- Drop-the-Dip (ride)
roller coaster: Coney Island amusement park: …high-speed coaster, Drop-the-Dip (later called Rough Riders). These increased levels of danger, however, brought improvements in safety, such as the introduction of lap bars, which kept passengers seated. Prior to lap bars, riders simply held on to seat handles during inversions while being pressed into their seats by the g-forces…
- Dropkin, Celia (American poet)
Yiddish literature: Yiddish women writers: Celia Dropkin lived in Warsaw and Kiev before immigrating to the United States in 1912. She began writing poetry in Russian. She was associated with both Di Yunge and the Introspectivists, and, in the words of critic Kathryn Hellerstein, “her poems of sex, love, and…
- droplet phase-separation mechanism (chemistry)
industrial glass: Phase separation: …of phase separation exist, the nucleated droplet and the spinodal; the microstructures produced by these two mechanisms, as revealed by electron microscopy, are shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4A the interface between the droplets and the matrix is sharp, owing to a sharp change in composition. With time the…
- dropout sinkhole (geology)
cave: Doline karst: The latter, known as cover collapse sinks and cover subsidence sinks, occur where soils are thick and can be washed into the subsurface by the process of soil piping. Soil loss begins at the bedrock interface. An arched void forms, which migrates upward through the soil until finally the…
- Dropout, The (American television miniseries)
Amanda Seyfried: Rising popularity and awards: …Elizabeth Holmes in the miniseries The Dropout. Her portrayal was critically acclaimed, and she won the Emmy and Golden Globe awards for best lead actress in a limited or anthology series or film. In 2025 Seyfried again used her vocal skills to take the lead role in The Testament of…
- Dropped Cone (sculpture by Oldenburg and van Bruggen)
Claes Oldenburg: …century, installing various sculptures, including Dropped Cone (2001), which was placed atop a shopping mall in Cologne, Germany. Their final collaboration, Tumbling Tacks, was unveiled on the grounds of the Kistefos Museum, Jevnaker, Norway, in 2009, several months after van Bruggen died from breast cancer. In 2011 Oldenburg created his…
- dropped goal (sports)
rugby: Scoring: …it through the uprights (“drop-goal”). In 1892 a try was worth three points, and drop-goals were worth four points. Penalty goals were introduced in 1894. By 1900 a try counted three points, a goal converting a try added two more points, and a penalty or drop-goal from the field…
- dropped third strike (baseball)
baseball: Getting on base: …of reaching base is the dropped third strike. If, with two men out or with first base unoccupied regardless of how many are out, the batter swings and misses the ball for his third strike or the umpire calls the third strike and if the catcher does not catch the…
- Dropping the Pilot (cartoon by Tenniel)
Sir John Tenniel: …famous cartoon was probably “Dropping the Pilot” (1890), on the subject of Bismarck’s resignation. Tenniel was knighted in 1893 and retired from Punch in 1901. He illustrated many books; his drawings for Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass are remarkably subtle and clever and are extremely well-suited…
- dropshipping (business)
dropshipping, an e-commerce business model in which the vendor does not hold the product inventory but serves as an intermediary between the buyers and a third-party supplier. The dropshipping model became possible with the growth of online content and social media, which allow the vendor to reach
- Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning (college, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States)
Cyrus Adler: …became the first president of Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning, in Philadelphia. There Adler published and edited the Jewish Quarterly Review, which had been previously printed in England. With Schechter, in 1913, he created the United Synagogue of America, a laymen’s organization that remains the chief organ of…
- dropsonde (weather device)
tropical cyclone: Use of satellites and aircraft: …and an instrument called a dropsonde is released through the bottom of the aircraft to measure the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. In many cases, the naming of a tropical storm, or its upgrade from tropical storm to tropical cyclone, is based on aircraft observations.
- dropstone (mineralogy)
varved deposit: These clasts are called dropstones and were introduced vertically through the water column into the lake area, where only fine-grained sediments normally accumulate, by ice rafting and melting. This phenomenon of disrupted varvites constitutes the strongest evidence of past glacial activity in a region.
- dropsy (medical disorder)
anasarca, a severe, generalized form of edema
- Drosera (plant)
sundew, (genus Drosera), genus of approximately 152 carnivorous plant species in the family Droseraceae. Sundews are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, especially in Australia, and are common in bogs and fens with sandy acidic soil. Carnivory does not provide sundews with energy
- Drosera capensis (plant)
sundew: Major species: The Cape sundew (D. capensis), native to the Cape region of South Africa, features long narrow leaves with red-tipped glands and is commonly sold as a novelty plant. Two species (D. katangensis and D. insolita) native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo are listed as…
- Drosera insolita (plant)
sundew: Major species: katangensis and D. insolita) native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo are listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- Drosera katangensis (plant)
sundew: Major species: Two species (D. katangensis and D. insolita) native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo are listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- Drosera rotundifolia (plant)
sundew: Major species: …and west European sundew, the roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), has small white or pinkish flowers 1.25 cm (0.5 inch) across or less and bears round flat leaves with purplish hairs on a long fuzzy stalk. The Cape sundew (D. capensis), native to the Cape region of South Africa, features long…
- Droseraceae (plant family)
Droseraceae, sundew plant family, consisting of three genera and some 155 species of carnivorous plants in the order Caryophyllales. With the exception of the aquatic genus Aldrovanda, the members of Droseraceae typically grow in bogs and fens with poor soil conditions. The largest genus, Drosera,
- drosomycin (gene)
Jules Hoffmann: …for regulating a gene called drosomycin, which encodes an antifungal peptide. Hoffmann found that mutations in molecules in the signaling pathway, known as the Toll (from the German word meaning “amazing” or “great”) signaling pathway, resulted in reduced survival of Drosophila following fungal infection. The discovery was crucial because it…
- Drosophila (insect genus)
vinegar fly, (genus Drosophila), genus of small fruit flies comprising about 1,500 species. Some species, particularly D. melanogaster, are used extensively in laboratory and field experiments on genetics and evolution because they are easy to raise and have a short life cycle (less than two weeks
- Drosophila birchi (insect)
evolution: Ethological (behavioral) isolation: The vinegar flies Drosophila serrata, D. birchii, and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly indistinguishable morphologically) that are endemic in Australia and on the islands of New Guinea and New Britain. In many areas these three species occupy the same territory, but no hybrids are known…
- Drosophila dominicana (insect)
evolution: Ethological (behavioral) isolation: birchii, and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly indistinguishable morphologically) that are endemic in Australia and on the islands of New Guinea and New Britain. In many areas these three species occupy the same territory, but no hybrids are known to occur in…
- Drosophila equinoxialis (insect)
evolution: Geographic speciation: willistoni and D. equinoxialis, each consist of groups of populations in the first stage of speciation and are identified as different subspecies. Two D. willistoni subspecies live in continental South America—D. willistoni quechua lives west of the Andes and D. willistoni willistoni east of the Andes. They…
- Drosophila melanogaster (fly)
Calvin Blackman Bridges: …experiments using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which showed that heritable variations in the insect could be traced to observable changes in its chromosomes. These experiments led to the construction of “gene maps” and proved the chromosome theory of heredity. Bridges, with Morgan and Alfred Henry Sturtevant, published these results…
- Drosophila paulistorum (insect)
evolution: Geographic speciation: …species of the group is D. paulistorum, a species that includes groups of populations well into the second stage of geographic speciation. Six such groups have been identified as semispecies, or incipient species, two or three of which are sympatric in many localities. Male hybrids between individuals of the different…
- Drosophila pseudoobscura (insect)
Theodosius Dobzhansky: …populations of the vinegar fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, he found extensive genetic variability. Furthermore, about 1940 evidence accumulated that in a given local population some genes would regularly change in frequency with the seasons of the year. For example, a certain gene might appear in 40 percent of all individuals in…
- Drosophila serrata (insect)
evolution: Ethological (behavioral) isolation: The vinegar flies Drosophila serrata, D. birchii, and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly indistinguishable morphologically) that are endemic in Australia and on the islands of New Guinea and New Britain. In many areas these three species occupy the same territory, but no hybrids…
- Drosophila willistoni (insect)
evolution: Geographic speciation: …related species of New World Drosophila flies that have been extensively studied by evolutionists for several decades. Two of these sibling species, D. willistoni and D. equinoxialis, each consist of groups of populations in the first stage of speciation and are identified as different subspecies. Two D. willistoni subspecies live…
- Drosophilidae (insect family)
fruit fly: …flies, and those of the Drosophilidae as small fruit flies or vinegar flies. (See vinegar fly.)
- Drosophyllaceae (plant family)
carnivorous plant: Major families: …placed within its own family, Drosophyllaceae (order Caryophyllales), of which it is the only species.
- Drosophyllum lusitanicum (plant)
carnivorous plant: Major families: Once classified within Droseraceae, the Portuguese sundew (Drosophyllum lusitanicum) is now placed within its own family, Drosophyllaceae (order Caryophyllales), of which it is the only species.
- Drost, Aernout (Dutch author)
Aernout Drost was a Dutch writer whose historical novels were the first important works of the 19th-century Romantic movement in the Netherlands. His passion for history influenced many of his contemporaries and successors. Drost’s first novel, Hermingard van de Eikenterpen (1832; “Hermingard of
- Droste-Hülshoff, Annette, Freiin von (German poet)
Annette, Freiin von Droste-Hülshoff was a poet and prose writer, among the most important poets of 19th-century Germany and the author of a novella considered a forerunner of 19th-century realistic fiction. Born into a family of Roman Catholic aristocracy, she was educated by tutors and lived most
- drott-kvaett (literature)
drott-kvaett, a medieval Scandinavian verse form used in skaldic poetry. Drott-kvaett consists of stanzas of eight regular lines, each of which has three stresses and ends with a trochee. The form exhibits a complex pattern of internal and terminal rhyme, alliteration, and especially alternation of
- dróttkvætt (literature)
drott-kvaett, a medieval Scandinavian verse form used in skaldic poetry. Drott-kvaett consists of stanzas of eight regular lines, each of which has three stresses and ends with a trochee. The form exhibits a complex pattern of internal and terminal rhyme, alliteration, and especially alternation of
- Drottningens juvelsmycke (work by Almqvist)
Carl Jonas Love Almqvist: …rewritten and published 1839) and Drottningens juvelsmycke (1834; “The Queen’s Diamond Ornament”), a historical novel whose heroine, the mysterious, hermaphroditic Tintomara, is Almqvist’s most fascinating character and a central symbol in his creative writings. Det går an (1838; Sara Videbeck, 1919) is a brilliant, realistic story pleading for the emancipation…
- Drottningholm (Sweden)
Nicodemus Tessin, the Elder: …in Sweden, the palace at Drottningholm (1662–86), was commissioned by the dowager queen Hedvig Eleonora. It shows French Baroque influences in its plan, gardens, and interior, but it also has Italian Classical elements and is capped by the peculiarly Nordic sateri roof. Tessin’s other principal works are the cathedral at…
- Drottningholm Island (island, Sweden)
Lake Mälaren: The island of Drottningholm (Queen’s Island) has a 17th-century palace that is a royal summer residence with a fine park and formal gardens. The château of Skokloster, south of Uppsala, on the northern arm of Lake Mälaren, has a remarkable collection of trophies, including an armoury, from the…
- Drottningholm Palace (palace, Sweden)
Drottningholm Palace, Royal palace, near Stockholm. It was designed by Nicodemus Tessin (1615–81) and built 1662–86. It shows French Baroque influences in its plan, gardens, and interior, but it also has Italian Classical elements and is capped by a Nordic sateri roof. A theatre attached to it was
- Drottningholm Theatre (building, Drottningholm, Sweden)
Drottningholm Theatre, 18th-century court theatre of the Royal Palace of Drottningholm, near Stockholm, Swed. It is preserved with its original sets and stage machinery as a theatrical museum. Built in the 1760s by the architect Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, it was the home of several French and Swedish
- Drottningholmsteater (building, Drottningholm, Sweden)
Drottningholm Theatre, 18th-century court theatre of the Royal Palace of Drottningholm, near Stockholm, Swed. It is preserved with its original sets and stage machinery as a theatrical museum. Built in the 1760s by the architect Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, it was the home of several French and Swedish
- Drouais, Jean-Germain (French painter)
Jean-Germain Drouais was a historical painter who was one of the leading early Neoclassicists in France. Drouais’s father, François-Hubert Drouais (1727–75), and his grandfather, Hubert Drouais (1699–1767), were well-known portrait painters. Jean studied first under his father, then under N.-G.
- Drouet, Jean-Baptiste (French revolutionary [1763-1824])
Jean-Baptiste Drouet was a French revolutionary, chiefly remembered for his part in the arrest of Louis XVI at Varennes. Drouet grew up and lived in the town of Sainte-Menehould in Champagne, where his father had been postmaster. There, the carriages conveying Louis XVI and his family on their
- Drouet, Jean-Baptiste, count d’Erlon (French marshal)
Jean-Baptiste Drouet, count d’Erlon was a French soldier whose long career raised him from the ranks of both Louis XVI’s and Napoleon’s armies to be the first governor-general of Algeria and a marshal of France under Louis-Philippe. A volunteer in the regiment of Beaujolais from 1782, Drouet had
- Drouet, Juliette (French actress)
Victor Hugo: Success (1830–51): …a young and beautiful actress, Juliette Drouet, with whom he had begun a liaison in 1833. Juliette had little talent and soon renounced the stage in order to devote herself exclusively to him, becoming the discreet and faithful companion she was to remain until her death in 1883. The first…
- drought (meteorology)
drought, lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended period that causes a considerable hydrologic (water) imbalance and, consequently, water shortages, crop damage, streamflow reduction, and depletion of groundwater and soil moisture. It occurs when evaporation and transpiration (the movement of
- drought polygon (region, Brazil)
Brazil: Climate of Brazil: …the Northeast, sometimes called the drought quadrilateral or drought polygon, that extends from northern Bahia to the coast between Natal and São Luís; that zone receives about 15–30 inches (375–750 mm) of precipitation a year. Much of Brazil receives 40–70 inches (1,000–1,800 mm) annually, but precipitation often is much heavier…
- drought quadrilateral (region, Brazil)
Brazil: Climate of Brazil: …the Northeast, sometimes called the drought quadrilateral or drought polygon, that extends from northern Bahia to the coast between Natal and São Luís; that zone receives about 15–30 inches (375–750 mm) of precipitation a year. Much of Brazil receives 40–70 inches (1,000–1,800 mm) annually, but precipitation often is much heavier…
- drought-deciduous forest (ecology)
tropical dry forest, biome of any open woodland in tropical areas that have a long dry season followed by a season of heavy rainfall. Tropical dry forests are found between 10° and 25° latitude and are often found north and south of the world’s tropical rainforests. With a dry season that lasts six
- drought-deciduous plant (botany)
boojum tree: … appear after rainfall and are drought-deciduous, meaning they fall off during the dry season to limit water loss. The greenish stems carry out most of the food-producing photosynthesis. The swollen trunk base is often hollow and provides a habitat for bees; the wood is somewhat spongy and retains water. The…
- Droukdel, Abdelmalek (Algerian radical leader)
al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghrib: …by the more radical members Abdelmalek Droukdel (also known as Abū Musʿab al-Wadūd) and Nabīl Saḥrāwī. After Saḥrāwī was killed by Algerian forces in 2004, Droukdel took over leadership, steering the GSPC toward a stronger affiliation with Osama bin Laden’s al-Qaeda network. As the group sought recognition from al-Qaeda’s leaders,…
- drouth (meteorology)
drought, lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended period that causes a considerable hydrologic (water) imbalance and, consequently, water shortages, crop damage, streamflow reduction, and depletion of groundwater and soil moisture. It occurs when evaporation and transpiration (the movement of
- Drouyn de Lhuys, Edmond (French statesman)
Edmond Drouyn de Lhuys was a French statesman and foreign minister under Napoleon III. Drouyn de Lhuys was a brilliant student and entered the diplomatic service early. From 1833 to 1836 he distinguished himself as chargé d’affaires at The Hague. He went next to Madrid as first secretary in the
- drowned estuary (geology)
ria, funnel-shaped estuary that occurs at a river mouth and is formed by the submergence of the lower portion of the river valley. Generally occurring along a rugged coast perpendicular to a mountain chain, many rias were formed by the rise in sea level after the melting of the vast continental
- Drowned, The (novel by Banville)
John Banville: Benjamin Black books and mystery series: In 2024 Banville published The Drowned, in which Strafford and Quirke investigate the sudden disappearance of a woman in a small coastal town.
- drowning
drowning, suffocation by immersion in a liquid, usually water. Water closing over the victim’s mouth and nose cuts off the body’s supply of oxygen. Deprived of oxygen the victim stops struggling, loses consciousness, and gives up the remaining tidal air in his lungs. There the heart may continue to
- Drowning Ghost (film by Håfström [2004])
Rebecca Ferguson: Early life and career: …her film debut, appearing in Strandvaskaren (Drowning Ghost), a horror movie cowritten and directed by Mikael Håfström. Over the remainder of the decade, however, Ferguson landed few roles. Then in 2011 she gave a notable performance in the Swedish feature film En enkel till Antibes (A One-Way Trip to Antibes),…
- Drowning of an Old Cat, The (novel by Huang Ch’un-ming)
Chinese literature: Literature in Taiwan after 1949: …Ch’un-ming’s Ni-szu i-chih lao-mao (1980; The Drowning of an Old Cat) is representative of this nativist school, which in later years gave way to a more nationalistic literature that reflected Taiwan’s current political situation. Mainland literature occasionally appears in Taiwanese periodicals, while firsthand experiences and observations by mainland émigrés and…
- Drowning Pool, The (film by Rosenberg [1975])
Stuart Rosenberg: Films of the 1970s: Rosenberg reteamed with Newman on The Drowning Pool (1975), a sequel to the hit crime drama Harper (1966). Newman reprised the role of private detective Lew Harper, and Woodward was cast as a former girlfriend.
- drowsiness (physiology)
sleep: Neural theories: …from sensory input, demonstrated chronic somnolence. It has been reasoned that a similar cutting off of sensory input, functional rather than structural, must characterize natural states of sleep. Other supporting observations for the stimulus-deficiency theory of sleep included presleep rituals such as turning out the lights, regulation of stimulus input,…
- Drowsy Chaperone, The (musical theater)
Sutton Foster: Rise to stardom: …Janet Van De Graaff in The Drowsy Chaperone (2006), a spoof of early Broadway musicals. Both performances earned her Tony nominations. Foster then appeared in two new musicals that were based on films, portraying the ditzy lab assistant Inga in Young Frankenstein (2007) and the feisty Princess Fiona in Shrek…
- Droysen, Johann Gustav (German historian)
Johann Gustav Droysen was a historian and politician whose belief in Prussia’s destiny to lead Germany influenced German unification, which he lived to see. Ironically, his ardent Prussian patriotism did not save him from falling into disfavour after the revolutionary events of 1848, because his
- Droz, Numa (Swiss politician)
Numa Droz was a prominent Swiss politician and twice federal president, who is best-remembered for his stand against the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in the Wohlgemut affair (1889). As director of the department of public instruction and religious affairs in the canton of Neuchâtel
- Drozdov, Vasily Mikhaylovich (Russian Orthodox theologian)
Philaret was a Russian Orthodox biblical theologian and metropolitan, or archbishop, of Moscow whose scholarship, oratory, and administrative ability made him the leading Russian churchman of the 19th century. Upon his graduation from the Trinity Monastery, near Moscow, in 1803, Philaret was
- DRS (sports technology)
What Is DRS in Cricket?: …“DRS” refers to the “Decision Review System,” a set of technologies introduced in 2008 to help umpires and teams review disputed on-field umpire decisions. Players on the field have a limited number of opportunities to challenge an umpiring call, and must do so within a brief time window immediately…
- DRS (aerospace instrument)
LISA Pathfinder: …Technology Package (LTP) and the Disturbance Reduction System (DRS). In the LTP two gold-platinum cubes, measuring 46 mm (1.8 inches) on a side, were suspended in evacuated chambers 37.6 cm (14.8 inches) apart. The distance between them was designed to be measured to within 1 picometre (10−12 metre) using lasers,…
- Drückender Tango (work by Müller)
Herta Müller: …a second book of stories, Drückender Tango (1984; “Oppressive Tango”)—which, like her first collection, depicted frankly the general misery of life in a small Romanian village similar to her own German-speaking hometown—she was forbidden to publish again in Romania, and in 1987 she emigrated with her husband, author Richard Wagner,…
- Drucker, Peter F. (American economist and author)
Peter F. Drucker was an Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, whose writings contributed to the philosophical and practical foundations of the modern business corporation. He was also a leader in the development of management education, and he invented the concept
- Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (American economist and author)
Peter F. Drucker was an Austrian-born American management consultant, educator, and author, whose writings contributed to the philosophical and practical foundations of the modern business corporation. He was also a leader in the development of management education, and he invented the concept
- Drudge Report (American news aggregation website)
Founded in the early days of the Internet, the Drudge Report is a U.S.-based news site whose bare-bones approach belied the role it played as a disrupter in American politics and media. Named for its brash, upstart founder, Matt Drudge, the publication was the first to break the news that U.S.
- Drudge, Matt (American journalist)
Matt Drudge is an American journalist who is best known for the Drudge Report, a conservative news and commentary website that he founded in 1995. Drudge grew up in the Washington, D.C., a suburb of Takoma Park, Maryland. In 1989, a few years after he graduated from high school, he moved to Los
- Druentia (river, France)
Durance, principal river draining the French side of the Alps toward the Mediterranean. From its origin in the Montgenèvre region, Hautes-Alpes département, to its confluence with the Rhône below Avignon, it is 189 mi (304 km) long. The Clairée and Guisane rivers, both of which are longer and more
- drug (therapeutic substance)
pharmaceutical, substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and for restoring, correcting, or modifying organic functions. (See also pharmaceutical industry.) Records of medicinal plants and minerals date to ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient
- Drug (India)
Durg, city, central Chhattisgarh state, east-central India. It is located just east of the Seonath River and is part of a larger urban area that also includes Bhilai, 4 miles (6 km) to the east. The city is an agricultural market and is heavily engaged in milling rice and pigeon peas. Durg gained
- Drug (Zoroastrianism)
providence: Personal and impersonal forms: … and is the counterpart of Drug, which represents evil and deceit and the disorder connected with them. Asha is connected with the sacred element fire. The Indian concept of rita forms the Indian counterpart of Asha and was the precursor to dharma, a notion that encompasses not only the moral…
- drug (chemical agent)
drug, any chemical substance that affects the functioning of living things and the organisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that infect them. Pharmacology, the science of drugs, deals with all aspects of drugs in medicine, including their mechanism of action, physical and chemical
- drug abuse
drug abuse, the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for nonmedical purposes despite social, psychological, and physical problems that may arise from such use. Abused substances include such agents as anabolic steroids, which are used by some athletes to accelerate muscular development
- Drug Abuse Resistance Education (American educational program)
D.A.R.E., American educational program aimed at preventing drug use among students by helping them to develop decision-making skills. Age-appropriate lessons are taught by certified police officers in K–12 classrooms. The program was well regarded by parents and teachers and often lauded by
- drug action (pharmacology)
pharmaceutical industry: Pharmacokinetic investigation: In addition to the animal toxicity studies outlined above, biopharmaceutical studies are required for all new drugs. The chemical makeup of the drug and the dosage form of the drug to be used in trials must be described. The stability of the drug…
- drug addiction (human behavior)
addiction, physical or psychological need for a substance or behavior that is physically, psychologically, or socially harmful. Addiction is accompanied by extreme difficulty in ceasing to use the substance or in ceasing to repeat the behavior, despite detrimental consequences. Substances to which
- drug allergy (medicine)
drug allergy, hypersensitivity reaction to therapeutic agents that occasionally occurs on subsequent exposure to a drug against which an individual has already produced antibodies. Various drugs are linked to allergic reactions; examples include tetracyclines, digitalis, ibuprofen, aspirin,
- drug cartel
drug cartel, an illicit consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition and control the production and distribution of illegal drugs. Drug cartels are extremely well-organized, well-financed, efficient, and ruthless. Since the 1980s, they have dominated the international
- drug consumption room (health facility)
safe injection site, medically supervised facility where individuals may use pre-obtained illicit injectable drugs in a hygienic environment where trained staff are available to intervene in case of an overdose. Safe injection sites usually provide sterile injection equipment, information about
- drug cult
drug cult, group using drugs to achieve religious or spiritual revelation and for ritualistic purposes. Though the idea may be strange to most modern worshippers, drugs have played an important role in the history of religions. The ceremonial use of wine and incense in contemporary ritual is
- drug delivery (medical technology)
nanotechnology: Drug delivery: Nanotechnology promises to impact medical treatment in multiple ways. First, advances in nanoscale particle design and fabrication provide new options for drug delivery and drug therapies. More than half of the new drugs developed each year are not water-soluble, which makes their delivery…
- drug dependency (drug use)
chemical dependency, the body’s physical and/or psychological addiction to a psychoactive (mind-altering) substance, such as narcotics, alcohol, or nicotine. Physical dependency on such chemicals as prescription drugs or alcohol stems from repetitive use followed by the gradual increase in the
- Drug Enforcement Administration (United States government agency)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Agency of the U.S. Department of Justice charged with enforcing laws that cover trafficking in controlled substances. Established in 1973, the DEA works with other agencies to control the cultivation, production, smuggling, and distribution of illicit drugs.
- Drug Enforcement Administration Ends Body Camera Use (ProCon headline)
ProCon Debate: Should Law Enforcement Agents Wear Body Cameras? ProCon Issue in the News: The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ended body camera use as of April 2, 2025, according to an internal email obtained by ProPublica. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), which oversees the DEA,
- drug fumitory (plant)
fumitory: Common, or drug, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) is a 90-cm- (3-foot-) tall climbing plant with lacy leaves and spikelike sprays of white or pinkish tubular flowers. The plant is native to Europe and Asia and has naturalized in parts of North America, having escaped cultivation. Once regarded as a medicinal…
- drug interaction (pharmacology)
pharmaceutical industry: Drug interactions: Drug interactions occur when one drug alters the pharmacological effect of another drug. The pharmacological effect of one or both drugs may be increased or decreased, or a new and unanticipated adverse effect may be produced. Drug interactions may result from pharmacokinetic interactions…
- drug overdose
drug overdose, ingestion or administration of a drug or drugs in an amount that exceeds recommended levels or quantities typically used, resulting in toxicity. Drug overdose can occur with prescription, over-the-counter, or recreational drugs and can be intentional or accidental. Symptoms vary
- drug poisoning
medicinal poisoning, harmful effects on health of certain therapeutic drugs, resulting either from overdose or from the sensitivity of specific body tissues to regular doses (side effects). Until about the 1920s, there were few effective medications at the disposal of the physician. By mid-century,
- drug resistance (biology and medicine)
drug resistance, Property of a disease-causing organism that allows it to withstand drug therapy. In any population of infectious agents, some have a mutation that helps them resist the action of a drug. The drug then kills more of the nonresistant microbes, leaving the mutants without competition
- drug testing (medicine)
Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls: …2002, ruled (5–4) that suspicionless drug testing of students participating in competitive extracurricular activities did not violate the Fourth Amendment, which guarantees protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.
- drug therapy (drug treatment)
therapeutics: Drug therapy: Study of the factors that influence the movement of drugs throughout the body is called pharmacokinetics, which includes the
- drug trade
Medellín: …became a centre for the illegal international distribution of Colombian-grown cocaine in the late 20th century. Pop. (2018) 2,382,399.
- drug trafficking
Medellín: …became a centre for the illegal international distribution of Colombian-grown cocaine in the late 20th century. Pop. (2018) 2,382,399.
- drug use
drug use, use of drugs for psychotropic rather than medical purposes. Among the most common psychotropic drugs are opiates (opium, morphine, and heroin), hallucinogens (LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin), barbiturates, cocaine, amphetamines, tranquilizers, and cannabis. Alcohol and tobacco are also