At a Glance
Mediterranean Sea: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- levanter
- EuropeWild animals
- water mass
- density currentMediterranean overflow current
- mountainThe western segment of the system
- Tertiary PeriodPaleogeography
- ocean basinEvolution of the ocean basins through plate movements
- Ottoman EmpireSĂŒleyman I
- density currentDensity currents originating from marginal seas
- ocean currentThermohaline circulation
- paleoceanography
Additional Reading
General works include Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, 2 vol. (1972â73; originally published in French, 2nd rev. ed., 2 vol., 1966); HĂ©lĂšne Ahrweiler, GĂ©ographie historique du monde mĂ©diterranĂ©en (1988), with essays in French, English, German, and Italian; Carl F. Pinkele and Adamantia Pollis (eds.), The Contemporary Mediterranean World (1983), which includes an essay by Baruch Boxer, âEnvironment and Regional Identity in the Mediterranean,â pp. 59â73; Baruch Boxer, âMediterranean Pollution: Problem and Response,â Ocean Development and International Law, 10(3â4):315â356 (1982); Norton Ginsburg, Sidney Holt, and William Murdoch (eds.), The Mediterranean Marine Environment and the Development of the Region (1974); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (1990); and Oceanus, vol. 33, no. 1 (Spring 1990), a special issue on the Mediterranean.
Oceanographic works include a special issue of Marine Geology, vol. 100, no. 1â4 (1991), âAnoxic Basins and Sapropel Deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean,â ed. by Maria B. Cita, Gert J. de Lange, and Eric Olausson (1991); C.S. Giam and H.J.-M. Dou (eds.), Strategies and Advanced Techniques for Marine Pollution Studies: Mediterranean Sea (1986); H.J. Minas and P. Nival (eds.), OcĂ©anographie pĂ©lagique mĂ©diterranĂ©enne (1988); and A.R. Miller, P. Tchernia, and H. Charnock, Mediterranean Sea Atlas of Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen Profiles, and Data (1970). An environmental-impact analysis of the effects of pollution in the Mediterranean Sea can be found in European Environment Agency, State and Pressures of the Marine and Coastal Mediterranean Environment (1999). A United Nations study of pollution hot spots is United Nations Environment Programme, Mediterranean Action Plan and World Health Organization, Identification of Priority Pollution Hot Spots and Sensitive Areas in the Mediterranean (1999). A report on the European Unionâs "Mediterranean Targeted Program" of joint oceanographic research projects can be found in Nigel Williams, âMeeting Briefs: The Mediterranean Beckons to Europeâs Oceanographers,â Science, 279(5350):483â484 (Jan. 23,1998). Developments in integrated coastal zone management in the Mediterranean region are reviewed in Adalberto Vallega, âIntegrated Coastal Area Management in the Framework of the UNEP Regional Seas Programme: The Lesson from the Mediterranean,â Ocean Yearbook, 13:245â278 (1998). Efforts to manage the environmental problems of the Mediterranean are discussed in United Nations Environment Programme, Strategic Action Programme to Address Pollution from Land-Based Activities (1998); Stefano Belfiore, Maria Giuseppina Lucia, and Eva Pesaro, Regional Seas Towards Sustainable Development (1996); and S. Busuttil, âThe Future of the Mediterranean,â Ocean Yearbook, 10:240â247 (1993). International law and policy relating to protected marine areas in the Mediterranean Sea are analyzed by Tullio Scovazzi (ed.), Marine Specially Protected Areas: The General Aspects and the Mediterranean Regional System (1999).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Baruch Boxer
-
Mostafa Salah
Former Director, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayed Bey, Alexandria, Egypt. Author of numerous articles on oceanography.
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: Nature - The streaming of plastic in the Mediterranean Sea. | May 09, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: United Nations - The Mediterranean Sea: Cradle of Civilization. | Sep 20, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: HistoryWorld - History of Mediterranean. | Aug 30, 2019 | ||
| Noted that the Ionian Sea is south of Albania, Italy, and Greece. | May 16, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient History Encyclopedia - Mediterranean. | Jul 06, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient History Encyclopedia - Mediterranean. | Jul 06, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Mediterranean Sea. | Apr 02, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Iloveindia.com - Mediterranean Sea. | Feb 12, 2013 | ||
| Added satellite image of Earth showing the Mediterranean Sea. | Jun 30, 2010 | ||
| Geologic time data updated. | Sep 17, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - Geography of Mediterranean Sea. | Jul 30, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jul 05, 2007 | ||
| Bibliography revised. | May 15, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Library of Congress - 1492 - An Ongoing Voyage. | Sep 28, 2006 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: