At a Glance
Istanbul: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- interior designByzantium
- mosaicStone
- mosaicMiddle Byzantine mosaics
- Islamic artsOttoman Turkey
- potteryByzantium
- Western sculptureBeginnings
- Islamic artsTurkey
- Western theatreMime and pantomime
- TurkeySettlement patterns
- TurkeyMustafa Kemal and the Turkish War of Independence, 1919–23
- TurkeyThe military coup of 1960
- Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine EmpireFinal Turkish assault
- Sack of Constantinople
- CrusadesThe effects of religion
- CrusadesThe Fourth Crusade and the Latin empire of Constantinople
- dressThe Byzantine Empire
- dressThe Ottoman Empire
- dressFemale display
- educationStages of education
Additional Reading
Antiquities
Useful sources on Istanbul’s antiquities include Pierre Gilles, The Antiquities of Constantinople, 2nd ed. (1988; originally published in Latin, 1561); A. Van Millingen, Byzantine Constantinople: The Walls of the City and Adjoining Historical Sites (1899); Philip Sherrard, Constantinople: Iconography of a Sacred City (1965); Philip Grierson, The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors, 337–1042 (1962); Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire (1963); and Dean A. Miller, Imperial Constantinople (1969). Michael MacLagan, The City of Constantinople (1968), is well illustrated, with a good annotated bibliography and index.
Churches
On Istanbul’s churches, W.R. Lethaby and H. Swainson, The Church of Sancta Sophia (1894); T. Whittemore, The Mosaics of St. Sophia at Istanbul, 4 vol. (1933–52); Robert Mark and Ahmet S. Çakmak (eds.), Hagia Sophia from the Age of Justinian to the Present (1992); and Paul Atkins Underwood, The Kariye Djami (1966) may be consulted.
The city in modern times
Accounts of the modern city include Peter Mayne, Istanbul (1967); Chris Hellier, Splendors of Istanbul: Houses and Palaces Along the Bosporus (1993); Erik Jan Zürcher, Turkey: A Modern History (2004); Murat Gül, The Emergence of Modern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City (2009); and Orhan Pamuk, Istanbul: Memories and the City (2006), an intimate account of the city by the winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize for Literature.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Blake Ehrlich
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Contributors
-
Geoff Tompkinson
For more than 30 years Geoff Tompkinson has traveled the world as a photographer. Working at different times in the fields of photojournalism, corporate, advertising, stock, 3D concepts and latterly timelapse and realtime motion clips, During his corporate period he worked on annual reports and corporate brochures for Glaxo, ICI, Zeneca, Fisons, Bibby, Inchcape, Ready Mixed Concrete, Genzyme, PHLS and many more. His timelapse and realtime footage regularly appears on television all over the world as well as in major Hollywood movies.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-reference added. | Jul 07, 2023 | ||
| Cross-reference added. | Jun 16, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Istanbul. | Dec 01, 2022 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Mar 18, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Muze Istanbul - Official Website of Istanbul Museums. | Mar 04, 2021 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Jan 28, 2021 | ||
| Add new Web site: UNESCO Silk Roads - Istanbul, Turkey. | Dec 06, 2020 | ||
| Deleted video. | Apr 23, 2020 | ||
| Rearranged media. | Nov 22, 2019 | ||
| Clarified discussion of the development of the name Istanbul. | Aug 01, 2019 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Apr 08, 2019 | ||
| Updated population data. | Feb 21, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Tourism Site of Istanbul, Turkey. | Jul 06, 2018 | ||
| In the Introduction, corrected a confusing sentence about Istanbul's status as the capital of the Ottoman and Byzantine Empires. | Jan 26, 2018 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Nov 20, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Nov 10, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 30, 2016 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 03, 2016 | ||
| Added videos. | May 23, 2016 | ||
| Media added. | May 23, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Maps of World - Istanbul. | Apr 08, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. | Sep 29, 2013 | ||
| Media added. | Jul 02, 2013 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 26, 2013 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Tourism Site of Turkey. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Maps of World - Istanbul. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Sacred Destinations - Istanbul. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Jewish Virtual Library - Istanbul. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Lonely Planet - Istanbul. | Dec 13, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Fordham University - Byzantium. | Sep 01, 2010 | ||
| Revised to change BC/AD to BCE/CE. | Mar 25, 2010 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Mar 22, 2010 | ||
| Media revised. | Mar 22, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Travel and Cultures - Istanbul. | Apr 20, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Illustrated History of the Roman Empire - Constantinople. | Feb 17, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: All About Turkey - History of Istanbul. | Jul 23, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: LookLex Encyclopaedia - Istanbul. | Jul 23, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - Geography of Istanbul. | Jul 17, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: LookLex Encyclopaedia - Istanbul. | Apr 15, 2008 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 19, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Constantinople - Sack of Constantinople. | Sep 18, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Istanbul. | Jul 25, 2007 | ||
| Population data updated. | Jul 13, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: All About Turkey - History of Istanbul. | Jan 18, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality - The City of Istanbul. | Jan 18, 2007 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 17, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 17, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 17, 1999 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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