New Brunswick

Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
- Relief, drainage, and soils
- Climate
- Plant and animal life
People
- Population composition
- Settlement patterns
- Demographic trends
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
- Manufacturing
- Services, labour, and taxation
- Transportation and telecommunications
Government and society
- Constitutional framework
- Health and welfare
- Education
Cultural life
- The arts
- Cultural institutions
- Sports and recreation
- Media and publishing
History

References & Edit History Facts & Stats

Images

The official seal of the Province of New Brunswick.

Map of New Brunswick, Canada, showing major cities, towns, and political subdivision capitals, along with rivers and surrounding regions. The province is bordered by Quebec to the north, Maine (United States) to the west, the Bay of Fundy and Nova Scotia to the south, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Prince Edward Island to the east. Inset locator map highlights New Brunswick's position within Canada.

Lighthouse at Cape Enrage on the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Can.

Physical map of New Brunswick, a province in eastern Canada, showing major rivers, lakes, mountains, national and historic parks, and surrounding bodies of water such as the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Bay of Fundy. The map also marks neighboring regions-Quebec, Maine (United States), Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island-and includes a small locator inset highlighting New Brunswick's position within Canada.

Sand dune beach near Bouctouche, on the east coast of New Brunswick, Can.

Forested hills rising behind a small farm near Waterford, N.B.

Scenic drive along the coast of New Brunswick, Can.

At a Glance

White lighthouse with a red top stands on a grassy cliff overlooking the water at Cape Enrage, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, with sunlight illuminating the scene.

New Brunswick summary

Related Questions

How did British tariffs on timber help New Brunswick’s economy after 1808?
How did Moncton become a transportation and distribution centre?
How did Oromocto develop after the establishment of Canadian Forces Base Gagetown?
How did United Empire Loyalists help create the province of New Brunswick?
How did the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 affect New Brunswick trade?
How did the equal opportunity program of the 1960s change public services in New Brunswick?
How does Point Lepreau contribute to New Brunswick’s electricity supply?
How does the Chignecto Isthmus connect New Brunswick with Nova Scotia?
How does the Confederation Bridge connect New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island?
How has aquaculture added to New Brunswick’s seafood industry?
How is New Brunswick’s public school system organized for English-speaking and French-speaking students?
How large is New Brunswick in square kilometres?
How many Loyalist refugees came to New Brunswick after the American Revolution?
What challenges has New Brunswick’s forest industry faced?
What is the capital city of New Brunswick?
What types of products are made from New Brunswick forests?
When did Britain take control of Acadia?
When did New Brunswick become separate from Nova Scotia?
When did New Brunswick join the Canadian Confederation?
When did New Brunswick receive responsible home government from Britain?
Where did some deported Acadians eventually settle after 1755?
Where is the Canadian province of New Brunswick located?
Which First Nations lived in the area that became New Brunswick?
Which U.S. state borders New Brunswick?
Which agricultural areas of New Brunswick have the richest soils?
Which cities in northern New Brunswick developed around the pulp and paper industry?
Which city is the largest industrial centre and ocean port in New Brunswick?
Which crops are major sources of farm income in New Brunswick?
Which famous paintings are displayed at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery?
Which minerals are mined near Bathurst in northeastern New Brunswick?
Which other provinces are part of Canada’s Maritime Provinces?
Which provinces and bodies of water border New Brunswick?
Which seafood species are important to New Brunswick’s fishing industry?
Which summer activities are popular along New Brunswick’s rivers and seashore?
Which universities serve English-speaking and French-speaking students in New Brunswick?
Which winter sports are popular in New Brunswick?
Why are English and French both official languages in New Brunswick?
Why did New Brunswick seek federal financial assistance during the 20th century?
Why did Saint John become an important port for Canadian exports during winter?
Why did the Loyalists want a separate government from Nova Scotia?
Why is New Brunswick’s fishing industry affected by seasonal changes and fish stocks?
Why is Saint John home to Canada’s largest oil refinery?
Why is only a small part of New Brunswick suitable for farming?
Why is pulp and paper production important to northern New Brunswick communities?
Why was New Brunswick named after the royal house of Brunswick?
Why was the period of timber exports and shipbuilding called the age of wood, wind, and water?
Why were counties abolished as administrative units in New Brunswick during the 1960s?
What led to the War of 1812?
How did the War of 1812 end?
Did the War of 1812 have popular support?
What role did Native Americans play in the War of 1812?
What were the War of 1812’s lasting effects?
What is Alberta?
Where is Alberta located?
Why is Alberta holding an independence referendum?
How did Alberta become a province?
How do oil and gas affect Alberta’s economy?

Geography & Travel States & Other Subdivisions

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External Websites

Official Site of the Government of New Brunswick, Canada
Government of Canada - New Brunswick's provincial symbols
The Canadian Encyclopedia - New Brunswick, Canada
Official Tourism Site of New Brunswick, Canada

Britannica Websites

Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.

New Brunswick - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
New Brunswick - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

New Brunswick

province, Canada

Written by

Stephen E. Patterson

Professor Emeritus in History, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. Author of Political Parties in Revolutionary Massachusetts.

Stephen E. Patterson

Fact-checked by

Britannica Editors

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....

Britannica Editors

Last updated

Nov. 13, 2026 •History

New Brunswick, Canadian province located on the eastern seaboard of the North American continent. It is Canada’s only officially bilingual province, French and English having equal status. It was one of the four original provinces making up the national confederation in 1867. Together with Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, it forms the regional grouping known as the Maritime Provinces. New Brunswick has a roughly rectangular shape, about 210 miles (340 km) from north to...

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