A vaccine is produced by first generating the antigenāthe component that stimulates the immune system to respond. This antigen can take several forms, including an inactivated virus or bacterium, a purified subunit of the pathogen, or a recombinant protein engineered from it. Once the antigen is produced, it is carefully isolated and purified. Additional ingredients are then incorporated to boost its effectiveness and maintain stability during storage. Finally, the vaccine is manufactured on a large scale and packaged for widespread distribution.
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