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Britannica Sources used in this answer

What happened to Sumer after the fall of the Akkadian dynasty?

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Historical map showing ancient Mesopotamia with labeled locations of major archaeological and historical sites. Symbols and color codes indicate sites from the prehistoric era, Sumerian-Akkadian culture, Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian eras, Assyrian civilization, Hurrian era, late Persian, Greek, and Parthian eras, as well as marshland areas. The map covers the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, including present-day Iraq and surrounding areas.
history of Mesopotamia

Following the collapse of the Akkadian dynasty, which was weakened by succession disputes and external pressures, southern Mesopotamia experienced a period of political turmoil and instability.12

The region faced significant disruption from the infiltration of the Gutians, a mountain people from the Zagros Mountains, and the nomadic Amorites. While the Gutians held influence in the region for approximately a century, their control was often informal or localized, and some city-states, such as Lagash, maintained independence and experienced cultural activity under rulers like Gudea.12

Sumer eventually recovered from this period of upheaval after Utu-hegal of Uruk defeated the last Gutian king. This led to the final major era of Sumerian civilization: the 3rd dynasty of Ur, a highly centralized state known for its sophisticated bureaucracy and the legal reforms of Ur-Nammu. Following the fall of Ur around 2000 BCE, the region divided into smaller units before eventually being unified under later powers.2345