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Which gymnosperms have flagellated sperm?

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Gymnosperm Pine cone and exposed seeds of the pinyon pine (*Pinus edulis*). Pinyon pines are gymnosperms and bear their edible seeds, known as pine nuts, in protective cones instead of fruit.

Among all living seed plants, only cycads and the ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) possess flagellated sperm.12

In these groups, the male gametophyte develops a pollen tube that delivers the sperm to the archegonia of the female gametophyte. Once released, these multiflagellated spermatozoids are motile and swim through a liquid medium within the fertilization chamber to reach and fertilize the egg. This characteristic is considered a primitive feature, as other gymnosperms—such as conifers and gnetophytes—have evolved to produce non-motile sperm that lack flagella.342