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In chromatography, the mobile phase is a fluid—either a liquid or a gas—that moves over or through a stationary phase. This movement carries the components of a mixture, or solutes, along with it. The separation of these solutes occurs based on how they distribute themselves between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. Solutes that favor the mobile phase travel faster, while those that are retained longer by the stationary phase move more slowly. This differential migration allows for the separation of complex mixtures. The mobile phase can be a liquid in techniques like liquid chromatography or a gas in gas chromatography.123

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