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nitrogen
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A labeled diagram of a periodic table entry for nitrogen shows its atomic number 7, symbol N, electron configuration, atomic weight, and name. Symbols indicate nitrogen is a nonmetal gas at room temperature, has a hexagonal crystal structure, and strongly acidic higher-valence oxides. A key explains the diagram's icons and color coding. Explore an interactive periodic table of the elements Rutherford, Daniel A scientific graph plots average nuclear binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) against atomic mass number, showing a sharp rise at low mass numbers, peaking near iron (Fe), then gradually declining for heavier elements. Key isotopes are labeled along the curve. Figure 12: Transformations of nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere. Diagram of the Bohr atomic model for a nitrogen atom, showing a central nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by two rings of orbiting electrons. Labels identify protons, neutrons, electrons, and electron orbits. A chemical diagram illustrates the stepwise formation of organometallic ruthenium clusters, showing how one ruthenium atom is added at each stage to build increasingly complex structures, with arrows indicating the addition of Ru(CO)5 and loss of CO molecules. Diagram illustrating the nitrogen cycle, showing how nitrogen moves between the atmosphere, biosphere, and soil through natural processes like nitrogen fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, as well as through human activities such as fertilizer use and industrial emissions. Blue arrows indicate natural activities, and red arrows indicate human activities. A vertical temperature scale shows the cryogenic region, highlighted from absolute zero up to about 90 kelvin, with key points where gases like oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium liquefy, alongside temperature conversions between kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Rankine.
The importance of nitrogen and phosphorus in ecosystems
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nitrogen: References & Edit History

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Physiology of nitrogen: A life or death matter. Oct 10, 2026
Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Plant Science - Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture by integrating agronomic practices and genetic advances. Jul 18, 2026
Add new Web site: IOPscience - Environmental Research Letters - Nitrogen use in the global food system: past trends and future trajectories of agronomic performance, pollution, trade, and dietary demand (PDF). Dec 06, 2025
Add new Web site: Biological Research - Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Sep 12, 2025
Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Philosophical Transactions B - The cycling of organic nitrogen through the atmosphere. Jan 18, 2025
Add new Web site: Illinois State Water Survey - Prairie Research Institute - Nitrogen from the Atmosphere (PDF). Dec 06, 2024
Add new Web site: Lenntech - Nitrogen. May 29, 2024
Media added. Feb 22, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - Chemistry of Nitrogen. Oct 20, 2023
Add new Web site: University of Minnesota Extension - Understanding Nitrogen in soils. Aug 11, 2023
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Nitrogen Group (Group 5) Trends. Jun 30, 2023
Add new Web site: University of California Regents - Understanding Global Change - Nitrogen. May 18, 2023
Add new Web site: University of California Museum of Paleontology - Nitrogen. Apr 06, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Physiology of nitrogen: A life or death matter. Nov 13, 2022
Add new Web site: Clemson University - The Importance of Nitrogen. Apr 26, 2022
Corrected display issue. Nov 05, 2020
Added material about urea's use as a fertilizer and ammonium nitrate's use as an explosive. Apr 12, 2017
Add new Web site: LiveScience - Facts About Nitrogen. Dec 20, 2016
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Global Nitrogen: Cycling out of Control. Aug 17, 2016
Add new Web site: Rader's Chem4Kids.com - Nitrogen. Apr 16, 2014
Add new Web site: Chemicool - Nitrogen. Apr 16, 2014
Text added noting top-producing countries of nitrogen. Sep 05, 2013
Add new Web site: EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Nitrogen. Jan 25, 2013
Add new Web site: Quatr.us - Nitrogen. Jan 25, 2013
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Nitrogen. Jan 25, 2013
Add new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - Nitrogen. Jan 25, 2013
Add new Web site: Royal Society of Chemistry - Nitrogen. Jan 25, 2013
Add new Web site: Science Kids - Fun Science and Technology for Kids - Nitrogen. Mar 16, 2012
Article revised and updated. Dec 31, 2009
Combined with nitrogen sections of nitrogen group element article. Feb 06, 2009
Article revised and updated. Feb 26, 2008
Added new Web site: Hyperphysics - Nitrogen. Jan 06, 2008
Added new Web site: Corrosion source - Nitrogen. Jan 06, 2008
Added new Web site: Los Alamos National Laboratory - Nitrogen. Jan 06, 2008
Article revised and updated. Apr 12, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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