detector combination is scanned by…

Globe, city, seat (1881) of Gila county, east-central Arizona, U.S. It lies along Pinal Creek in the foothills between the Pinal and Apache mountains. Miami, its sister city, is 6 miles (10 km) west. Globe originated as a mining camp at Ramboz Peak and was moved to the present site after the

globe, the most common general-use model of spherical Earth. It is a sphere or ball that bears a map of the Earth on its surface and is mounted on an axle that permits rotation. The ancient Greeks, who knew the Earth to be a sphere, were the first to use globes to represent the surface of the

globe amaranth, (Gomphrena globosa), ornamental garden plant of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae), grown for its showy spherical flower clusters. Globe amaranth is native to Guatemala, Panama, and Brazil and is cultivated around the world. The flowers are attractive to butterflies and are often

The Globe and Mail, daily newspaper published in Toronto, the most prestigious and influential news journal in Canada. The paper’s origins can be traced to a liberal newspaper, The Globe, founded in 1844 by a Scottish immigrant, George Brown, and to The Mail, later the Mail and Empire, a

artichoke, (Cynara cardunculus, variety scolymus), large thistlelike perennial plant of the aster family (Asteraceae) grown for its edible flower buds. The flesh at the base of the thick leathery bracts and the receptacle of the immature flower head, known as the heart, are a culinary delicacy. The

candytuft: Globe candytuft (Iberis umbellata) is a common garden annual that bears flat clusters of pink, violet, white, purple, or red flowers in late summer. The plants are 40 cm (16 inches) tall and have long, narrow leaves. Rocket candytuft (I. amara) has thick, deeply lobed…

ball lightning, a rare aerial phenomenon in the form of a luminous sphere that is generally several centimetres in diameter. It usually occurs near the ground during thunderstorms, in close association with cloud-to-ground lightning. It may be red, orange, yellow, white, or blue in colour and is

Sheryl Crow: Sheryl Crow, The Globe Sessions, and C’mon, C’mon: ” The Globe Sessions (1998) also received a Grammy for best rock album, and its single “There Goes the Neighborhood” won for best female rock vocal performance. Crow continued to perform and garner accolades into the 21st century. C’mon, C’mon (2002) featured the hit single “Soak…

dragonfly: Life cycle and reproduction: The globe skimmer (or wandering glider, Pantala flavescens), for example, makes an annual multigenerational journey of some 18,000 km (about 11,200 miles); to complete the migration, individual globe skimmers fly more than 6,000 km (3,730 miles)—one of the farthest known migrations of all insect species.

Globe Theatre, famous London theatre in which after 1599 the plays of William Shakespeare were performed. Early in 1599 Shakespeare, who had been acting with the Lord Chamberlain’s Men since 1594, paid into the coffers of the company a sum of money amounting to 12.5 percent of the cost of building

thistle: Some species of globe thistle (Echinops) are cultivated as ornamentals. The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland.

valve: In the globe valve shown in the Figure (far left), the movable element M may be a tapered plug or a disk that fits a seat on the valve body; the disk may carry a replaceable rubber or leather washer, as in a household water faucet. In…

Pierre Leroux: …with Paul-François Dubois, Leroux established Le Globe, and seven years later he made it the organ of the Saint-Simonian Socialists; but he broke with them in 1832 after one of them, Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin, advocated free love. Founding the Revue Encyclopédique, Leroux established, with Jean Reynaud, the Encyclopédie nouvelle, of which…

George Brown: As proprietor of The Globe (Toronto), he wielded considerable political influence in Canada West (Upper Canada, now Ontario), where his newspaper was extremely popular.

globeflower, any of about 20 species of perennial herbaceous plants constituting the genus Trollius of the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to North Temperate Zone wetlands. The common European globeflower (T. europaeus), up to 60 cm (about 2 feet) tall, is often cultivated in moist

pilot whale, (genus Globicephala), either of two species of small, slender toothed whales of the dolphin family Delphinidae. They are characterized by a round bulging forehead, a short beaklike snout, and slender pointed flippers. The short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and the

pilot whale: The short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and the long-finned pilot whale (G. melas) are similar in appearance except for the pronounced difference in flipper length between the two species. Both species are found in all the oceans of the world except the Arctic; however, long-finned pilot…

pilot whale: …whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and the long-finned pilot whale (G. melas) are similar in appearance except for the pronounced difference in flipper length between the two species. Both species are found in all the oceans of the world except the Arctic; however, long-finned pilot whales are not found in tropical waters.…

foraminiferan: …sink and form the so-called foraminiferal ooze that covers about 30 percent of the ocean floor. Limestone and chalk are products of the foraminiferan bottom deposits.

hemoglobin: …four heme groups surrounding a globin group, forming a tetrahedral structure. Heme, which accounts for only 4 percent of the weight of the molecule, is composed of a ringlike organic compound known as a porphyrin to which an iron atom is attached. It is the iron atom that binds oxygen…

actin: It exists in two forms: G-actin (globular, monomeric actin) and F-actin (fibrous, polymerized actin), the latter forming the filaments involved in contraction.

globular cluster, a large group of old stars that are closely packed in a symmetrical, somewhat spherical form. Globular clusters, so called because of their roughly spherical appearance, are the largest and most massive star clusters. Though several globular clusters, such as Omega Centauri in the

vessel flute, musical instrument, an aerophone with a closed, spherically shaped body and a blow hole and sometimes with finger holes. In Africa many vessel flutes are made from gourds or shells; pottery bodies are found in China and Latin America. Ocarinas are often considered globular flutes, but

protein: The shape of protein molecules: …closely folded structure of the globular proteins and the elongated, unidimensional structure of the threadlike fibrous proteins; both were recognized many years before the technique of X-ray diffraction was developed. Solutions of fibrous proteins are extremely viscous (i.e., sticky); those of the globular proteins have low viscosity (i.e., they flow…

mineral: Crystal habit and crystal aggregation: …forming starlike or circular groups; globular, radiating individuals forming small spherical or hemispherical groups; dendritic, in slender divergent branches, somewhat plantlike; mammillary, large smoothly rounded, masses resembling mammae, formed by radiating crystals; botryoidal, globular forms resembling a bunch of grapes; colloform, spherical forms composed of radiating

globulin, one of the major classifications of proteins, which may be further divided into the euglobulins and the pseudoglobulins. The former group is insoluble in water but soluble in saline solutions and may be precipitated in water that has been half-saturated with a salt such as ammonium

crystallite: Globulites, for example, are oval or spherical; scopulites may be feathery or flowerlike. The faster-growing faces of a crystallite become smaller, so that the slower-growing faces are the longer ones. Rodlike crystallites composed of a number of smaller elongate forms are called bacillites. Belonites are…

digestive system disease: Dysphagia: …in the throat,” or “globus hystericus,” is not connected with eating or swallowing. The sensation may result from gastroesophageal reflux or from drying of the throat associated with anxiety or grief. Treatment is directed toward the cause of the disorder.

human nervous system: Basal ganglia: …(2) the putamen, (3) the globus pallidus, and (4) the amygdala. Phylogenetically, the amygdala is the oldest of the basal ganglia and is often referred to as the archistriatum; the globus pallidus is known as the paleostriatum, and the caudate nucleus and putamen are together known as the neostriatum, or…

glocalization, the simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems. The term, a linguistic hybrid of globalization and localization, was popularized by the sociologist Roland Robertson and coined, according to

Opuntia: …spines, the cladodes bear characteristic glochidia—small bristles with backward-facing barbs in the areoles. (These barbs are difficult to remove from human skin.) The showy flowers are commonly yellow, pink, or orange in colour, and many feature stamens that move in response to touch, a trait that is thought to increase…

Opuntia: …spines, the cladodes bear characteristic glochidia—small bristles with backward-facing barbs in the areoles. (These barbs are difficult to remove from human skin.) The showy flowers are commonly yellow, pink, or orange in colour, and many feature stamens that move in response to touch, a trait that is thought to increase…

bivalve: Reproduction and life cycles: … the released larva, called a glochidium, often has sharp spines projecting inward from each valve. The larva attaches to either the gills or fins of passing fish and becomes a temporary parasite. Eventually, it leaves the fish, falls to the lake floor, and metamorphoses into an adult.

bell, hollow vessel usually of metal, but sometimes of horn, wood, glass, or clay, struck near the rim by an interior clapper or exterior hammer or mallet to produce a ringing sound. Bells may be categorized as idiophones, instruments sounding by the vibration of resonant solid material, and more

glockenspiel, (German: “set of bells”) percussion instrument, originally a set of graduated bells, later a set of tuned steel bars (i.e., a metallophone) struck with wood, ebonite, or, sometimes, metal hammers. The bars are arranged in two rows, the second corresponding to the black keys of the

Grossglockner, highest peak (12,460 feet [3,798 metres]) in Austria and in the Hohe Tauern (range of the Eastern Alps). It lies astride the border between Bundesländer (federal states) Tirol and Kärnten. The most magnificent of the glaciers on the mountain is the Pasterze Glacier, 5 miles (8 km)

Hegelianism: Hegelian renaissance in Germany and France: And Hermann Glockner, a Bavarian aesthetic intuitionist, saw following one another in the development of Hegel a so-called “pantragistic” phase up to the Phenomenology and, subsequently, an opposing “panlogistic” phase that betrayed the most lively and concrete instances of the preceding phase—a work that approached the…

Gloeocapsa, genus in the order Chroococcales, phylum Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), with either single or clustered cells enclosed in concentric layers of mucilage. Largely terrestrial, they are found on rocks or moist soils. Some are symbiotic with fungi, forming

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Gloeophyllales (incertae sedis; not placed in any subclass) Saprotrophic; many cause wood rot; basidiospores may be cylindrical to ellipsoidal in shape; hyphae clamped; example genera include Gloeophyllum, Neolentinus, and Veluticeps. Order Hymenochaetales (incertae sedis; not placed in any subclass) Mycorrhizal or

anthracnose: >Gloeosporium) characteristically produce spores in tiny, sunken, saucer-shaped fruiting bodies known as acervuli. Symptoms include sunken spots or lesions (blight) of various colours in leaves, stems, fruits, or flowers, and some infections form

Głogów, city, Dolnośląskie województwo (province), southwestern Poland. Located on the Oder River in the Środkowopolski Lowlands, it received its town rights in 1253. During World War II Głogów was almost completely destroyed. The modern city is the railway and road centre for the northern part of

wine: Flavoured wines: Glogg, a hot punch of Swedish origin, is frequently made with red wine and contains spices, almonds, and raisins. Wine coolers, popular in the United States, are wines of low alcohol flavoured with fruit juices.

Głogów, city, Dolnośląskie województwo (province), southwestern Poland. Located on the Oder River in the Środkowopolski Lowlands, it received its town rights in 1253. During World War II Głogów was almost completely destroyed. The modern city is the railway and road centre for the northern part of

battleship: …had its genesis in the Gloire, a French oceangoing ironclad displacing 5,600 tons that was launched in 1859. (The Gloire and similar ships of combined sail and steam propulsion were given various names such as armoured frigate or steam frigate; the term battleship did not become current until some years…

Glomar Challenger, oceanographic drilling and coring vessel, active from 1968 to 1983. The exploratory ship of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (later the Ocean Drilling Project; ODP), it was equipped with a drilling derrick 43 metres (140 feet) high and was capable of drilling more than 1,700 metres

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Glomerales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; forms single spores, loose clusters of spores, or compact sporocarps (fruiting bodies); example genus is Glomus. Class Paraglomeromycetes Arbuscular mycorrhizal; forms complexes of spores. Order Paraglomerales

igneous rock: Fabric: …is referred to as a glomerocryst. In some cases, such glomerocrysts are monomineralic, but more commonly they are composed of two or more minerals. Based on chemical composition, texture, and other criteria such as isotopic analysis, it has been demonstrated that some phenocrysts and glomerocrysts were not crystallized from the…

fungus: Annotated classification: Class Glomeromycetes Arbuscular mycorrhizal; single or clustered spores; contains 4 orders. Order Diversisporales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; forms complexes of spores; example genera include Acaulospora, Diversispora, and Pacispora. Order Gigasporales

fungus: Annotated classification: Phylum Glomeromycota Forms obligate, mutualistic, symbiotic relationships in which hyphae penetrate into the cells of roots of plants and trees (arbuscular mycorrhizal associations); coenocytic hyphae; reproduces asexually; cell walls composed primarily of chitin. Class Archaeosporomycetes Arbuscular mycorrhizal; spores form singly or

igneous rock: Fabric: …this is observed, the term glomeroporphyritic is used to describe the texture, and the aggregate is referred to as a glomerocryst. In some cases, such glomerocrysts are monomineralic, but more commonly they are composed of two or more minerals. Based on chemical composition, texture, and other criteria such as isotopic…

chemoreception: Smell: …spheres of nerve tissue called glomeruli. They are formed from the branching ends of axons of receptor cells and from the outer (dendritic) branches of interneurons, known in vertebrates as mitral cells, that pass information to other parts of the brain. Tufted cells, which are similar to but smaller than…

Bowman’s capsule, double-walled cuplike structure that makes up part of the nephron, the filtration structure in the mammalian kidney that generates urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. Bowman’s capsule encloses a cluster of microscopic blood

excretion: Mammals: Primary urine is formed by filtration from the blood. From this primary urine certain substances are reabsorbed into the blood and other substances are secreted into the primary urine from the blood. The word secretion is used by renal physiologists to imply transport, other than…

renal system: Quantitative tests: …function is that of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is calculated by measuring the specific clearance from the body of a substance believed to be excreted solely by glomerular filtration. The renal clearance of any substance is the volume of plasma containing that amount of the substance that…

renal system: Glomerular pressure: The importance of these various vascular factors lies in the fact that the basic process occurring in the glomerulus is one of filtration, the energy for which is furnished by the blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries. Glomerular pressure is a function of…

Bright disease, inflammation of the structures in the kidney that produce urine: the glomeruli and the nephrons. The glomeruli are small round clusters of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) that are surrounded by a double-walled capsule, called Bowman’s capsule. Bowman’s capsule in turn

renal system: Minute structure: …(microscopic blood vessels) called the glomerulus. The capsule and glomerulus together constitute a renal corpuscle, also called a malpighian body. Blood flows into and away from the glomerulus through small arteries (arterioles) that enter and exit the glomerulus through the open end of the capsule. This opening is called the…

Glomma, river, eastern Norway. Rising in a series of small lakes and streams that drain into Aursunden (lake) about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Trondheim, near the Swedish-Norwegian border, the Glomma flows out of the lake southward through Østerdalen (Eastern Valley) to Kongsvinger, then

space exploration: Positioning, navigation, and timing: …System (GPS) and the Soviet Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)—that did much to solve the problems of their predecessors. The original purpose of the systems was the support of military activities, and they have continued to operate under military control while serving a wide variety of civilian uses.

undersea exploration: Exploration of the seafloor and the Earth’s crust: …those that employ Seabeam and Gloria (Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic) permit mapping two-dimensional swaths with great accuracy from a single ship. These methods are widely used to ascertain the major features of the seafloor. The Gloria system, for example, can produce a picture of the morphology of a region at…

Sharon Stone: Other films and TV work: …in Sidney Lumet’s crime thriller Gloria. Stone also had occasional roles in TV movies and series, such as If These Walls Could Talk 2 (2000), The Practice (2003; winning an Emmy Award for her guest role), Agent X (2015), and Ratched (2020). Among her notable later films are Jim Jarmusch’s…