Corona Australis, constellation in the southern sky, at about 19 hours right ascension and 40° south in declination. The brightest star, Alphecca Australis, is only of the fourth magnitude. Corona Australis contains one of the nearest molecular clouds, which is about 420 light-years from Earth. The

Corona Australis, constellation in the southern sky, at about 19 hours right ascension and 40° south in declination. The brightest star, Alphecca Australis, is only of the fourth magnitude. Corona Australis contains one of the nearest molecular clouds, which is about 420 light-years from Earth. The

Corona Borealis, constellation in the northern sky at about 16 hours right ascension and 30° north in declination. Its brightest star is Alphecca, with a magnitude of 2.2. The star R Coronae Borealis is the prototype of a group of unusual variable stars that dim in brightness over the course of a

arrowworm: Form and function.: The corona ciliata is an olfactory (smell) receptor or chemoreceptor peculiar to the phylum and is formed by a series of rows of ciliated cells forming a ring or elongated oval at the neck or extending toward the head and the trunk. The digestive tract, which…

crucifixion thorn, either of two nearly leafless, very spiny shrubs or small trees of the southwestern North American deserts. Koeberlinia spinosa, the only species of the family Koeberliniaceae, with green thorns at right angles to the branches, produces small, four-petaled, greenish flowers and

Saint Elmo’s fire, luminosity accompanying brushlike discharges of atmospheric electricity that sometimes appears as a faint light on the extremities of pointed objects such as church towers or the masts of ships during stormy weather, or along electric power lines. It is commonly accompanied by a

Iron Crown of Lombardy, originally an armlet or perhaps a votive crown, as suggested by its small size, that was presented to the Cathedral of Monza, where it is preserved as a holy relic. No firm record exists of its use for coronations before that of Henry VII as Holy Roman emperor in 1312. The

Diego de Saavedra Fajardo: …Spanish literature, and for his Corona gótica (1646; “The Gothic Kingdom”), a history of Spain under the Goths.

fertilization: Egg coats: …by an outer envelope, the corona radiata, which is many cell layers thick and formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle.

Lope de Vega: Height of literary productivity: …of Mary, queen of Scots, La corona trágica, which was dedicated to Pope Urban VIII, brought in reward a doctorate in theology of the Collegium Sapientiae and the cross of the Order of Malta, out of which came his proud use of the title Frey (“Brother”). His closing years were…

coronach, in Celtic tradition, choral lament or outcry for the dead; also, a funeral song sung or shrieked by Celtic women. Though observers have frequently reported hearing such songs in Ireland or in the Scottish Highlands, no such songs have been recorded. The Scottish border ballad “The Bonny

José Donoso: …the debut novel Coronación (1957; Coronation), which won him the William Faulkner Foundation Prize in 1962. It presents the moral collapse of an aristocratic family and suggests that an insidious loss of values affects all sectors of society. Donoso’s second and third novels, Este domingo (1966; This Sunday) and El…

Coronado, city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. It lies on a peninsula between San Diego Bay and the Pacific Ocean and is linked to San Diego by the San Diego–Coronado Bay Bridge. Named after Los Coronados, a group of Mexican offshore islands, it developed around the ornate Hotel del

Coronado Bay, bay of the Pacific Ocean, bounded on the north, east, and southeast by southwestern Costa Rica. The bay, which measures approximately 25 miles (40 km) from northeast to southwest, extends from the town of Quepos southeastward for approximately 60 miles (100 km) to San Pedro (Llorona)

Spanish literature: The Romantic movement: Carolina Coronado’s early fame rested on a collection of poetry, Poesías, first published in 1843. Her poems sounded many feminist notes, although she in later life became conservative. In 1850 she published two short novels, Adoración and Paquita. La Sigea (1854), the first of three…

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado was a Spanish explorer of the North American Southwest whose expeditions resulted in the discovery of many physical landmarks, including the Grand Canyon, but who failed to find the treasure-laden cities he sought. Coronado went to New Spain (Mexico) with Antonio de

Central America: Further conquest of the Indigenous: A year later Juan Vásquez de Coronado took over as governor of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and in 1564 he established Cartago as the seat of government in the central valley of Costa Rica, where a small but industrious population developed.

coronagraph, telescope that blocks the light of a star inside the instrument so that objects close to the star can be observed. It was invented in 1930 by the French astronomer Bernard Lyot and was used to observe the Sun’s corona and prominences. When a coronagraph is used to observe the Sun, a

geomagnetic field: Cause of magnetic storms: …storms is the existence of coronal holes around the Sun. X-ray images of the Sun made during the 1970s by the U.S. Skylab astronauts revealed that the corona of the Sun is not homogeneous but often exhibits “holes”—regions within the solar atmosphere in which the density of gas is lower…

coronal mass ejection (CME), large eruption of magnetized plasma from the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona, that propagates outward into interplanetary space. The CME is one of the main transient features of the Sun. Although it is known to be formed by explosive reconfigurations of solar magnetic

coronagraph, telescope that blocks the light of a star inside the instrument so that objects close to the star can be observed. It was invented in 1930 by the French astronomer Bernard Lyot and was used to observe the Sun’s corona and prominences. When a coronagraph is used to observe the Sun, a

cardiovascular disease: Angina pectoris: …are two alternative treatments—medication or coronary angioplasty (balloon dilation of the localized obstruction by a special catheter). When coronary arteriography reveals a severe blockage of the left main coronary artery or proximally in one or more of the major arteries, coronary artery bypass graft surgery may be necessary.

coronary artery, one of two blood vessels that branch from the aorta close to its point of departure from the heart and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Both arteries supply blood to the walls of both lower chambers (ventricles) and to the partition between the chambers. The right

cardiovascular disease: Abnormalities of the coronary arteries: Abnormal openings, called coronary arterial venous fistulas, may be present between the coronary arteries and the chambers of the heart. One or more of the three main coronary arteries may be absent. While these abnormalities are frequently asymptomatic, they may be associated with early, often sudden, death. If…

cardiovascular disease: Angina pectoris: Coronary arteriography assesses the extent of coronary artery occlusion (blockage), which may vary from a small increase in coronary artery muscle tone at a partly blocked site in a branch of one of the three main coronary arteries to a 90 percent or greater blockage…

coronary artery, one of two blood vessels that branch from the aorta close to its point of departure from the heart and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Both arteries supply blood to the walls of both lower chambers (ventricles) and to the partition between the chambers. The right

coronary artery bypass, surgical treatment for coronary heart disease (or coronary artery disease), usually caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, fatty plaques build up on the walls of the coronary arteries, gradually diminishing the flow of blood through them. Insufficient blood flow

coronary artery bypass, surgical treatment for coronary heart disease (or coronary artery disease), usually caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, fatty plaques build up on the walls of the coronary arteries, gradually diminishing the flow of blood through them. Insufficient blood flow

coronary heart disease, disease characterized by an inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (myocardium) because of narrowing or blocking of a coronary artery by fatty plaques (see atherosclerosis). If the oxygen depletion is extreme, the effect may be cardiac arrest or a

coronary artery bypass, surgical treatment for coronary heart disease (or coronary artery disease), usually caused by atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, fatty plaques build up on the walls of the coronary arteries, gradually diminishing the flow of blood through them. Insufficient blood flow

coronary circulation, part of the systemic circulatory system that supplies blood to and provides drainage from the tissues of the heart. In the human heart, two coronary arteries arise from the aorta just beyond the semilunar valves; during diastole, the increased aortic pressure above the valves

coronary heart disease, disease characterized by an inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (myocardium) because of narrowing or blocking of a coronary artery by fatty plaques (see atherosclerosis). If the oxygen depletion is extreme, the effect may be cardiac arrest or a

blood: Laboratory examination of blood: …heart is damaged by a coronary occlusion (obstruction of the coronary artery) with consequent tissue death. Measurement of these enzymes in the serum is regularly performed to assist in diagnosis of this type of heart disease. Damage to the liver releases other enzymes, measurement of which aids in evaluation of…

human cardiovascular system: Chambers of the heart: …the body, respectively, and the coronary sinus, draining blood from the heart itself. Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The right ventricle, the right inferior portion of the heart, is the chamber from which the pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs.

angioplasty: …with the placement of a stent, in which a small flexible mesh tube (usually made of metal) is inserted inside the narrowed artery to hold the vessel open.

James Bryan Herrick: …describe the clinical features of coronary thrombosis (obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot). He participated in numerous medical associations and, among other honours, was awarded the American Medical Association’s Distinguished Service Medal in 1939.

circulatory system: The blood vessels: Coronary veins generally run beside corresponding arteries but diverge from them to enter the main venous supply to the right atrium, or to the sinus venosus in fishes.

human cardiovascular system: Blood supply to the heart: …and posteriorly to form the coronary venous sinus, which opens into the right atrium.

jellyfish: The order Coronatae includes about 30 species of mostly deep-sea jellyfish, often maroon in colour. A deep circular groove delimits the central part of the bell-shaped body from the periphery, which is divided into broad flaps, or lappets. The marginal tentacles are large and solid. Some species…

coronation, ceremony whereby a sovereign is inaugurated into office by receiving upon his or her head the crown, which is the chief symbol of regal authority. From earliest historical times a king, queen, or chieftain was inaugurated by some public ceremony; the sovereign might be raised upon a

José Donoso: …the debut novel Coronación (1957; Coronation), which won him the William Faulkner Foundation Prize in 1962. It presents the moral collapse of an aristocratic family and suggests that an insidious loss of values affects all sectors of society. Donoso’s second and third novels, Este domingo (1966; This Sunday) and El…

Coronation Carpet, 17th-century Persian court-loomed floor covering, 12 feet 2 inches × 17 feet 1 inch (371 × 521 cm). It is made of silk pile with parts of the field covered in gilded silver strips wound around a silk core, leaving a gold ground and an overall pattern of flowers, cloud bands, and

Coronation Chair, wooden chair that is used when British monarchs are crowned during a coronation. The chair was made in 1300–01 at the request of Edward I and was intended to enclose the Stone of Scone (also called the Stone of Destiny), a block of sandstone that is a symbol of Scottish

polo: Modern international competition: …States defeated England for the Coronation Cup, a single-game rather than a three-game match, thereafter held annually. Polo was an Olympic sport from the 1900 Paris Summer Games until its removal from the roster after the 1936 Berlin Summer Games.

South Orkney Islands: …of two large islands (Coronation and Laurie) and a number of smaller islands and rocky islets and forms part of the British Antarctic Territory. The islands (total area about 240 square miles [620 square km]) are barren and uninhabited, but Signy Island is used as a base for Antarctic…

choral music: The mass: …very excellence, as in the Mass in C Major, K. 317 (1779; Coronation Mass). The unfinished Mass in C Minor, K. 427, abounds in magnificent choral music.

coronation of British monarchs, ceremony whereby a British king or queen is inaugurated into office through a number of rituals that include receiving upon his or her head the crown. Elements of British coronations can be traced back to Edgar’s crowning at Bath Abbey in 973 ce. Because no right of

coronation of British monarchs, ceremony whereby a British king or queen is inaugurated into office through a number of rituals that include receiving upon his or her head the crown. Elements of British coronations can be traced back to Edgar’s crowning at Bath Abbey in 973 ce. Because no right of

The Coronation of Napoleon, monumental oil painting (20.37 × 32.12 feet [6.21 × 9.79 meters]) by French artist Jacques-Louis David completed in 1806/07. The work depicts the moment during Napoleon I’s coronation as emperor of France when he crowns his wife, Joséphine, as empress. David took up the

The Coronation of Napoleon, monumental oil painting (20.37 × 32.12 feet [6.21 × 9.79 meters]) by French artist Jacques-Louis David completed in 1806/07. The work depicts the moment during Napoleon I’s coronation as emperor of France when he crowns his wife, Joséphine, as empress. David took up the

Claudio Monteverdi: Three decades in Venice: …Ulysses to His Country and The Coronation of Poppea—and both are masterpieces. Although they still retain some elements of the Renaissance intermezzo and pastoral, they can be fairly described as the first modern operas. Their interest lies in revealing the development of human beings in realistic situations. There are main…

Paolo Veneziano: Another The Coronation of the Virgin, which is dated 1324, is also attributed to Paolo. Other known works of Paolo’s are dated 1333, 1347, and 1353.

Fra Filippo Lippi: Life and works: …the same time, Lippi’s well-known Coronation of the Virgin is a complex work crowded with figures. The celebrated altarpiece is exquisitely sumptuous in appearance and marks a historic point in Florentine painting in its success in uniting as one scene the various panels of a polyptych.

ITV: …diet for 13 years; Granada’s Coronation Street, a twice-weekly saga of working-class life in Northern England, achieved great popularity. ATV in particular, under the dynamic leadership of Lew Grade (later Lord Grade), embarked on a series of fast-moving adventure programs, beginning with The Saint and Danger Man. Other popular ITV…

coronavirus, a group of viruses known for their ability to cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, including poultry and cattle. They belong to the family Coronaviridae and are characterized by enveloped virions (virus particles) that are about 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9

coronavirus, a group of viruses known for their ability to cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals, including poultry and cattle. They belong to the family Coronaviridae and are characterized by enveloped virions (virus particles) that are about 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9

COVID-19, highly contagious respiratory illness, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 was first detected in 2019 in Wuhan, China. A large proportion of infections in China were undocumented before travel restrictions and other control measures were implemented in late January 2020. As a

COVID-19 vaccine, any of various suspensions that contain either modified messenger RNA (mRNA), recombinant proteins, or immune-stimulating components of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The vaccine, administered by

Xenophon: Life: …mainland Greece, Xenophon fought (at Coronea in 394) for Sparta.

Coronel, city, south-central Chile. It lies along the Gulf of Arauco of the Pacific Ocean, just south of Concepción. Founded in 1851, it received city status in 1875 and developed with the coal mines in the vicinity, becoming a primary coal-bunkering port and functioning as a shipping as well as

Gabriel García Márquez: Works: …tiene quien le escriba (1961; No One Writes to the Colonel); and a few short stories. Then came One Hundred Years of Solitude, in which García Márquez tells the story of Macondo, an isolated town whose history is like the history of Latin America on a reduced scale. While the…

Coronel Oviedo, town, east-central Paraguay. Founded in 1758, the town is situated in the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands. Its economic base is varied. Oranges, tobacco, sugarcane, and timber are grown in the surrounding area, and livestock is raised and processed. There are sawmills

World War I: The war at sea, 1914–15: On November 1, in the Battle of Coronel, it inflicted a sensational defeat on a British force, under Sir Christopher Cradock, which had sailed from the Atlantic to hunt it down: without losing a single ship, it sank Cradock’s two major cruisers, Cradock himself being killed. But the fortunes of…

Jorge Icaza was an Ecuadorean novelist and playwright whose brutally realistic portrayals of the exploitation of his country’s Indians brought him international recognition as a spokesman for the oppressed. Icaza started writing for the theatre, but when he was censured for a 1933 dramatic script,

María de Agreda was an abbess and mystic. In 1620 she took her vows as a Franciscan nun and in 1627 became abbess of a Franciscan monastery in Agreda, retaining this office, except for a brief period, until her death. Her virtues and holy life were universally acknowledged, but controversy arose

smooth snake, (Coronella austriaca), moderately abundant, nonvenomous snake occurring from western Europe to the Caucasus, belonging to the family Colubridae. It has smooth, glossy scales and is usually not more than 70 cm (28 inches) long. It eats lizards, other small vertebrates, and insects.

coroner, a public official whose principal duty in modern times is to inquire, with the help of a jury, into any death that appears to be unnatural. The office originated in England and was first referred to as custos placitorum (Latin: “keeper of the pleas”) in the Articles of Eyre of 1194,

coroner’s jury, a group summoned from a district to assist a coroner in determining the cause of a person’s death. The number of jurors generally ranges from 6 to 20. Even in countries where the jury system is strong, the coroner’s jury, which originated in medieval England, is a disappearing form.

coroner: The Coroners Amendment Act of 1926 further limited his duties to conducting an inquest into deaths occurring within his district by violent or unnatural means or from some unknown cause, or into the death of a person in prison or under circumstances that require an inquest…

André Kertész: …for American magazines, including Look, Coronet, Harper’s Bazaar, Vogue, and Town and Country. However, some American editors considered his images too poetic and, therefore, unsuitable for their story and layout ideas. In 1947 he signed an exclusive contract with Condé Nast publications, becoming a staff photographer for House and Garden…

coronet, in Great Britain, ceremonial headdress of a peer or peeress, still worn with robes at a coronation and adorned along its rim with ornaments varying with the rank of the wearer: 8 strawberry leaves for a duke; 4 leaves and 4 silver balls for a marquess; 8 balls on tall points with

Jon Voight: >Coronet Blue, and Gunsmoke. Voight’s first film appearance was in the title role of the low-budget Fearless Frank (1967), and he had a small part in John Sturges’s Hour of the Gun (1967) before he was cast in the Academy Award winner Midnight Cowboy. He…

The decision to use the atomic bomb: The military situation in the Pacific: …phase of the plan, code-named Coronet, envisioned a landing near Tokyo on the home island of Honshu in the spring of 1946 and a Japanese surrender sometime before the end of the year. The same mid-range estimate that predicted 132,000 casualties for Olympic projected 90,000 for Coronet. If both invasions…

senna: Scorpion senna (Hippocrepis emerus), also shrubby, is grown as an ornamental for its yellow flowers.

A Coruña, city, capital of A Coruña provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Galicia, in extreme northwestern Spain. It lies on an inlet facing the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Mero River. Under the Romans, A Coruña was the port of Brigantium, but its present

humerus: …above the trochlea, and the coronoid fossa, in front and above—receive projections of the ulna as the elbow is alternately straightened and flexed. The epicondyles, one on either side of the bone, provide attachment for muscles concerned with movements of the forearm and fingers.

ulna: …of the trochlear notch, the coronoid process, enters the coronoid fossa of the humerus when the elbow is flexed. On the outer side is the radial notch, which articulates with the head of the radius. The head of the bone is elsewhere roughened for muscle attachment. The shaft is triangular…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Coronophorales Saprotrophic on wood; asci in ascostromata with irregular or round openings; ascomata sometimes covered with hairs (filaments); included in subclass Hypocreomycetidae; example genera include Nitschkia, Scortechinia, Bertia, and Chaetosphaerella. Order Hypocreales Parasitic or pathogenic on plants, may cause

CoRoT, French satellite that studied the internal structure of stars and detected extrasolar planets. It was launched on December 27, 2006, by a Soyuz launch vehicle from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It operated until November 2, 2012, when its computer malfunctioned, and it was unable to

Camille Corot was a French painter, noted primarily for his landscapes, who inspired and to some extent anticipated the landscape painting of the Impressionists. His oil sketches, remarkable for their technical freedom and clear color, have come to be as highly regarded as the finished pictures

Camille Corot was a French painter, noted primarily for his landscapes, who inspired and to some extent anticipated the landscape painting of the Impressionists. His oil sketches, remarkable for their technical freedom and clear color, have come to be as highly regarded as the finished pictures

CoRoT: Another CoRoT discovery, CoRoT-2b, has a mass 22 times that of Jupiter and orbits its star every 4.26 days. CoRoT-2b is either a very large planet or a small brown dwarf with an unusually small orbital period.

CoRoT-7b: CoRoT-7b orbits a main-sequence star, CoRoT-7, of spectral type K0 (an orange star, cooler than the Sun) that is about 500 light-years from Earth. CoRoT-7 was discovered in 2009 by the French satellite CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and Planetary Transits), when it passed in front of its star. CoRoT-7b orbits its…

CoRoT-7b, the first extrasolar planet that was shown to be a rocky planet like Earth. CoRoT-7b orbits a main-sequence star, CoRoT-7, of spectral type K0 (an orange star, cooler than the Sun) that is about 500 light-years from Earth. CoRoT-7 was discovered in 2009 by the French satellite CoRoT

St. Patrick: Life: …kidnapped by the soldiers of Coroticus.

Corowa, town, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Murray River. Immediately opposite Corowa, across the Murray, in Victoria, is the twin town of Wahgunyah. Corowa was established in 1858. The Corowa Conference in 1893 marked an important point in the movement for federation of the

Corozal, town, northern Belize. It is a port on Chetumal Bay of the Caribbean Sea, across from the southeast corner of Mexico. Economic activities include sugar refining, rum distilling, and fish processing. Coconuts, sugar, and corn (maize) are exported. Pop. (2005 est.)

Adonias Filho: …1962 he published the novel Corpo Vivo (“Living Body”), which maintains the dreamlike ambience that characterizes the trilogy. The novel Noite sem madrugada (“Night Without Dawn”) was published in 1983.

Lepidoptera: Growth, molting, and metamorphosis: …are chiefly secreted by the corpora allata and other parts of the brain and by paired prothoracic glands. The prothoracic gland hormone is necessary for larval molting (ecdysis), metamorphosis to the pupa, and formation of adult characteristics. On the other hand, a hormone secreted by the corpora allata inhibits metamorphosis…

endocrine system: Class Insecta: The paired corpora cardiaca (singular, corpus cardiacum) and the paired corpora allata (singular, corpus allatum) are both neurohemal organs that store brain neurohormones, but each has some endocrine cells as well. The ventral nerve cord and associated ganglia also contain neurosecretory cells and have their own neurohemal organs; i.e., the…

priapism: …bottom of the penis, the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum, respectively, become engorged with blood so that the penis enlarges, hardens, and assumes an erect position. The major symptom of priapism is pain and tenderness in the enlarged portions. There may be a short period during the onset when…

Bolivia: Minerals: …the formerly state-owned mining corporation, Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL), to cut its production drastically and lay off more than two-thirds of its workforce.

Codelco, state-owned Chilean mining company that is one of the largest copper producers in the world. Headquarters are in Santiago. Codelco’s core business is the exploration, development, and exploitation of copper mineral resources, the processing and refining of copper, and its subsequent sale.

corporal punishment, the infliction of physical pain upon a person’s body as punishment for a crime or infraction. Corporal punishments include flogging, beating, branding, mutilation, blinding, and the use of the stock and pillory. In a broad sense, the term also denotes the physical disciplining

Corporal punishment is defined as “punishment that involves hitting someone: physical punishment” by Merriam Webster. The U.S. Department of Education defines the act as “paddling, spanking, or other forms of physical punishment imposed on a child.” In K–12 schools, corporal punishment is most

Roman Catholicism: Charitable activities: …fulfills the duty of “the seven corporal works of mercy” mentioned in The Gospel According to Matthew (chapter 25) and carries on the healing mission of Jesus. Protestant churches continued the works of institutional benevolence after their separation from the Roman church. Institutional assistance to the needy is a legacy…

Italian literature: Other writings: … [1965; The Worldwide Machine], and Corporale [1974]). Leonardo Sciascia’s sphere is his native Sicily, whose present and past he displays with concerned and scholarly insight, with two of his better-known books—in the format of thrillers—covering the sinister operations of the local Mafia (Il giorno della civetta [1963; The Day of…

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), standards designed to improve the fuel economy of cars, light trucks, and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) sold in the United States. Enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1975 as part of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, the CAFE standards were a response to an

trust company: …to serve as trustees under corporate bond indentures. In this capacity, a trust company takes title to or a lien upon any property put up as security and verifies the performance of requirements imposed by the loan contract. This function is a matter of rather rigid verification and involves little…

marketing: Corporate chains: …lines of merchandise are considered corporate chain stores. Corporate chain stores appear to be strongest in the food, drug, shoe, variety, and clothing industries. Managed chain stores have a number of advantages over independently managed stores. Because managed chains buy large volumes of products, suppliers are willing to offer cost…