mental disorder

Introduction
Types and causes of mental disorders
- Classification and epidemiology
  - Classification
    - Psychoses
    - Neuroses
  - Epidemiology
- Theories of causation
  - Organic and hereditary etiologies
    - Genetics
    - Biochemistry
    - Neuropathology
  - Psychodynamic etiologies
    - Theories of personality development
    - Non-Freudian psychodynamics
  - Behavioral etiology
- Major diagnostic categories
  - Organic mental disorders
    - Senile and presenile dementia
    - Other organic syndromes
  - Substance use disorders
  - Schizophrenia
    - Clinical features
    - Course and prognosis
    - Etiology
    - Treatment
  - Mood disorders
    - Major mood disorders
    - Other mood disorders
  - Anxiety disorders
  - Somatoform disorders
    - Somatization disorder
    - Conversion disorder
    - Hypochondriasis
    - Psychogenic pain disorder
  - Dissociative disorders
    - Dissociative amnesia
    - Dissociative identity disorder
    - Depersonalization
  - Eating disorders
  - Personality disorders
    - Paranoid personality disorder
    - Schizoid personality disorder
    - Schizotypal personality disorder
    - Antisocial personality disorder
    - Borderline personality disorder
    - Histrionic personality disorder
    - Narcissistic personality disorder
    - Avoidant personality disorder
    - Dependent personality disorder
    - Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
  - Gender dysphoria
  - Paraphilic disorders
  - Disorders usually first evident in infancy, childhood, or adolescence
    - Attention-deficit disorders
    - Conduct disorders
    - Anxiety disorders
    - Eating disorders
    - Other childhood disorders
  - Other mental disorders
    - Factitious disorders
    - Impulse-control disorders
    - Adjustment disorders
Treatment of mental disorders
- Historical overview
  - Early history
  - The mental hospital era
  - The biological movement
  - Development of psychotherapy
  - Development of physical and pharmacological treatments
  - Deinstitutionalization
  - Development of behavior therapy
  - Further developments in the mental health profession
- Physiological treatments
  - Pharmacological treatments
    - Antipsychotic agents
    - Antianxiety agents
    - Antidepressant agents
    - Mood-stabilizing drugs
  - Electroconvulsive treatment
  - Psychosurgery
- The psychotherapies
  - Psychotherapeutic approaches
  - Dynamic psychotherapies
    - Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
    - Individual dynamic psychotherapy
    - Brief focal psychotherapy
    - Humanistic and existential psychotherapies
    - Behavioral psychotherapy
    - Cognitive psychotherapy
    - Interpersonal psychotherapy
    - Group psychotherapy
    - Family therapy

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images & Videos

Advances in psychiatric research and treatment discussed

Psychiatric disorders and the stigmas associated with them

Difficulties and advances in diagnosing psychiatric disorders

Portrait of Carl Jung wearing glasses and a suit, with white hair and mustache, holding a pipe to his mouth.

Marble portrait bust of Hippocrates atop a tall rectangular base inscribed with an epigram in Greek, displayed against a black background.

At a Glance

Sigmund Freud

mental disorder summary

mental disorder: Media

medicine

Videos

Advances in psychiatric research and treatment discussed

Advances in psychiatric research and treatment discussed

A discussion of the advances made in psychiatric research and treatment.

Video: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Psychiatric disorders and the stigmas associated with them

Psychiatric disorders and the stigmas associated with them

A discussion of psychiatric (mental) disorders and the stigmas often attached to...

Video: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Difficulties and advances in diagnosing psychiatric disorders

Difficulties and advances in diagnosing psychiatric disorders

Learn about the difficulties and advances in diagnosing psychiatric (mental) disorders.

Video: HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (A Britannica Publishing Partner)

Images

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud, 1921.

Mary Evans/Sigmund Freud Copyrights (courtesy of W.E. Freud)

Portrait of Carl Jung wearing glasses and a suit, with white hair and mustache, holding a pipe to his mouth.

Carl Jung

Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist Carl Jung

© Bettmann/Getty Images

Erich Fromm

Erich Fromm

Erich Fromm.

Courtesy of Michigan State University

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov

National Library of Medicine Digital Collections, National Institutes of Health (101426180)

Eugen Bleuler

Eugen Bleuler

Eugen Bleuler.

Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine

Marble portrait bust of Hippocrates atop a tall rectangular base inscribed with an epigram in Greek, displayed against a black background.

Hippocrates

Hippocrates, Roman bust copied from a Greek original, c. 3rd century bce;...

© MiC/Electa—Mondadori Portfolio/Getty Images

Philippe Pinel

Philippe Pinel

Philippe Pinel, engraving by Pierre-Roch Vigneron.

Giraudon/Art Resource, New York

Dorothea Dix

Dorothea Dix

Dorothea Dix, portrait by Samuel Bell Waugh, 1868.

Courtesy of Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, D.C.

Jean-Martin Charcot

Jean-Martin Charcot

Jean-Martin Charcot, 1890.

Bettmann/Corbis

Josef Breuer

Josef Breuer

Josef Breuer, detail of a crayon drawing by Emil Fuchs, 1897.

Archiv für Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin

Egas Moniz

Egas Moniz

Egas Moniz, c. 1950.

Archiv für Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin

Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers, 1970.

Courtesy of Carl Rogers

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