Battle of Formigny, (April 15, 1450), a French victory in the last phase of the Hundred Years’ War against the English: it was perhaps the most decisive incident in France’s reconquest of Normandy and was also the first occasion of the French use of field artillery. French successes in Normandy in

traditional ceramics: Forming: The fine, platy morphology of clay particles is used to advantage in the forming of clay-based ceramic products. Depending upon the amount of water added, clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic. Plasticity arises by virtue of the plate-shaped clay particles slipping over one…

phormium, (species Phormium tenax), a plant of the day lily family, Hemerocallidaceae, and its fiber, belonging to the leaf fiber group. The plant is native to New Zealand, where the fiber, sometimes called New Zealand “hemp,” or “flax,” has been used since ancient times for cordage, fabrics, and

hydrogen cyanide, a highly volatile, colourless, and extremely poisonous liquid (boiling point 26° C [79° F], freezing point -14° C [7° F]). A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid, or prussic acid. It was discovered in 1782 by a Swedish chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who

Formosa, city, capital of Formosa provincia (province), northeastern Argentina. It is located on the western bank of the Paraguay River southwest of Asunción, Paraguay. It was founded in 1879 during the military conquest of the central Gran Chaco following the defeat of Paraguay in the War of the

Taiwan, island in the western Pacific Ocean that lies roughly 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of southeastern China. It is approximately 245 miles (395 km) long (north-south) and 90 miles (145 km) across at its widest point. Taipei, in the north, is the seat of government of the Republic of China

Bioko, island of Equatorial Guinea, western Africa, lying in the Bight of Biafra (Gulf of Guinea) about 60 miles (100 km) off the coast of southern Nigeria and 100 miles (160 km) northwest of continental Equatorial Guinea. In 1973 the island, then called Fernando Po, was renamed Macias Nguema

Formosa, provincia (province), northern Argentina. It lies within the Gran Chaco, a vast alluvial plain having poor drainage. The east-central city of Formosa is the provincial capital. The province is covered with forests, grasslands, and marshes. Formosa is bordered by Paraguay (north and east).

Taiwan Strait, arm of the Pacific Ocean, 100 miles (160 km) wide at its narrowest point, lying between the coast of China’s Fukien province and the island of Taiwan (Formosa). The strait extends from southwest to northeast between the South and East China seas. It reaches a depth of about 230 feet

Chinese remainder theorem, ancient theorem that gives the conditions necessary for multiple equations to have a simultaneous integer solution. The theorem has its origin in the work of the 3rd-century-ad Chinese mathematician Sun Zi, although the complete theorem was first given in 1247 by Qin

false cypress: The wood of the Formosan cypress (C. formosensis), a tree more than 58 metres (190 feet) tall, is used locally for construction; it is not fragrant like the wood of other cypresses.

sweet gum: The Formosan gum (L. formosana), with three-lobed leaves, is widely grown as a garden tree in mild climates.

Formosan languages, aboriginal languages of Formosa (Taiwan). They are now chiefly spoken only in small communities in remote areas. The Formosan languages belong to the Austronesian family. They are diverse and fall into three major branches: Atayalic, Tsonic, and Paiwanic. The last is the largest

macaque: Species: The Formosan rock macaque (M. cyclopis) is closely related to the rhesus monkey and lives only in Taiwan. Japanese macaques, or snow monkeys (M. fuscata), are larger, more muscular, and shaggy-haired with pink faces and very short furry tails. These monkeys are important figures in myths…

serow: The Formosan serow, a much smaller species (25–30 kg [55–66 pounds]), is from Taiwan and has woollier and softer pelage than the mainland serow. Its body coloration is brown to reddish and is yellowish on the chin, throat, and neck. The Formosan serow occurs widely across…

Formosus was the pope from 891 to 896, whose posthumous trial is one of the most bizarre incidents in papal history. In 864 he was made cardinal bishop of Porto–Santa Rufina, Italy, by Pope Nicholas I, who sent him to promote the conversion of Bulgaria. He was assigned missions to France by Pope

ethics: Varieties of consequentialism: …between “act-consequentialism” and “rule-consequentialism”? In Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism (1965), David Lyons argued that if the rule were formulated with sufficient precision to take into account all its causally relevant consequences, rule-utilitarianism would collapse into act-utilitarianism. If rule-utilitarianism is to be maintained as a distinct position, therefore, there must…

Max Scheler: …Wissenformen und die Gesellschaft (1924; The Forms of Knowledge and Society) was an introduction to his projected philosophical anthropology and metaphysics. His Die Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos (1928; Man’s Place in Nature) is a sketch for these projected major works. It offers a grandiose vision of a gradual, self-becoming…

Solomon Formstecher was a Jewish idealist philosopher who was rabbi at Offenbach from 1842. Die Religion des Geistes (1841; “The Religion of the Spirit”) is considered the most complete exposition of his philosophy and a thorough systematization of Judaism. He believed there were only two basic

formal logic: General observations: …for stringing these together into formulas, and rules for manipulating these formulas; the second consists in attaching certain meanings to these symbols and formulas. If only the former is done, the system is said to be uninterpreted, or purely formal; if the latter is done as well, the system is…

chemical formula, any of several kinds of expressions of the composition or structure of chemical compounds. The forms commonly encountered are empirical, molecular, structural, and projection formulas. An empirical formula consists of symbols representing elements in a compound, such as Na for

infant mortality rate: Breastfeeding controversies: The use of infant formula has come under attack in both developing countries and LDCs as well as in the industrialized world. Many forms of infant formula start as powders that must be mixed with water to be used. The World Health Organization (WHO) has questioned the use…

air racing: …recognizes several fixed-race classes, including Formula 1, Formula V, Biplane, T-6, T-28, Sport Class, and Unlimited. Formula 1 pylon races are held regularly, mainly at Reno, Nev.

Formula One: Formula One in popular culture: …F1 than the Netflix series Formula 1: Drive to Survive. From its debut in 2019, it has followed drivers, managers, and teams through the breakneck twists and turns of each F1 season. The series is credited with having made many current F1 drivers household names. F1 sought to build on…

diplomatics: Types of documents: …studying documents is in the formula books of the various chanceries. Notaries drawing up the various forms of medieval documents did not usually compose each new text afresh but, rather, copied from books in which such text formulas had been collected, a practice that can be traced back to Roman…

The Protestant Heritage: The community of the baptized and the political community: …process in 1523 with his Formula Missae (“Formula of the Mass”), a service that retained the Latin language; but he soon devised (in 1526) a Deutsche Messe (“German Mass”), a vernacular worship service. At about the same time, Zwingli produced a worship service with liturgies for the Word and the…

Formula One (F1), the most prestigious international open-wheel, single-seat automobile racing competition in the world. At the heart of F1’s allure is speed. Cars travel in excess of 200 miles (almost 322 km) per hour. The 2026 Formula One World Championship will run from March to December and

Formula racing is one of the most popular competitive automobile sports in the world. It usually comprises contests between single-seat, open-wheel vehicles (a type of race car design that accommodates only one driver, with the wheels outside and not covered by the vehicle’s main body), which are

FORTRAN, computer programming language created in 1957 by John Backus that shortened the process of programming and made computer programming more accessible. The creation of FORTRAN, which debuted in 1957, marked a significant stage in the development of computer programming languages. Previous

FORTRAN, computer programming language created in 1957 by John Backus that shortened the process of programming and made computer programming more accessible. The creation of FORTRAN, which debuted in 1957, marked a significant stage in the development of computer programming languages. Previous

formula weight, in chemistry, the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms appearing in a given chemical formula. Formula weight is expressed in units of atomic mass units (amu) or daltons (Da). It is generally applied to a substance that does not consist of individual molecules, such as the ionic

chemical formula, any of several kinds of expressions of the composition or structure of chemical compounds. The forms commonly encountered are empirical, molecular, structural, and projection formulas. An empirical formula consists of symbols representing elements in a compound, such as Na for

John G. Avildsen: …the Big City (1978) and The Formula (1980), a conspiracy thriller with Marlon Brando and George C. Scott, illustrated Avildsen’s unfortunate tendency to follow victory with defeat. His adaptation of Thomas Berger’s novel Neighbors (1981), starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd, was also a critical and commercial disappointment, as was…

diplomatics: Types of documents: … (early 8th century) and the Formulae imperiales (828–832). Significant collections of formulas serving as models for papal documents have been preserved from the 13th century.

diplomatics: Types of documents: …were made, such as the Formulae Marculfi (early 8th century) and the Formulae imperiales (828–832). Significant collections of formulas serving as models for papal documents have been preserved from the 13th century.

Giuseppe Peano: His Formulaire de mathématiques (Italian Formulario mathematico, “Mathematical Formulary”), published from 1894 to 1908 with collaborators, was intended to develop mathematics in its entirety from its fundamental postulates, using Peano’s logic notation and his simplified international language. This proved hard to read, and after World War…

Thomas Madox: …he wrote his first work, Formulare Anglicanum (1702), a classified collection of charters and legal instruments of Britain from 1066 to 1547. Chosen primarily from the archives of the court of augmentation, this work is considered a landmark in the diplomatic history of post-Conquest charters.

Giuseppe Peano: His Formulaire de mathématiques (Italian Formulario mathematico, “Mathematical Formulary”), published from 1894 to 1908 with collaborators, was intended to develop mathematics in its entirety from its fundamental postulates, using Peano’s logic notation and his simplified international language. This proved hard to read, and after World War…

procedural law: Roman law and the Islamic legal tradition: …century bce, a more flexible formulary procedure developed. Lawsuits were divided into two parts, the first being devoted to defining the issues, the second to deciding the case. The suit began with the parties presenting their claims and defenses orally to a judicial official called a praetor, whose main function…

formwork, Mold used to form concrete into structural shapes (beams, columns, slabs, shells) for building. Formwork can be of timber, steel, plastic, or fiberglass. The inside surface is coated with a bond breaker (plastic or oil) to keep the concrete from sticking to the mold. Important for

carboxylic acid: Nomenclature and synthesis: …chloride of formic acid (formyl chloride) cannot be isolated, because it decomposes to carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl). The only practical way to synthesize acyl chlorides is to treat a carboxylic acid with a compound such as thionyl chloride (see above Principal reactions of carboxylic acids: Conversion…

aldehyde: Synthesis of aldehydes: A formyl group (―CHO) can be put onto an aromatic ring by several methods (ArH → ArCHO). In one of the most common of these, called the Reimer-Tiemann reaction, phenols (ArOH) are converted to phenolic aldehydes by treatment with chloroform in basic solution. The ―CHO group…

metabolism: Synthesis of proteins: …of the protein is always formylmethionine (f-Met). There is no evidence that f-Met is involved in protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.

Heathenry, a modern Pagan, or Neo-Pagan, religion. Its followers, Heathens, are inspired by the pre-Christian religions of Europe’s linguistically Germanic societies—most commonly those that spoke Old Norse. Heathens have assembled their new religion from a range of historical and archaeological

fornaldarsǫgur, class of Icelandic sagas dealing with the ancient myths and hero legends of Germania, with the adventures of Vikings, or with other exotic adventures in foreign lands. These stories take place on the European continent before the settlement of Iceland. Though the existing

fornaldarsǫgur, class of Icelandic sagas dealing with the ancient myths and hero legends of Germania, with the adventures of Vikings, or with other exotic adventures in foreign lands. These stories take place on the European continent before the settlement of Iceland. Though the existing

Sigurdur Jóhannesson Nordal: His short-story collection Fornar ástir (1919; “Old Loves”) played a significant role in the development of the modern Icelandic short story and the prose-lyric form. Nordal’s Íslenzk lestrarbók 1400–1900 (1924; “Icelandic Anthology 1400–1900”) was also influential.

Fornax, constellation in the southern sky at about 3 hours right ascension and 30° south in declination. Its brightest star is Alpha Fornacis, with a magnitude of 3.9. The French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille formed this constellation in 1754; it represents a type of furnace that is used in

Juan Pablo Forner was the foremost literary polemicist of the 18th century in Spain. His brilliant wit was often admirably used against fads, affectations, and muddleheadedness but also often cruelly and spitefully against personalities. Forner was educated in Salamanca, studying widely in Greek,

Maria Irene Fornés was a Cuban-born American dramatist. Her family moved to the United States in 1945, and she became a painter before beginning to write plays in the early 1960s. She wrote more than 40 stage works and directed her own works as well as classic drama. Her innovative dramas made her

protozoan: Annotated classification: Fornicata Possess unique B fibre, a non-microtubular fibre, against 1 microtubular root. Carpediemonas Biflagellated, free-living unicells with a broad cytostome containing a posterior-directed flagellum. Eopharyngia Lack typical mitochondria;

Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard: …and was knighted after the Battle of Fornovo (1495). In Louis XII’s wars he was the hero of numerous combats; he was wounded at the assault on Canossa and was the hero of a celebrated combat of 11 French knights against an equal number of Spanish ones. On one occasion…

Faroe Islands, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean between Iceland and the Shetland Islands. They form a self-governing overseas administrative division of the kingdom of Denmark. There are 17 inhabited islands and many islets and reefs. The main islands are Streymoy (Streym), Eysturoy

Faroese language, language spoken in the Faroe Islands by some 48,000 inhabitants. Faroese belongs to the West Scandinavian group of the North Germanic languages. It preserves more characteristics of Old Norse than any other language except modern Icelandic, to which it is closely related, but with

Anatolian languages: Palaic: …was first advocated by Assyriologist Emil Forrer in 1922. As with Old Hittite, part of the Palaic material is preserved on tablets written in a hand known as “old ductus.” The knowledge of the limited vocabulary leaves much to be desired, but, despite some unmistakable influences from the non-Indo-European Hattian,…

Ludwig Forrer was a Swiss statesman, twice elected federal president of the Swiss Confederation, who was a noted proponent of Swiss legal reform. A leader of Zürich radicalism and a lawyer of national prominence, Forrer served between 1873 and 1900 on the federal Nationalrat (national assembly),

Forres, small royal burgh (town) in the council area and historic county of Moray, northeastern Scotland, 12 miles (19 km) west-southwest of Elgin. The town’s first royal charter was probably granted in 1150 by King David I and, in any case, was confirmed by James IV in 1496. The castle was a royal

Forrest City, city and seat (1874) of St. Francis county, east-central Arkansas, U.S., on the west slope of Crowley’s Ridge between the L’Anguille and St. Francis rivers, 45 miles (72 km) west of Memphis, Tennessee. Originally a railroad camp, it was founded (1866) by the Confederate general Nathan

Forrest Gump, American film, released in 1994, that chronicled 30 years (from the 1950s through the early 1980s) of the life of a intellectually disabled man (played by Tom Hanks) in an unlikely fable that earned critical praise, large audiences, and six Academy Awards, including best picture.

Sir John Forrest was an explorer and statesman who led pioneer expeditions into Australia’s western interior. As Western Australia’s first premier (1890–1901), he sponsored public works construction and negotiated the state’s entry into the Australian Commonwealth in 1901. After entering Western

The Olympic Games have, of course, produced numerous fascinating stories—some inspiring, some tragic, and some, such as the tale of Forrest Smithson, a bit befuddling. Smithson’s enduring and endearing legend maintains that the U.S. hurdler protested the scheduling of competition on Sundays by

Edwin Forrest was an American actor who was the centre of two major scandals of the mid-19th century. In 1820 he made his stage debut as Young Norval in John Home’s tragedy Douglas at the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia. In 1825 he played in support of Edmund Kean, and his maturity as an

Leon Forrest was an African-American author of large, inventive novels that fuse myth, history, legend, and contemporary realism. Forrest attended the University of Chicago and served in the U.S. Army before beginning his career as a writer. From 1965 to 1973 Forrest worked as a journalist for

Nathan Bedford Forrest was a Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War (1861–65) who was often described as a “born military genius.” His rule of action, “Get there first with the most men,” became one of the most often quoted statements of the war. Forrest is also one of the most

Ida Lupino: Directing: …in which Not Wanted star Sally Forrest played a young dancer stricken with polio. With that film Lupino became Hollywood’s first credited female director since the retirement of Dorothy Arzner in 1943. In 1950 Lupino also became the second woman admitted to the Directors Guild of America.

Sir John Forrest was an explorer and statesman who led pioneer expeditions into Australia’s western interior. As Western Australia’s first premier (1890–1901), he sponsored public works construction and negotiated the state’s entry into the Australian Commonwealth in 1901. After entering Western

warship: Large carriers: …full jet carrier was USS Forrestal, commissioned in 1955. The 60,000-ton Forrestal carriers were built with rectangular extensions to the after part of the flight deck; these considerably widened the deck and allowed the angled landing strip to be merely painted on rather than extended over the side. The elevators…

James V. Forrestal was the first U.S. secretary of defense (1947–49). Earlier, in the Navy Department, he directed the huge naval expansion and procurement programs of World War II. After serving in naval aviation in World War I, Forrestal resumed his connection with a New York City investment

James V. Forrestal was the first U.S. secretary of defense (1947–49). Earlier, in the Navy Department, he directed the huge naval expansion and procurement programs of World War II. After serving in naval aviation in World War I, Forrestal resumed his connection with a New York City investment

Jay Wright Forrester was an American electrical engineer and management expert who invented the random-access magnetic core memory, the information-storage device employed in most digital computers. He also led the development of an early general purpose computer and was regarded as the founder of

Sao Tome and Principe: Ethnic groups: The population consists mainly of Forros (from forro, Portuguese for “free man”), descendants of immigrant Europeans and enslaved Africans. Another group, the Angolares, descended from formerly enslaved Angolans who were shipwrecked on São Tomé about 1540. The Angolares remained apart in the isolated southern zone of São Tomé island until…

John Ruskin: Cultural criticism of John Ruskin: …the following year he launched Fors Clavigera, a one-man monthly magazine in which, from 1871 to 1878 and 1880 to 1884 he developed his idiosyncratic cultural theories. Like his successive series of Oxford lectures (1870–79 and 1883–84), Fors is an unpredictable mixture of striking insights, powerful rhetoric, self-indulgence, bigotry, and…

Fortuna, in Roman religion, goddess of chance or lot who became identified with the Greek Tyche; the original Italian deity was probably regarded as the bearer of prosperity and increase. As such she resembles a fertility deity, hence her association with the bounty of the soil and the fruitfulness

The Forsaken Merman, poem by Matthew Arnold, published in 1849 in The Strayed Reveller, and Other Poems, the author’s first verse collection. The merman of the poem grieves for his human wife, who, after hearing the church bells at Easter, has abandoned him and their children to live on land among

Colorado Avalanche: …high-scoring centres Joe Sakic and Peter Forsberg, and the Avalanche easily won another division title. In the postseason the Avs became the first relocated team to win an NHL title in its first season in its new city by sweeping the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup finals. Colorado…

Hermann Gunkel: …Bousset he founded the series Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten Testaments und des Neuen Testaments (1903– ; “Research into the Religion and Literature of the Old and New Testaments”).

Sakari Yrjö-Koskinen was a historian and politician, author of the first history of Finland in Finnish. Later he guided the Old Finn Party in its policy of compliance with Russia’s unconstitutional Russification program in Finland. Forsman—later, when he was made a baron, named Yrjö-Koskinen—was a

Werner Forssmann was a German surgeon who shared with André F. Cournand and Dickinson W. Richards the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1956. A pioneer in heart research, Forssmann contributed to the development of cardiac catheterization, a procedure in which a tube is inserted into a vein

Forster, town, eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on Cape Hawke south of the entrance to Lake Wallis, a 30-square-mile (80-square-km) coastal lagoon. Forster was founded in 1862 and named for William Forster, secretary for lands (1868–70), and was proclaimed a town in 1961. It is

William Edward Forster was a British statesman noted for his Education Act of 1870, which established in Great Britain the elements of a primary school system, and for his term (1880–82) as chief secretary for Ireland, where his repression of the radical Land League won him the nickname “Buckshot

E.M. Forster was a British novelist, essayist, and social and literary critic. His fame rests largely on his novels Howards End (1910) and A Passage to India (1924) and on a large body of criticism. Forster’s father, an architect, died when the son was a baby, and he was brought up by his mother

E.M. Forster was a British novelist, essayist, and social and literary critic. His fame rests largely on his novels Howards End (1910) and A Passage to India (1924) and on a large body of criticism. Forster’s father, an architect, died when the son was a baby, and he was brought up by his mother

Georg Forster was an explorer and scientist who helped to establish the literary travel book as a favoured genre in German literature. With his father, Johann Reinhold Forster, he emigrated to England in 1766. Both were invited to accompany Capt. James Cook on his second voyage around the world

Georg Forster was an explorer and scientist who helped to establish the literary travel book as a favoured genre in German literature. With his father, Johann Reinhold Forster, he emigrated to England in 1766. Both were invited to accompany Capt. James Cook on his second voyage around the world

Georg Forster: Johann Reinhold Forster, he emigrated to England in 1766. Both were invited to accompany Capt. James Cook on his second voyage around the world (1772–75). Georg Forster’s account of the journey, A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World (1777), was based on…

John Forster was a writer and journalist, a notable figure in mid-19th-century literary London who, through his friendship with the influential editor Leigh Hunt, became adviser, agent, and proofreader to many leading writers of the day. A close friend and adviser of Charles Dickens, he wrote The

Josef Bohuslav Förster was a Czech composer belonging to the school of Leoš Janác̆ek and Josef Suk. The son of the organ composer Josef Förster, he studied at the Prague Conservatory and was organist at several Prague churches and music critic of Národní Listy. From 1893 to 1903 he lived at

Margaret Forster was a British novelist and biographer whose books are known for their detailed characterizations. Forster studied at Somerville College, Oxford (B.A., 1960). Her novels generally feature ordinary heroines struggling with issues of love and family. Her first novel, Dames’ Delight,

Medium Cool: …cameraman John Cassellis (played by Robert Forster) as he shoots hard-to-get footage of disasters, accidents, and other unseemly incidents that his network demands. Cassellis faces a moral dilemma when he learns his bosses are providing footage to the Federal Bureau of Investigation to track down dissidents. Initially detached from the…

Thomas Forster was an English Jacobite and leader of the 1715 uprising in Scotland and northern England. Forster was a member of Parliament from 1708 to 1716, but his Jacobite proclivities became known, and in 1715 he was ordered under arrest by the House of Commons. He fled before this could be

William Edward Forster was a British statesman noted for his Education Act of 1870, which established in Great Britain the elements of a primary school system, and for his term (1880–82) as chief secretary for Ireland, where his repression of the radical Land League won him the nickname “Buckshot

Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche was the sister of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who became his guardian and literary executor. An early believer in the superiority of the Teutonic races, she married an anti-Semitic agitator, Bernhard Förster. In the 1880s they went to Paraguay and founded

igneous rock: Chemical components: …by making a magnesium-olivine (forsterite; Mg2SiO4), along with the pyroxene, since the olivine requires only one-half as much silica for every mole of magnesium oxide. On the other hand, a silicic magma may have excess silica such that some will be left after all the silicate minerals were formed…

forsterite-fayalite series, the most important minerals in the olivine family and possibly the most important constituents of the Earth’s mantle. Included in the series are the following varieties: forsterite magnesium silicate (Mg2SiO4) and fayalite iron silicate (Fe2SiO4). Compositions

Forsyte family, fictional upper-middle-class English family created by John Galsworthy in his novel sequence The Forsyte Saga and further treated in A Modern Comedy (1929), a trilogy set in the post-World War I era and consisting of The White Monkey (1924), The Silver Spoon (1926), and Swan Song

Television in the United States: Educational TV: …PBS were British imports, including The Forsyte Saga (PBS, 1969–70), a 26-part adaptation of the John Galsworthy novels about a wealthy English family in the years 1879 through 1926, and Masterpiece Theatre (PBS, from 1971), an anthology of British programming from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and other producers. Perhaps…

The Forsyte Saga, sequence of three novels linked by two interludes by John Galsworthy. The saga chronicles the lives of three generations of a moneyed middle-class English family at the turn of the century. As published in 1922, The Forsyte Saga consisted of the novel The Man of Property (1906),

Alexander John Forsyth was a Scottish Presbyterian minister and inventor who between 1805 and 1807 produced a percussion lock for firearms that would explode a priming compound with a sharp blow, thereby avoiding the priming powder and free, exposed sparks of the flintlock system. The son of a

Andrew Russell Forsyth was a British mathematician, best known for his mathematical textbooks. In 1877 Forsyth entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied mathematics under Arthur Cayley. Forsyth graduated in 1881 as first wrangler (first place in the annual Mathematical Tripos contest)

Scotland: The arts: Director Bill Forsyth first gained international acclaim in the 1980s, and his 1983 film Local Hero prompted a wave of tourism to the western islands. Scottish filmmaking also enjoyed a renaissance after the success of Braveheart (1995), an American production that chronicles Scottish battles with the…