Bilingual Education Act (BEA), U.S. legislation (January 2, 1968) that provided federal grants to school districts for the purpose of establishing educational programs for children with limited English-speaking ability. It was the first time that the U.S. government officially acknowledged that

bilingualism, Ability to speak two languages. It may be acquired early by children in regions where most adults speak two languages (e.g., French and dialectal German in Alsace). Children may also become bilingual by learning languages in two different social settings; for example, British children

archaeology: The Mediterranean and the Middle East: …Mycenae in the 1870s; of M.A. Biliotti at Rhodes in this same period; of the German Archaeological Institute under Ernst Curtius at Olympia from 1875 to 1881; and of Alexander Conze at Samothrace in 1873 and 1875. Conze was the first person to include photographs in the publication of his…

protein: Heme proteins and other chromoproteins: Green chromoproteins called biliproteins are found in many insects, such as grasshoppers, and also in the eggshells of many birds. The biliproteins are derived from the bile pigment biliverdin, which in turn is formed from porphyrin; biliverdin contains four pyrrole rings and three of the four methine groups…

bilirubin, a brownish yellow pigment of bile, secreted by the liver in vertebrates, which gives to solid waste products (feces) their characteristic colour. It is produced in bone marrow cells and in the liver as the end product of red-blood-cell (hemoglobin) breakdown. The amount of bilirubin

digestive system disease: Jaundice: …normal amounts of bilirubin into bilirubin diglucuronide is significantly reduced by inadequate intracellular transport or enzyme systems. The second type, hepatocellular jaundice, arises when liver cells are damaged so severely that their ability to transport bilirubin diglucuronide into the biliary system is reduced, allowing some of this yellow pigment to…

Mickey Rooney: …man in the television movie Bill (1981). He received an honorary Academy Award for lifetime achievement in 1983.

beak, stiff, projecting oral structure of certain animals. Beaks are present in a few invertebrates (e.g., cephalopods and some insects), some fishes and mammals, and all birds and turtles. Many dinosaurs were beaked. The term bill is preferred for the beak of a bird, platypus, or dinosaur. Many

Keanu Reeves: The Matrix and John Wick series: …franchise, starring in the well-received Bill & Ted Face the Music. Reeves turned to another iconic series when he reprised the role of Neo in The Matrix Resurrections (2021). In 2025 Reeves again appeared as John Wick, in the spin-off From the World of John Wick: Ballerina, starring Ana de…

Keanu Reeves: Bill & Ted’s Excellent Adventure, Point Break, and Speed: …of Ted in the sequel Bill & Ted’s Bogus Journey. He later appeared in Kenneth Branagh’s Much Ado About Nothing (1993). Reeves made several disappointing movies before playing a bomb expert in Speed (1994). The thriller was a blockbuster, and it made him an action star.

Dino De Laurentiis: …Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986) and Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure (1989).

Québec Values Charter, statement of principles and subsequent legislation introduced in 2013 to Québec’s National Assembly by the ruling Parti Québécois government that sought the creation of a secular society—a society in which religion and the state would be completely separate. The result of

William Albert “Bill” Ackman (born May 11, 1966, Chappaqua, New York, U.S.), is an American billionaire hedge fund manager. Ackman is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Pershing Square Capital Management. Throughout his career, Ackman had a reputation as an activist investor—a

The Gates Foundation is a private philanthropic foundation established in 2000 by Microsoft cofounder Bill Gates and his then-wife, businesswoman Melinda Gates. Its grant-making and advocacy efforts are focused on eliminating global inequities and increasing opportunities for those in need through

money market: The discount houses: …their origin in the London bill broker who in the early 19th century made the market in inland commercial bills. By selling bills through this market, the growing industrial and urban areas were able to draw upon the surplus savings of the agricultural areas. Quite early many bill brokers began…

ARCHIVED TOPIC: This topic was archived on Oct. 16, 2020 and will no longer be updated. William Jefferson Clinton, known as Bill Clinton, served as the 42nd President of the United States from Jan. 20, 1993 to Jan. 19, 2001. His proponents contend that under his presidency the US enjoyed the lowest

Television in the United States: The new cultural landscape: The Bill Cosby Show (1969–71), Julia (1968–71), and The Flip Wilson Show (1970–74) were among the first programs to feature African Americans in starring roles since the stereotyped presentations of Amos ’n’ Andy and Beulah (ABC, 1950–53). Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In was proving, as had…

blue-eyed soul: …“I’ve Been Hurt” (1969) by Bill Deal and the Rhondels emerged from a field of white soul performers that included Bob Kuban and the In-Men, from St. Louis, Missouri; the Box Tops, from Memphis, Tennessee; and Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, from Detroit, Michigan. Other performers who were regarded…

Jennifer Lawrence: Breakthrough and rise to stardom: … in the cable television comedy The Bill Engvall Show. She soon followed that with the role that proved to be her big break, the lead in the movie Winter’s Bone (2010). For her portrayal of Ree, a poor rural teenager tracking down her missing criminal father in the Ozark Mountains,…

Australia: The ascendance of Australian popular culture: …American band Bill Haley and His Comets, whose Australian tour in 1957 was a sensation. Johnny O’Keefe became the first Australian rock singer to reach the national charts with the release of his hit “Wild One” in 1958. With the exciting new music came the creation of expressive new dance…

ice hockey: National Hockey League: …coach of the year; the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, for the player who best exemplifies sportsmanship, perseverance, and dedication to hockey; and the Lester Patrick Trophy, for outstanding service to U.S. hockey.

Bill Moyers: …hosted the public affairs program Bill Moyers Journal on PBS (1972–76, 1979–81, 2007–10) and served as a news analyst for CBS News (1981–86). In 1987 he formed Public Affairs TV, Inc., for which he produced such television specials and series as A World of Ideas (1988, 1990), Healing and the…

George Cukor: Early life and work: A Bill of Divorcement (1932) followed but was notable only as the film debut of Katharine Hepburn, with whom Cukor would collaborate nine more times.

John Farrow: Films of the 1940s: …clever tale about infidelity, but A Bill of Divorcement was a so-so remake of the 1932 movie by George Cukor, with Maureen O’Hara and Adolphe Menjou in the roles played by Katharine Hepburn and John Barrymore, respectively. Farrow had his biggest hit at Paramount with the patriotic Wake Island (1942),…

Gioachino Rossini: Italian period: …La cambiale di matrimonio (1810; The Bill of Marriage), was performed in Venice and had a certain success, although his unusual orchestration made the singers indignant. Back in Bologna again, he gave the cantata La morte di Didone (1811; The Death of Dido) in homage to the Mombelli family, who…

Kyle Abraham: …he performed briefly with the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. He soon resumed his studies at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts (TSA). In 2006 he received an M.F.A. and choreographed a riveting solo, Inventing Pookie Jenkins. In that piece Abraham’s movements, alternately fierce and flowing, and…

Kyle Abraham: …he performed briefly with the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. He soon resumed his studies at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts (TSA). In 2006 he received an M.F.A. and choreographed a riveting solo, Inventing Pookie Jenkins. In that piece Abraham’s movements, alternately fierce and flowing, and…

Buffalo Bill was an American buffalo hunter, U.S. Army scout, Pony Express rider, Indian fighter, actor, and impresario who dramatized the facts and flavor of the American West through fiction and melodrama. His colorful Wild West show, which came to be known as Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and

Max Bill was a Swiss graphic artist, industrial designer, architect, sculptor, and painter, primarily important for his sophisticated, disciplined advertising designs. Bill’s early ambition was to become a silversmith, but the work of the architect Le Corbusier influenced him to study architecture

Rajinikanth: Rise to stardom: …was elevated to superstardom after Billa (1980), in which he played a ruthless mafia don. The film was yet another remake (of Bachchan’s 1978 film Don) and Rajinikanth’s first blockbuster release. Murattu Kaalai (1980; “Raging Bull”), in which his character, a dutiful milkman, saves a woman from the abusive man…

Billiards at Half-Past Nine, novel by Heinrich Böll, first published in German as Billard um halbzehn in 1959. In its searing examination of the moral crises of postwar Germany, the novel resembles Böll’s other fiction; its interior monologues and flashbacks, however, make it his most complex work.

Jean-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne was a lawyer and pamphleteer, a member of the Committee of Public Safety that ruled Revolutionary France during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship (1793–94). Billaud-Varenne was the son of a lawyer of La Rochelle. After studying at the Universities of Paris and

billbergia, any member of a genus (Billbergia) of evergreen epiphytes of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), containing more than 50 South American species. Several species are grown indoors as decorative plants for their colourful foliage, flowers, or bracts (leaflike clusters beneath the

billboard, advertising structure composed of wood, metal, paper, or a variety of other durable materials, situated outdoors along roads, on buildings, and in public places. In the 19th century, billboards largely replaced bills posted on walls and fences when the competition for space forced

Billboard is a long-running American trade and consumer print publication that covers news, issues, and trends related to the music industry. It is widely known for its music charts that rank the popularity of albums, songs, and artists based on sales, airplay, and streaming. The magazine publishes

billbug, (subfamily Rhynchophorinae), any stout-bodied beetle of the family Curculionidae (insect order Coleoptera) that has a short snout and body length up to 5 cm (2 inches). Some (e.g., Rhynchophorus) are found mainly in the tropics, boring through the new growth of palm trees. The larvae of R.

steel: Long products: …made of either blooms or billets, which are, like slabs, considered a semifinished product and are cast by a continuous caster or rolled at a blooming mill. Billets have a cross section 50 to 125 millimetres square, and blooms are 125 to 400 millimetres square. In practice, they are not…

capital: …an oblong block called a billet, set with its greatest dimensions parallel to the beam above. Shaping the ends of such blocks produces a laterally spreading form of capital, which can be elaborated upon by multiplication of parts, addition of moldings, and ornamentation with floral, zoomorphic, or abstract forms.

heraldry: Ordinaries: Billets are oblong figures. If their number exceeds 10 and they are irregularly placed, the field is described as billetté. The pall, or shakefork, is the upper half of a saltire (St. Andrew’s cross) with the lower half of a pale, forming a Y-shape. The…

steel: Billet, bloom, beam, and slab: Billet casters solidify 80- to 175-millimetre squares or rounds, bloom casters solidify sections of 300 by 400 millimetres, and beam blank casters produce large, dog-bone-like sections that are directly fed into an I-beam or H-beam rolling mill. Huge slab casters solidify sections up to 250…

François Billetdoux was a French playwright whose works, linked with the avant-garde theatre, examined human relationships and found them doomed to failure. As a youth, Billetdoux studied at the Charles Dullin School of Dramatic Art and the Institute of Higher Cinematographic Studies. From 1949 to

Mississippi Bubble: …for state-issued public securities, or billets d’état, which consequently also rose sharply in value. A frenzy of wild speculation ensued that led to a general stock-market boom across Europe. The French government took advantage of this situation by printing increased amounts of paper money, which was readily accepted by the…

Unigenitus: …1754 over the issue of billets de confession. The billets were papers affirming submission to the bull that suspected Jansenists were ordered to sign by the archbishop of Paris, Christophe de Beaumont. If they refused, the last sacraments and burial in consecrated ground would be denied them. The Parlement of…

heraldry: Ordinaries: Billets are oblong figures. If their number exceeds 10 and they are irregularly placed, the field is described as billetté. The pall, or shakefork, is the upper half of a saltire (St. Andrew’s cross) with the lower half of a pale, forming a Y-shape. The…

ebony: …and hard heartwood known as black ebony, as billetwood, or as Gabon, Lagos, Calabar, or Niger ebony.

gar: …long and forcepslike in the longnose gar, or billfish (Lepisosteus osseus), but broad and relatively short in the alligator gar (A. spatula) of the southern United States. The alligator gar, reaching a length of about 3 metres (10 feet), is one of the largest of all freshwater fishes. Gars are…

billfish, any of a group of long-jawed fishes (usually swordfish, marlin, and allies) that sometimes includes the marine gar

billiards: The billiard balls, formerly made of ivory or Belgian clay, are now usually plastic; they each measure from about 214 to 238 inches (5.7 to 6 cm) in diameter, the larger balls being used in carom billiards.

billiards: Governing bodies: …form of snooker, is the Billiard Congress of America, which has been the ruling body since 1948. It maintains the rules of the games and sanctions championship tournaments including the U.S. Open Pocket Billiards Championship, regarded as the world championship.

billiards, any of various games played on a rectangular table with a designated number of small balls and a long stick called a cue. The table and the cushioned rail bordering the table are topped with a feltlike tight-fitting cloth. Carom, or French, billiards is played with three balls on a table

English billiards, game that is a type of billiards

billiards, any of various games played on a rectangular table with a designated number of small balls and a long stick called a cue. The table and the cushioned rail bordering the table are topped with a feltlike tight-fitting cloth. Carom, or French, billiards is played with three balls on a table

Billiards at Half-Past Nine, novel by Heinrich Böll, first published in German as Billard um halbzehn in 1959. In its searing examination of the moral crises of postwar Germany, the novel resembles Böll’s other fiction; its interior monologues and flashbacks, however, make it his most complex work.

billiards: The traditional mahogany billiards table is still in use, but tables are now generally made of other woods and synthetic materials. The large rectangular table typically is twice as long as it is wide. It has a bed usually of polished slate covered by a woven woolen cloth,…

Michael Jackson: Thriller: The follow-up single, “Billie Jean,” an electrifying dance track and the vehicle for Jackson’s trademark “moonwalk” dance, topped the pop charts. In May 1983 he appeared with his brothers on the television special Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever. After a medley of Jackson 5 hits, Jackson debuted the…

Billie Jean King Cup, trophy representing the women’s amateur team-tennis championship of the world, inaugurated in 1963 by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in observance of its 50th anniversary. The first competition, an elimination tournament involving teams of three players from 16

euro sign: Design: …claimant was Belgian graphic designer Alain Billiet, who created the image used for the EU during the 1992 World Exhibition in Sevilla and the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games.

Billings, city, seat (1883) of Yellowstone county, south-central Montana, U.S., on the Yellowstone River 3,119 feet (951 metres) above sea level. Billings lies at the base of the Rimrock Mountains in the Clark’s Fork Bottom at a point equidistant from Seattle, Washington, and St. Paul, Minnesota.

John Shaw Billings was an American surgeon and librarian whose organization of U.S. medical institutions played a central role in the modernization of hospital care and the maintenance of public health. Billings graduated from Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) in 1857 and from the Medical College of

Josh Billings was an American humorist whose philosophical comments in plain language were widely popular after the American Civil War through his newspaper pieces, books, and comic lectures. He employed the misspellings, fractured grammar, and hopeless logic then current among comic writers who

William Billings was the foremost composer of the early American primitive style, whose works have become an integral part of the American folk tradition. A tanner by trade, he was self-taught in music. Among his friends were many prominent figures of the American Revolution, including Samuel Adams

Billingsgate, former London market (closed 1982). It was situated in the City of London at the north end of London Bridge beside The Monument, which commemorates the outbreak of the Great Fire of September 1666. In the Middle Ages the wharf at Billingsgate was a principal unloading point for fish,

Pinxton porcelain: …Saxony, with the help of William Billingsley, who had worked as a painter at Derby. Billingsley remained at Pinxton until 1799, concentrating on the production of the porcelain rather than its decoration. He made a ware that contained bone ash, was granular yet transparent, and had a brilliant glaze. He…

Center for the Book: Programs and Activities: …Bush and Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and was based on the Texas Book Festival, which Bush had organized when she was the first lady of that state. The Center is crucial in the organization and support of the National Book Festival. This, among other events aimed at promoting…

Alice Cooper: …that include Killer (1971) and Billion Dollar Babies (1973), all explorations of decadence, perversion, and psychosis. Best remembered for its shocking stage show, Alice Cooper blended the gore and grotesquerie of horror films with the camp of 1930s Berlin cabaret. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall…

The Ipcress File: …in Funeral in Berlin (1966), Billion Dollar Brain (1967), Bullet to Beijing (1995), and Midnight in Saint Petersburg (1996).

Len Deighton: In Funeral in Berlin (1964), The Billion Dollar Brain (1966), and An Expensive Place to Die (1967), Deighton continued his blend of espionage and suspense. Like The Ipcress File, these novels center on an unnamed hero and show the author’s craftsmanship, crisp prose style, and mastery of plot. In Only…

Kevin Spacey: Sexual assault allegations: Billionaire Boys Club, one of the last movies Spacey filmed before the scandal broke, was released in 2018. That year authorities announced that Spacey would be charged with indecent assault and battery for allegedly groping an 18-year-old busboy at a Nantucket, Massachusetts, bar in 2016.…

In the first 50 years of his life, Charles Feeney went from being the child of a nurse and an insurance underwriter who struggled to support three children to an entrepreneur worth an estimated $8 billion. Over the next four decades, Feeney gave away almost all of his money to charities, guided by

Paul Giamatti: …cast of the television series Billions (2016–23), a financial crime drama in which he was featured as a dogged district attorney. He also continued to appear in movies, including The Catcher Was a Spy, the real-life story of an MLB player who worked for the Office of Strategic Services during…

Belitung, island and kabupaten (regency), Bangka Belitung propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. With 135 associated smaller islands, it lies between the South China and Java seas, southwest of Borneo and east of Bangka island. Tanjungpandan on the west coast is the main town, port, and site

BHP Billiton, international natural resources company, formed in 2001 by the merger of BHP Ltd. and Billiton PLC. One of the world’s largest mining companies, it is involved in the production of iron, steel, copper, silver, aluminum, oil, and gas. The company also has interests in engineering and

Staten Island: The Billopp, or Conference, House in Tottenville was the scene (September 11, 1776) of talks between representatives of the Continental Congress and the British in an unsuccessful attempt at reconciliation during the American Revolution. In 1898 Staten Island, as Richmond, became one of New York City’s…

Theodor Billroth was a Viennese surgeon, generally considered to be the founder of modern abdominal surgery. Billroth’s family was of Swedish origin. He studied at the universities of Greifswald, Göttingen, and Berlin, Germany, and received his degree from the last in 1852. From 1853 to 1860 he was

Theodor Billroth was a Viennese surgeon, generally considered to be the founder of modern abdominal surgery. Billroth’s family was of Swedish origin. He studied at the universities of Greifswald, Göttingen, and Berlin, Germany, and received his degree from the last in 1852. From 1853 to 1860 he was

Billung dynasty, the primary ruling dynasty in Saxony in the 10th and 11th centuries. It was founded by Hermann Billung, who in 936 received from the German king (and future emperor) Otto I a march, or border territory, on the lower Elbe River to be held against the pagan Slavic Wends. Otto

Billung dynasty: It was founded by Hermann Billung, who in 936 received from the German king (and future emperor) Otto I a march, or border territory, on the lower Elbe River to be held against the pagan Slavic Wends. Otto repeatedly granted Hermann extensive authority in his absences (notably in Italy)…

Billung dynasty: …1106, with the death of Magnus Billung, the family died out.

Five Families: 2025 NBA gambling scandal: …crime families, as well as Chauncey Billups, head coach of the Portland Trail Blazers, and Damon Jones, a former NBA player and assistant coach. According to the indictments, they were connected with a criminal enterprise accused of rigging high-stakes poker games in New York City and across the United States.…

goat: Male goats, called bucks or billys, usually have a beard. Females are called does or nannys, and immature goats are called kids. Wild goats include the ibex and markhor.

Robert Benton: The 1990s and beyond: Doctorow’s Billy Bathgate. The 1991 drama centers on a kid from the Bronx (Loren Dean) who becomes involved with notorious gangster Dutch Schultz (Hoffman) and the widowed moll (Nicole Kidman) of a rival (Bruce Willis). Despite a strong cast and a script by Tom Stoppard, the…

Billy Carter: …company that marketed the short-lived Billy beer. His behaviour shed a dark cloud over the White House in 1978 when he became an apologist for Libya and in 1980 when evidence came to light that he had agreed “under protest” to register as a Libyan agent and admitted receiving $220,000…

Billy Budd, British adventure film, released in 1962, that was an adaptation of a play based on Herman Melville’s unfinished novel Billy Budd, Foretopman. Billy Budd (played by Terence Stamp) is a young seaman impressed into service on the HMS Avenger of the British navy in 1797 during the war

Billy Budd, opera by Benjamin Britten that premiered in London on December 1, 1951. Based on the novel by Herman Melville, it is set in 1797 on a British naval vessel and is the only opera by a major composer to have an entirely male cast. The story of Billy Budd concerns a young merchant sailor

Billy Budd, Foretopman, novel by Herman Melville, written in 1891 and left unfinished at his death. It was first published in 1924, and the definitive edition was issued in 1962. Provoked by a false charge, the sailor Billy Budd accidentally kills John Claggart, the satanic master-at-arms. In a

Billy Budd, Foretopman, novel by Herman Melville, written in 1891 and left unfinished at his death. It was first published in 1924, and the definitive edition was issued in 1962. Provoked by a false charge, the sailor Billy Budd accidentally kills John Claggart, the satanic master-at-arms. In a

police: Nonlethal tactics and instruments: The nightstick carried by police officers was originally made of wood, but most now are made of composite materials.

Stephen Daldry: …then unexpectedly tapped to direct Billy Elliot. The film—about a boy who finds refuge in ballet—was nominated for several Academy Awards, including best director. Daldry then helmed The Hours (2002), Hare’s adaptation of Michael Cunningham’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel. A series of three meditations on Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, the

Stephen Daldry: In 2005 Daldry premiered Billy Elliot, the Musical, a stage adaptation of his earlier film, in London. The production, which featured music by Elton John, won four Olivier Awards. The Broadway production (2008) garnered 10 Tony Awards, including best musical and best director honours for Daldry. He returned to…

Chicago Cubs: Curse of the Billy Goat and years in the wilderness: …became known as the “Curse of the Billy Goat” (versions of the story vary). In the fourth game of the World Series, tavern owner Billy Sianis was forced to leave Wrigley Field after showing up with his goat, and upon his ejection Sianis cursed the franchise. The Cubs would…

Christology: Film: Other companies, such as the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, produced feature films in which the conversion of the lead character was the central motif. Those companies, however, refrained from attempts to depict the life of Jesus.

Sir Barton: Breeding and early years: …horse of the Ross stable, Billy Kelly, another two-year-old who soon found it tough to keep pace with his new stablemate. The renowned Earl Sande, then just a youngster, rode Sir Barton in the Futurity. Although there was little hope that he would finish in the money, the colt flashed…

John Schlesinger: British films: Even more accomplished was Billy Liar (1963), based on a novel and play by Keith Waterhouse. This often very funny film follows the fortune of a young Yorkshire funeral-home worker (played by Tom Courtenay) who relies on his elaborate fantasy life to escape from the drudgery of his job.…

Keith Waterhouse: …was followed by the best-selling Billy Liar (1959), its hero a young man who compensates for his mundane existence by a series of fantastic daydreams. Billy Liar was turned into a successful play in 1960, a film in 1963, and a musical in 1974. Together with Willis Hall, Waterhouse wrote…

Ang Lee: …next film was another adaptation, Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk (2016), based on Ben Fountain’s acclaimed novel about Iraq War veterans. In 2019 Lee directed Will Smith in the action drama Gemini Man, in which a hit man is hunted by his clone.

Steve Buscemi: Film career: Reservoir Dogs, Fargo, and The Big Lebowski: …of Sandler’s hit comedies, notably Billy Madison (1995), The Wedding Singer (1998), and Big Daddy (1999). While many of these roles were minor, Buscemi’s scenes were often among the films’ funniest moments.

William Kennedy: Billy Phelan’s Greatest Game (1978), also set in Albany, chronicles the life of a small-time streetwise hustler who sidesteps the powerful local political machine. Ironweed (1983), which brought Kennedy widespread acclaim and won him the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, recounts a few days in…

Billy Preston: Death and legacy: The documentary Billy Preston: That’s the Way God Planned It (2026) explores Preston’s influence and his struggles with sobriety. The film also reveals that Preston, who had long hid his homosexuality partly because of his religious upbringing, had come out during a group therapy session in a…

Busby Berkeley: Later films: …as Rose Marie (1954) and Billy Rose’s Jumbo (1962).

Billy the Kid was an American outlaw who was one of the most notorious gunfighters of the American West. Although he claimed to have killed 21 men, the actual number is likely less than 10. At about age 21, Billy the Kid was gunned down by Sheriff Pat Garrett. Born on New York City’s East Side,