cloning: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- de-extinction
- genetically modified organism
- How Easy Is It to Clone Your Pet?
- Robert P. Lanza
- macaqueMacaques in medical research
- nuclear transfer
- philosophy of biologySocial and ethical issues
- somatic cell nuclear transfer
- Shirley M. TilghmanCareer
- woolly mammothDNA sequencing and potential de-extinction
- John Gurdon
Additional Reading
The science, applications, and philosophical issues of cloning are discussed in Glenn McGee (ed.), The Human Cloning Debate, 4th ed. (2004). An overview of the uses of cloning in molecular biology is Terry A. Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, 5th ed. (2006). The social, psychological, and ethical impacts of human cloning are discussed in Ian Wilmut and Roger Highfield, After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning (2006).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Michael Rugnetta
Fellows assistant, Center for American Progress, Washington, D.C.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Methods and Mechanisms of Genetic Manipulation and Cloning of Animals. | Sep 25, 2026 | ||
| Expanded top questions. | Apr 09, 2026 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Oct 28, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Utah - Learn.Genetics - Cloning. | Sep 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Khan Academy - Overview: DNA cloning. | Jul 26, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Public Health - Human cloning as reproductive means in future: a qualitative thematic study of underpinning values. | Jun 11, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: UH Pressbooks - Concepts of Zoology Hawaiʻi Edition - Cloning and Genetic Engineering. | Apr 14, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Utah - Learn.Genetics - Cloning. | Feb 11, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Nature - Humanities and Social Sciences Communications - The global governance of human cloning: the case of UNESCO. | Aug 20, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: CellPress - Cell - Robert Koch: The grandfather of Cloning? | Jul 01, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Live Science - How does cloning work? | Apr 18, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Cloning humans? Biological, ethical, and social considerations. | Nov 15, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: BCcampus Open Publishing - Plasmids and Cloning Basics. | Sep 19, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Human Genome Research Institute - Cloning Fact Sheet. | Sep 19, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Cloning. | Apr 06, 2023 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 15, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Cloning. | Dec 12, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Methods and Mechanisms of Genetic Manipulation and Cloning of Animals. | Sep 29, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Academia - The Ethics of Cloning. | Sep 26, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 15, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 18, 2020 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic - Cloning. | Dec 12, 2019 | ||
| Added a video about cloning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. | Nov 13, 2019 | ||
| Deleted text describing yeast as examples of prokaryotic organisms. | May 10, 2018 | ||
| Noted that the somatic cell nuclear transfer process was used to create the first viable clone of the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). | Jan 25, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Genetics Generation - Cloning. | Feb 24, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: DNA Learning Center - Cloning. | Feb 24, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: Easy Science For Kids - Cloning Process. | Jan 17, 2017 | ||
| Replaced photograph. | Jan 13, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: LiveScience - How Does Cloning Work? | Sep 05, 2016 | ||
| Added a photo of the first cloned cat, CC. | Oct 27, 2015 | ||
| Changed "first performed on a salamander embryo in 1902" to "first performed on a salamander embryo in the early 1900s" and changed "scientists needed 227 tries to create Dolly" to "scientists needed 277 tries to create Dolly." | Mar 17, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cornell University - Department of Animal Science - Clone. | Jan 24, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Human Genome Research Institute - Cloning. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Library of Medicine - Cloning. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Cloning. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Cloning. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Kenyon College - Department of Biology - Human Cloning. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Isolating, Cloning, and Sequencing DNA. | Jan 03, 2014 | ||
| Added mention of the generation of human embryonic stem cells from cloned human embryos. | May 16, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Indian Child - Cloning. | Apr 23, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - What is Cloning? | Apr 23, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: WebMD - The Facts and Fiction of Cloning. | Apr 23, 2013 | ||
| Clarified information on nuclear transfer experiments conducted by Robert W. Briggs, Thomas J. King, and John Bertrand Gurdon. Also added mention that Gurdon won a share of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. | Nov 21, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Thinkquest - Cloning. | Jul 07, 2011 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Animal Cloning. | Jul 07, 2011 | ||
| New bibliography added. | May 21, 2009 | ||
| New article added. | May 21, 2009 |
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