biological globalization

Biological globalization refers to the movement of species across continents and oceans, a process that has profoundly shaped world history. This phenomenon, often termed the Columbian Exchange, involves the transfer of diseases, animals, and plants between previously isolated ecological provinces.1

Human activities, particularly global commerce and travel, are the primary drivers of modern biological globalization, leading to the introduction of nonnative species into new habitats. While many introduced species do not survive, some possess competitive advantages that allow them to thrive, disrupting native ecosystems, reducing biodiversity, and causing economic harm. This can lead to the decline or extinction of native species and the spread of diseases.2

The consequences of biological globalization are far-reaching, impacting everything from food chains to human health and the global economy. Understanding and managing these exchanges are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and addressing future environmental challenges.21345