Lausanne
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What is Lausanne?
Lausanne, located in western Switzerland, is the capital of Vaud canton on the northern shore of Lake Geneva. The city's elevation ranges from 1,240 feet (378 meters) at its lake port, Ouchy, to 2,122 feet (647 meters) at Le Signal, its highest point. Lausanne is built on the southern slopes of the Jorat heights and has a hilly appearance due to numerous connecting levels.
Lausanne is known for its historic buildings, including the Gothic Cathedral of Notre-Dame and the Saint-François Church. The city is a cultural and intellectual hub, home to the University of Lausanne and the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee.
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Where is Lausanne located in Switzerland?
Lausanne, the capital of Vaud canton, is situated in western Switzerland on the northern shore of Lake Geneva. Built on the southern slopes of the Jorat heights, the city's elevation varies from 1,240 feet (378 metres) at Ouchy, its lake port, to 2,122 feet (647 metres) at Le Signal, its highest point. Lausanne's hilly terrain is due to two covered streams, the Flon and the Louve, that once ran through its centre, leaving depressions and connecting levels.
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What is Lausanne known for?
Lausanne, the capital of Vaud canton in western Switzerland, is known for several things:
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Location Built on the northern shore of Lake Geneva, it has a hilly appearance due to its location on the slopes of the Jorat heights.
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Historical Significance Two major international treaties were signed here in 1912 and 1923. Lausanne also hosted a conference in 1932 to address Germany's reparations payments after World War I.
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Cultural and Intellectual Hub Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural center of French Switzerland. Many famous European men of letters resided there, including Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Edward Gibbon.
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Olympic Committee Headquarters Since 1915, the city has been home to the International Olympic Committee. It also has the Olympic Museum.
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What languages are commonly spoken in Lausanne?
Lausanne is located in the canton of Vaud, where the population is mainly French-speaking. As a country, Switzerland recognizes German, French, and Italian as official languages in its constitution. Romansh is also a national language. English is widely spoken in Switzerland as well.
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Why is Lausanne important to international sports?
Lausanne's importance to international sports stems from being the home of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 1915. The city is also home to the Olympic Museum, hosts numerous international sporting organizations, and holds events such as the Athletissima track and field competition and the Lausanne Marathon. Awarding of the Olympic Games is entrusted to a city and not a country, and the choice lies solely with the IOC.
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What are some famous landmarks or attractions in Lausanne?
Lausanne, the capital of Vaud canton in western Switzerland, offers a variety of famous landmarks and attractions. Historic buildings include the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, consecrated in 1275, and the ChĂąteau Saint-Maire, which is now the seat of the cantonal government.
Lausanne is also home to the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Museum, surrounded by a public park. Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural center of French Switzerland and is an important tourist and convention center.
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Lausanne, capital of Vaud canton, western Switzerland, on the northern shore of Lake Geneva (Lac LĂ©man); built on the southern slopes of the Jorat heights, its elevation ranges from 1,240 feet (378 metres) at Ouchy, its lake port, to 2,122 feet (647 metres) at Le Signal, its highest point. Two short streams, the Flon and the Louve, which formerly flowed through the centre of the city, have been filled in, leaving numerous depressions; as a result, Lausanne has a hilly appearance, built on many connecting levels.
The ancient Celtic Lausonium, or Lausonna, was originally on the shore of the lake southwest of the present city. During the invasion of the Alemanni (c. 379), the inhabitants took refuge in the hills above, building a settlement on the site of the present CitĂ© district. In 590 Bishop Marius of Aventicum (now Avenches) established his diocese there. The settlement eventually joined with the Burgundian settlement of Bourg across the Flon and with a colony around the church of Saint-Laurent to the west. The bishops, princes of the Holy Roman Empire from the 12th century, retained their great temporal powers until 1536, when Lausanne, with the rest of the Pays de Vaud, was conquered by the Bernese, who introduced the Protestant Reformation. The Bernese occupation lasted until 1798, and Lausanne became the capital of the new Vaud canton of Napoleonâs Helvetic Republic in 1803.
Two major international treaties were signed at Lausanne: between Italy and Turkey in 1912 and between Turkey and the Allies of World War I in 1923. In 1932 a conference was held in Lausanne to liquidate reparations payments by Germany to the Allied powers. In 1964 the city was the site of the Swiss National Exhibition, held every 25 years in a different Swiss city.
Historic buildings include the early Gothic Cathedral of Notre-Dame, consecrated in 1275 by Pope Gregory X in the presence of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg; the Saint-François Church, erected during the same period but partly rebuilt in the late 14th century; and the city hall (rebuilt 1674). The castle, now housing the Historical Museum of the Ancient Bishopric, is the only vestige of the 13th-century residences of the bishops. The ChĂąteau Saint-Maire (1397â1431), the former bishopâs castle, is now the seat of the cantonal government. More-recent landmarks are the Palais de Rumine (1903), the principal building of the university, which also houses the cantonal museums, and the federal court of justice (1927), seat of the Swiss Supreme Court.
Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural centre of French Switzerland. Its university (1891) originated as a theological academy in 1537. The city was the birthplace of the noted Swiss literary figures Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, Alexandre Vinet, Juste Olivier, and Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz and of the philosopher Charles Secrétan. Many famous European men of letters, including Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, and Edward Gibbon, resided there.
The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee are at Lausanne, and an Olympic Museum, surrounded by a public park, opened in 1993. Lausanne is also the site of the Federal Polytechnic Institute (founded 1853, present status 1969) and of the annual national fair Comptoir Suisse.
A junction for railway lines from Geneva, Fribourg, Bern, and Vallorbe (for Paris), Lausanne gained greatly in commercial importance when the opening of the Simplon Tunnel in 1906 placed it on the great international route from Paris to Milan. Principal industries include the manufacture of machinery, precision instruments, and metal products, along with printing and food processing. The city is also an important tourist and convention centre. Pop. (2007 est.) city, 118,049; urban agglom., 313,074.
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