vaccine: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Emily K. Brunson
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Vaccine Basics. Oct 24, 2026
Added an interactive on U.S federal and state vaccine guidance. Aug 28, 2026
Add new Web site: Cell Press - Cell - Why and How Vaccines Work. May 02, 2026
Cross-references added. Oct 24, 2025
Added content on vaccine mandates. Sep 11, 2025
Display issue corrected. Sep 11, 2025
Added an infographic about lives saved by childhood vaccinations from 1974 to 2024. May 30, 2025
Links added. Mar 04, 2025
Added a video about vaccine development. Feb 27, 2025
Media added. Feb 24, 2025
Questions and answers added. Feb 11, 2025
Added an interactive timeline on vaccine development. Feb 10, 2025
Updated information on dates of vaccine development or licensure in the United States. Feb 04, 2025
Cross-reference added. Feb 09, 2024
Media added. May 15, 2023
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Vaccines. Oct 20, 2022
Add new Web site: National Library of Medicine - MedlinePlus - Vaccine. Apr 11, 2022
Clarified opening sentence to include mention of mRNA vaccines. Nov 23, 2021
Added information on RNA vaccines. Sep 21, 2021
Added a table of vaccine-preventable diseases with year of vaccine approval or licensure in the United States. Apr 20, 2020
Media added. Apr 09, 2020
Added mention of nasal flu vaccine. Apr 09, 2020
Added information on vaccines that protect against human papillomavirus infection. Mar 05, 2020
Add new Web site: Smithsonian National Museum of American History - History of Vaccines. Sep 20, 2019
Add new Web site: PBS - Informational Video on Vaccinations: "Vaccines�Calling the Shots". Apr 24, 2019
Add new Web site: PBS - Informational Video on Vaccinations: "Vaccines�Calling the Shots". Apr 24, 2019
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Vaccine Development Throughout History. Jul 12, 2018
Add new Web site: LiveScience - How Do Vaccines Work? Mar 29, 2018
Add new Web site: Better Health Channel - Vaccines. Sep 14, 2017
Replaced photographs. May 18, 2017
Added video. Jan 29, 2016
Added video that describes the basic strategies behind the process of vaccination. Dec 01, 2015
Added information on the benefits and adverse effects of vaccines. Jan 05, 2015
Add new Web site: Frontline: The Vaccine War. Sep 30, 2014
Add new Web site: NOVA: Vaccines�Calling the Shots video. Sep 30, 2014
Add new Web site: NOVA: Vaccines�Calling the Shots. Sep 30, 2014
Add new Web site: Frontline: The Vaccine War. Sep 30, 2014
Add new Web site: Better Health Channel - Vaccine. May 19, 2014
Add new Web site: State Government of Victoria, Australia - Health.vic - Immunisation. Apr 05, 2013
Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Vaccination. Apr 05, 2013
Add new Web site: WebMD - What Are Vaccines? Apr 05, 2013
Add new Web site: ILoveIndia.com - Vaccines - Myths And Facts. Apr 05, 2013
Add new Web site: Old and Sold - Biography of Dr. Schliemann. Aug 03, 2011
Media added. Mar 11, 2011
Added new Web site: Official Site of the Lord Carey of Clifton. Aug 01, 2008
Article revised. Nov 22, 2000
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: