North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, public historically Black university founded in 1891 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race in Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S. Utilizing federal financial support from the Second Morrill Act (1890), this land-grant college was established for the benefit of Black Americans and sought “to teach practical agriculture and mechanic arts and such branches of learning as relate there to, not excluding academic and classical instruction.” The college awarded its first degrees in 1899, began restricting enrollment to men only in 1902 (until 1928, when the restriction was lifted), and was renamed Negro Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina in 1915. The school’s name changed again in 1957, to Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina, and a final name change, to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, came 10 years later. One of the country’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), North Carolina A&T has been a constituent institution in the University of North Carolina system since 1972.

North Carolina A&T is widely known for the critical role its students played in the 20th-century civil rights movement. Four freshmen—Ezell Blair, Jr. (later Jibreel Khazan), Franklin McCain, Joseph McNeil, and David Richmond—organized the movement’s first sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter on February 1, 1960. Their actions inspired and galvanized other Black university students, and the sit-in movement spread throughout the segregated South, leading to the integration of dining facilities across the region. Variously known as the Greensboro Four and the A&T Four, the students and their activism are commemorated on the North Carolina A&T campus with the February One Monument, an outdoor sculpture that is also a stop on the United States Civil Rights Trail.

North Carolina A&T is the largest HBCU, with more than 13,000 students. Most of the university’s students are undergraduates and more than 80 percent are Black or African American. North Carolina A&T offers bachelor’s and master’s degrees in a variety of disciplines, and it awards doctoral degrees in agricultural and environmental sciences, electrical and mechanical engineering, leadership studies, and computer science, among other subjects. Studies take place through the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences; the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences; the Willie A. Deese College of Business and Economics; the College of Education; the College of Engineering; the John R. and Kathy R. Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences; the College of Science and Technology; the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering; the School of Nursing; and the Graduate and Honors colleges. Opportunities exist for students to participate in cooperative education programs, to study abroad, and to cross-register at other area institutions. The university’s sports teams compete in the Coastal Athletic Association in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Notable North Carolina A&T alumni include Mamie (“Peanut”) Johnson, the first woman to pitch in the Negro Leagues; civil rights pioneer Jesse Jackson; Ronald McNair, a NASA astronaut who died in the 1986 space shuttle Challenger disaster; landscape architect and MacArthur fellow Walter Hood; and Janice Bryant Howroyd, founder and CEO of the workforce management company ActOne Group. Forbes magazine included Howroyd in its 2023 list of America’s most successful women entrepreneurs, executives, and entertainers.