angiosperm: Pollination: Flowers pollinated by bees commonly have a zygomorphic, or bilaterally symmetrical, corolla with a lower lip providing a landing platform for the bee. Nectar is commonly produced either at the base of the corolla tube or in extensions of the corolla base. The bees partially…

Brahman: …these mixtures, such as the Beefmaster, is markedly low in fat. Other notable crosses include the Charbray, from the Brahman and Charolais, and the Brangus, from the Brahman and Angus. Pure-bred Brahmans today are used primarily for breeding and seldom slaughtered.

Agaricales: Other families and genera: Fistulina hepatica, commonly called beefsteak fungus, is an edible species found in the autumn on oaks and other trees, on which it causes a stain called brown oak. Its common name is derived from its colour, which resembles that of raw beef.

Casuarinaceae: Some, especially the beefwood (C. equisetifolia, also called she-oak, ironwood, Australian pine, whistling pine, or swamp oak), also are used ornamentally in warm-climate countries, where they have often escaped cultivation and become established in the wild.

Lepidoptera: Importance: …mellonella) causes considerable damage in beehives.

beehive cactus, (genus Coryphantha), genus of nearly 60 species of cacti (family Cactaceae) native to western North America and central Mexico. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, and some are listed as endangered species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Beehive cacti

beehive house, primitive type of residence designed by enlarging a simple stone hemisphere, constructed out of individual blocks, to provide greater height at the centre; the form resembles a straw beehive, hence, its name. The beehive house is typical of Celtic dwellings from 2000 bc in Scotland

Utah, constituent state of the United States of America. Mountains, high plateaus, and deserts form most of its landscape. The capital, Salt Lake City, is located in the north-central region of the state. The state lies in the heart of the West and is bounded by Idaho to the north, Wyoming to the

tholos, in ancient Greek architecture, a circular building with a conical or vaulted roof and with or without a peristyle, or surrounding colonnade. In the Mycenaean period, tholoi were large ceremonial tombs, sometimes built into the sides of hills; they were beehive-shaped and covered by a

Treasury of Atreus, a beehive, or tholos, tomb built about 1350 to 1250 bc at Mycenae, Greece. This surviving architectural structure of the Mycenaean civilization is a pointed dome built up of overhanging (i.e., corbeled) blocks of conglomerate masonry cut and polished to give the impression of a

The Beehive, artists’ settlement on the outskirts of the Montparnasse section of Paris, which in the early 20th century was the centre of much avant-garde activity. The Beehive housed the ramshackle living quarters and studios of many painters and sculptors, among them Marc Chagall, Fernand Léger,

Praesepe, (catalog numbers NGC 2632 and M 44), open, or galactic, cluster of about 1,000 stars in the zodiacal constellation Cancer and located about 550 light-years from Earth. Visible to the unaided eye as a small patch of bright haze, it was first distinguished as a group of stars by Galileo. It

beekeeping, care and management of colonies of honeybees. They are kept for their honey and other products or their services as pollinators of fruit and vegetable blossoms or as a hobby. The practice is widespread: honeybees are kept in large cities and villages, on farms and rangelands, in forests

Beelzebub, in the Bible, the prince of the devils. In the Old Testament, in the form Baalzebub, it is the name given to the god of the Philistine city of Ekron (II Kings 1:1–18). Neither name is found elsewhere in the Old Testament, and there is only one reference to it in other Jewish literature.

Beelzebub, in the Bible, the prince of the devils. In the Old Testament, in the form Baalzebub, it is the name given to the god of the Philistine city of Ekron (II Kings 1:1–18). Neither name is found elsewhere in the Old Testament, and there is only one reference to it in other Jewish literature.

Michaela Coel: Acting roles in the 2010s: … and starred in the film Been So Long, which was written by Walker.

Jessica Mauboy: In late 2008 Mauboy released Been Waiting, her first solo studio album. It included several successful singles such as “Running Back,” which features rap artist Flo Rida, and “Burn,” her first song to reach number one in Australia. In 2009 Mauboy performed as a supporting act on the Australian leg…

beer, alcoholic beverage produced by extracting raw materials with water, boiling (usually with hops), and fermenting. In some countries beer is defined by law—as in Germany, where the standard ingredients, besides water, are malt (kiln-dried germinated barley), hops, and yeast. Before 6000 bce,

beer: History of brewing: Before 6000 bce, beer was made from barley in Sumer and Babylonia. Reliefs on Egyptian tombs dating from 2400 bce show that barley or partly germinated barley was crushed, mixed with water, and dried into cakes. When broken up and mixed with water, the…

Beer Hall Putsch, abortive attempt by Adolf Hitler and Erich Ludendorff to start an insurrection in Germany against the Weimar Republic on November 8–9, 1923. The regime of the Weimar Republic was challenged from both right and left in Germany throughout the early 1920s, and there was widespread

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: Racial profiling and the beer summit: …became informally known as the “beer summit” because Obama invited the two for beers in the White House Rose Garden.

Germany: The princes and the Landstände: …cities in the ensuing “Beer War” and radically revised their constitutions to his own advantage. On the other hand, the great cities of southern Germany, enriched by the Italian trade, were more than a match for the local princes: the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria were decisively worsted by Regensburg…

Beer’s law, in spectroscopy, a relation concerning the absorption of radiant energy by an absorbing medium. Formulated by German mathematician and chemist August Beer in 1852, it states that the absorptive capacity of a dissolved substance is directly proportional to its concentration in a

Israel Beer was an Israeli military analyst who was convicted (1962) for treason as a Soviet agent. Arriving in Palestine (1938), Beer joined the Haganah, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Israeli army. After retiring from military service (1949), he held the chair of military history

Giacomo Meyerbeer was a German opera composer who established in Paris a vogue for spectacular romantic opera. Born of a wealthy Jewish family, Meyerbeer studied composition in Berlin and later at Darmstadt, where he formed a friendship with C.M. von Weber. His early German operas, produced at

Sir Gavin de Beer was an English zoologist and morphologist known for his contributions to experimental embryology, anatomy, and evolution. Concerned with analyzing developmental processes, de Beer published Introduction to Experimental Embryology (1926), in which he noted that certain structures

Wilhelm Beer was a German banker and amateur astronomer who (with Johann Heinrich von Mädler) constructed the most complete map of the Moon of his time, Mappa Selenographica (1836). The first lunar map to be divided into quadrants, it contained a detailed representation of the Moon’s face and was

Beer’s law, in spectroscopy, a relation concerning the absorption of radiant energy by an absorbing medium. Formulated by German mathematician and chemist August Beer in 1852, it states that the absorptive capacity of a dissolved substance is directly proportional to its concentration in a

Max Beerbohm was an English caricaturist, writer, dandy, and wit whose sophisticated drawings and parodies were unique in capturing, usually without malice, whatever was pretentious, affected, or absurd in his famous and fashionable contemporaries. He was called by George Bernard Shaw “the

Max Beerbohm was an English caricaturist, writer, dandy, and wit whose sophisticated drawings and parodies were unique in capturing, usually without malice, whatever was pretentious, affected, or absurd in his famous and fashionable contemporaries. He was called by George Bernard Shaw “the

Jan Mayen: …a submarine volcanic ridge, and Beerenberg volcano (7,470 ft [2,277 m]), the last major eruption of which was in 1732, forms the Nord-Jan, the northeastern region of the island. The remainder, Sør-Jan, the southern region, is low and hilly. There are no harbours. The island is bleak and desolate, and…

Jan Mayen: …a submarine volcanic ridge, and Beerenberg volcano (7,470 ft [2,277 m]), the last major eruption of which was in 1732, forms the Nord-Jan, the northeastern region of the island. The remainder, Sør-Jan, the southern region, is low and hilly. There are no harbours. The island is bleak and desolate, and…

Auguste-Marie-François Beernaert was a Belgian-Flemish statesman and cowinner (with Paul-H.-B. d’Estournelles de Constant) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1909. A lawyer by profession, Beernaert was elected to the Belgian Chamber of Deputies in 1873 and later served as minister of public works. He

Clifford Whittingham Beers was an American author and influential figure in the field of mental hygiene in the United States. Beers was a graduate (1897) of Yale University who suffered severe episodes of depression and anxiety and was maltreated and abused during his confinement at various private

Ethel Lynn Beers was an American poet known for her patriotic and sentimental verse, particularly the popular Civil War poem “The Picket Guard.” A descendant of John Eliot, the “Apostle to the Indians,” Ethelinda Eliot began at an early age to contribute to periodicals under the name Ethel Lynn. In

lacrosse: History: …rules somewhat, and in 1867 George Beers of Montreal, called “the father of lacrosse,” made further changes that included replacing the Indian ball of deerskin stuffed with hair by a hard rubber ball, limiting the number of players on a team to 12, and improving the stick for easier catching…

Beersheba, biblical town of southern Israel, now a city and the main centre of the Negev (in Hebrew, Ha-Negev; in Arabic, al-Naqab) region. Beersheba is first mentioned as the site where Abraham, founder of the Jewish people, made a covenant with the Philistine king Abimelech of Gerar (Genesis 21).

She Done Him Wrong: Cast:

Wallace Beery was an American actor who played in more than 250 motion pictures between 1913 and 1949. Beery’s first job in entertainment was as an elephant trainer for the Ringling Brothers Circus. He later joined his brother, the actor Noah Beery, Sr., in New York City, where they both worked in

Wallace Beery was an American actor who played in more than 250 motion pictures between 1913 and 1949. Beery’s first job in entertainment was as an elephant trainer for the Ringling Brothers Circus. He later joined his brother, the actor Noah Beery, Sr., in New York City, where they both worked in

The Atlanta Braves are the only existing Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise to have played every season since professional baseball came into existence. Founded in Boston in 1871, the franchise has moved twice: it began playing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1953 and then in Atlanta in 1966. The

Battle of Tanga, the opening battle in German East Africa (Tanzania) on November 2–5, 1914, during World War I in which an amphibious landing at Tanga ended in total fiasco for the British. Failure to secure the harbor as a base for future operations ended hopes that the German colony would be

Carol Ann Duffy: …the collections Love Poems (2010), The Bees (2011), and Sincerity (2018), and her stage credits included retellings of the story of Casanova (2007) and of the morality play Everyman (2015).

Uniontown, city, seat (1784) of Fayette county, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S. It lies along Redstone Creek, among the rugged foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Pittsburgh. Settled in 1768 and laid out (1776) by Henry Beeson, a Quaker, it was first known as

Beeston and Stapleford, urban area (from 2011 built-up area), Broxtowe borough, administrative and historic county of Nottinghamshire, central England. The community developed during the 19th century as a result of its proximity to the coal measures of western Nottinghamshire and the railways they

Christopher Beeston: …Company, more popularly known as Beeston’s Boys, a company that was established by royal warrant. Beeston was a lifelong friend of Thomas Heywood and produced many of his plays and also contributed verses to Heywood’s prose work An Apology for Actors (1612).

Christopher Beeston was an English actor and theatrical manager who was one of the most influential figures in the English theatre in the early 17th century. Nothing is known of Beeston’s early life. In 1598 he appeared in Ben Jonson’s Every Man In His Humour with William Shakespeare, Augustine

beeswax, commercially useful animal wax secreted by the worker bee to make the cell walls of the honeycomb. Beeswax ranges from yellow to almost black in colour, depending on such factors as the age and diet of the bees, and it has a somewhat honeylike odour and a faint balsamic taste. It is soft

beet, (Beta vulgaris), one of the four cultivated forms of the plant Beta vulgaris of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae), grown for its edible leaves and taproot. Beetroots are frequently roasted or boiled and served as a side dish. They are also commonly canned, either whole or cut up, and often

curly top, viral disease affecting numerous cultivated and wild plants worldwide. Diseased plants are usually stunted or dwarfed and have thickened, yellowed, and bunched or curled leaves that frequently die early. Young plants often die quickly, and the disease can cause significant crop losses.

curly top: …Europe, and Asia by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenullus) and in South America by Agalliana ensigera, which overwinter on wild plant hosts and in the spring migrate to sugar beet fields, their preferred hosts. The disease may be avoided by planting a thick stand as early as possible or when…

sugar: Washing and extraction: Some 98 percent of the sugar is extracted to form what is known as diffusion juice, or raw juice.

Louise Erdrich: Novels: …a tetralogy that also includes The Beet Queen (1986), Tracks (1988), and The Bingo Palace (1994), about Native families living on or near an Ojibwe reservation in the fictional town of Argus, North Dakota, and the white people they encounter. Tales of Burning Love (1996) and The Antelope Wife (1998)…

sugar: Beet sugar: Beet sugar factories generally produce only white sugar from sugar beets. Brown sugars are made with the use of cane molasses as a mother liquor component or as a crystal coating.

Saint Bernard: …films, most notably in the Beethoven franchise and in Walt Disney’s animated Peter Pan (1953), in which a Saint named Nana serves as the nursemaid to the Darling children. However, horror novelist Stephen King went against type in casting the normally gentle Saint Bernard as a rabid killer in Cujo,…

“Dieses Glas dem guten Geist” (“This glass to the good spirit”). So wrote Friedrich Schiller in his poem “An die Freude,” some of which Ludwig van Beethoven used in the glorious ending to his Ninth Symphony. In that vein, we propose that you turn on Stephen Kovacevich’s recording of Piano Sonata in

Beethoven Piano Sonatas, compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven. Although he was far from the first great composer to write multi-movement compositions for solo piano, he was, nonetheless, the first to show how much power and variety of expression could be drawn forth from this single instrument. For

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer, the predominant musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived, Ludwig van Beethoven dominates a period of musical history as no one else before or since. Rooted

Bonn: The Beethovenhalle, a modern concert hall, is the centre of Bonn’s musical life.

Mulberry: …steel or concrete pontoons (called Beetles). The roadways terminated at great pierheads, called Spuds, that were jacked up and down on legs which rested on the seafloor. These structures were to be sheltered from the sea by lines of massive sunken caissons (called Phoenixes), lines of scuttled ships (called Gooseberries),…

Coleoptera, (order Coleoptera), insect order comprising more than 400,000 species of beetles and weevils. It is the largest order of insects, representing about 40 percent of the known insect species, and the largest animal order. Coleopterans are many of the largest and most conspicuous insects,

hand tool: Hammers and hammerlike tools: …other names, such as pounder, beetle, mallet, maul, pestle, sledge, and others. The best known of the tools that go by the name hammer is the carpenter’s claw type, but there are many others, such as riveting, boilermaker’s, bricklayer’s, blacksmith’s, machinist’s ball peen and cross peen, stone (or spalling),

automotive industry: Europe after World War II: …most emphasis centring on the Volkswagen. At the end of the war the Volkswagen factory and the city of Wolfsburg were in ruins. Restored to production, in a little more than a decade the plant was producing one-half of West Germany’s motor vehicles and had established a strong position in…

caracara: …in South America include the chimango, or beetle eater (Milvago chimango), and the black caracara (Daptrius ater). The smaller South American species eat insects.

acarid: Annotated classification: Suborder Oribatida (oribatid or beetle mites) Usually strongly sclerotized and slow moving, 0.2–1.5 mm in size; eyes and stigmata absent; pseudostigmata generally present, palps without claws, 3–5 segments; chelicerae usually chelate; rutella present; tarsi with 1–3 claws; ventrally with various shields; majority terrestrial in forest humus and soil, a…

Tim Burton: With the dark comedy Beetlejuice (1988)—starring Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Winona Ryder, and Michael Keaton—Burton established himself as an unconventional filmmaker. He turned to more mainstream fare with the big-budget Batman (1989) and its sequel Batman Returns (1992). Both films were major hits.

Michael Keaton: Later work: Dopesick and Beetlejuice Beetlejuice: …reunited with Tim Burton for Beetlejuice Beetlejuice, a sequel to the 1988 film. Other returning cast mates included Winona Ryder and Catherine O’Hara.

textile: Beetling: Beetling is a process applied to linen fabrics and to cotton fabrics made to resemble linen to produce a hard, flat surface with high lustre and also to make texture less porous. In this process, the fabric, dampened and wound around an iron cylinder,…

history of publishing: Women’s magazines: …Magazine, a monthly issued by Samuel Beeton at twopence instead of the usual one shilling; it was also the first women’s periodical to concentrate on home management and offer practical advice to women rather than provide entertainment for the idle. Beeton’s wife (author of the classic Book of Household Management,…

beet, (Beta vulgaris), one of the four cultivated forms of the plant Beta vulgaris of the amaranth family (Amaranthaceae), grown for its edible leaves and taproot. Beetroots are frequently roasted or boiled and served as a side dish. They are also commonly canned, either whole or cut up, and often

Nicolaas Beets was a Dutch pastor and writer whose Camera obscura is a classic of Dutch literature. As a student at Leiden, Beets was influenced by reading Byron and was one of the first to write Romantic poetry. His poems—José (1834), Kuser (1835), and Guy de Vlaming (1837)—played a part in the

British Expeditionary Force (BEF), the home-based British army forces that went to northern France at the start of World Wars I and II in order to support the left wing of the French armies. The BEF originated in the army reform of 1908 sponsored by Richard Burdon (later Viscount) Haldane. Prior to

Befana, in Italian tradition, the old woman who fills children’s stockings with gifts on Epiphany (January 6), a Christian holiday that commemorates the arrival in Bethlehem of the Three Wise Men (also known as the Magi or the Three Kings). Too busy with housekeeping to accompany the Three Wise Men

biblical literature: The life of Jesus: …fact that Jesus was a historical person has been stressed, significant, too, is the fact that a full biography of accurate chronology is not possible. The New Testament writers were less concerned with such difficulties than the person who attempts to construct some chronological accounts in retrospect. Both the indifference…

Gerhart Hauptmann: …social drama Vor Sonnenaufgang (Before Dawn) made him famous overnight, though it shocked the theatregoing public. This starkly realistic tragedy, dealing with contemporary social problems, signaled the end of the rhetorical and highly stylized German drama of the 19th century. Encouraged by the controversy, Hauptmann wrote in rapid succession…

Robert Klein: Music and acting: …The Back-up Plan (2010), and Before I Go (2021). He also made scores of appearances in TV series, including a recurring role Sisters (1993–96).

Colin Firth: From the The King’s Speech to the Kingsman series: …her memory in the thriller Before I Go to Sleep (2014). He deployed his starchy diction and composure to comic effect as a spy in the thriller parody Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and the franchise’s second installment, Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017).

50 Cent: Other music releases: His next release, Before I Self Destruct (2009), also failed to sell a million copies. Later that year Interview magazine asked him, “Do you know what you’re worth today? I’ve read that it’s somewhere in the area of $400 million.” 50 Cent responded, “I’m not sure, but that…

Richard Linklater: Before Sunset, Before Midnight, and Boyhood: …film in the Before series, Before Midnight (2013), in which the Delpy and Hawke characters, now married with children, struggle with their commitment to each other. The film was well received, and the two actors and Linklater were again nominated for an Academy Award for best adapted screenplay.

Julian Schnabel: painter Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Before Night Falls (2000), about the Cuban poet and novelist Reinaldo Arenas. In 2007 Schnabel directed Le Scaphandre et le papillon (The Diving Bell and the Butterfly) and Lou Reed’s Berlin. The former, which won two Golden Globe Awards—one for best director and the other…

Ramón José Sender: Crónica del alba (1966; Before Noon), a series of nine novels published over more than two decades, explores the relationship between social and individual needs. In Las criaturas saturnianas (1968; “The Saturnian Creatures”) and other works Sender explores mythological and mystical subjects.

Julian Barnes: Novels and short stories: …obsession moves the protagonist of Before She Met Me (1982) to scrutinize his new wife’s past. Flaubert’s Parrot (1984), Barnes’s breakthrough novel, is a humorous mixture of biography, fiction, and literary criticism as a scholar becomes obsessed with the 19th-century French writer Gustave Flaubert and with the stuffed parrot that…

Richard Linklater: First films: Dazed and Confused and Before Sunrise: Linklater’s next film was Before Sunrise (1995), a romance in which two strangers (played by Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke) meet on a train in Europe and spend one night together in Vienna discussing love and the vagaries of human nature. Linklater then directed a pair of forgettable studio…

Richard Linklater: Before Sunset, Before Midnight, and Boyhood: …and Hawke reunited to create Before Sunset, a follow-up to their film from nine years earlier that sees the characters from the first film reunited for a short interlude in Paris. The sequel touches on many of the subjects discussed in Before Sunrise but in a more mature and disillusioned…

Before the Dawn, historical novel by Shimazaki Tōson, published serially as Yoake mae in the journal Chūō koron (“Central Review”) from 1929 to 1935 and printed in book form in 1935. It details the effects of Westernization on a rural Japanese community in the second half of the 19th century.

Sidney Lumet: Later work of Sidney Lumet: …his final film, the suspenseful Before the Devil Knows You’re Dead. The acclaimed drama starred Philip Seymour Hoffman as a financially strapped manager who talks his brother (Ethan Hawke) into helping him rob their parents’ jewelry store—a caper that does not turn out well.

The iPhone was released in 2007. E-books reached the mainstream in the late 1990s. Printed books have been around since the 1450s. But how did writing move around before then? After all, a book—electronic or not—is simply a mechanism for making written information portable. And our ancestors were

North Macedonia: The arts: …and Janaki Manaki and includes Before the Rain (1994), which was directed by Milcho Manchevski and was nominated for an Academy Award for best foreign-language film.

Bernardo Bertolucci: His second feature, Prima della rivoluzione (1964; Before the Revolution), fared no better commercially but won notice at the Cannes film festival. Unable to obtain financial backing for his film projects, Bertolucci directed documentary films and worked with Julian Beck and his Living Theatre on Agonia (“Agony”), Amore…

Theodor Fontane: …56, Vor dem Sturm (1878; Before the Storm), considered to be a masterpiece in the genre of the historical novel. He portrayed the Prussian nobility both critically and sympathetically. His aim was, as he said, “the undistorted reflection of the life we lead.” In several of his novels Fontane also…

James Taylor: …was evident in 2015, when Before This World became his first album to top the Billboard 200 chart.

Watchmen: Reprints, sequels, and media adaptations: …of titles released under the Before Watchmen banner. The comics served as prequels to the original series, and Moore, having broken virtually all ties with DC, disavowed any connection with them. During the “DC Rebirth” event in 2016, DC integrated the Watchmen characters into the mainstream DC universe.

Chris Evans: Snowpiercer, Knives Out, and Deadpool & Wolverine: …directorial debut with the romance Before We Go (2014), in which he also starred.

bey, title among Turkic peoples traditionally given to rulers of small tribal groups, to members of ruling families, and to important officials. Under the Ottoman Empire a bey was the governor of a province, distinguished by his own flag (sancak, liwa). In Tunis after 1705 the title become

Beg-tse, in Tibetan Buddhism, one of the fierce protective deities, the dharmapālas. See

Ethiopia: Climate: …dry season known as the bega; this is followed by a short rainy season, the belg, in March and April. May is a hot and dry month preceding the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the…

Bega, town of the South Coast region, New South Wales, Australia, where the Bemboka and Brogo rivers unite to form the short Bega River. Bega was settled in 1839 and gazetted a town in 1851, its name derived from an Aboriginal word meaning either “big camping place” or “beautiful.” On the Prince’s

12 Extraordinary Women in the Mughal Empire: Bega Begum (wife of Humayun): …his first wife, the feisty Bega Begum, was unknown. She had been captured by Sher Shah’s forces at the battle of Chausa in 1539. She was eventually freed and rejoined Humayun’s zenana. She went on the hajj and was known as Hajji Begum on her return.

African music: Lyres: …two types occur: the large beganna, with 8 to 10 strings and a box-shaped body (corresponding to the ancient Greek kithara); and the smaller six-string krar, with a bowl-shaped body (resembling the Greek lyra). The latter type, with four to eight strings and varying in size, is also used in…

Reinhold Begas was an artist who dominated Prussian sculpture for a generation after 1870. Begas began studying sculpture with the leading figures of the Berlin school of sculptors, notably Gottfried Schadow and Christian Daniel Rauch. While studying in Italy from 1856 to 1858, Begas was strongly