Which events from the Trojan War are described in Homer’s Iliad?

It is a common misconception that Homer’s Iliad recounts the entire Trojan War, including its origins and the fall of the city. In reality, the Iliad covers only a few crucial weeks during the 10th and final year of the conflict.12

The narrative is driven by the wrath of Achilles following a quarrel with Agamemnon over the maiden Briseis. Key events described in the poem include:12

• The Withdrawal of Achilles: After Agamemnon seizes Briseis, Achilles refuses to fight, leading the Greeks to suffer significant losses as the Trojans, led by Hector, push them back to their ships.1
• Divine Intervention: Throughout the conflict, various gods—such as Apollo, Athena, and Zeus—actively intervene, favoring different sides and influencing the tide of battle.13
• The Death of Patroclus: Distressed by the Greek defeat, Achilles’ companion Patroclus enters the battle wearing Achilles' armor but is killed by Hector.1
• The Return of Achilles: Consumed by grief and rage, Achilles reconciles with Agamemnon and returns to the battlefield, where he eventually kills Hector in single combat.1
• Conclusion: The epic ends with the funeral rites for Hector, rather than the fall of Troy or the use of the Trojan Horse, which are detailed in other literary traditions.13