The Middle East has undergone profound transformations in its geopolitical climate and economic development, partly due to the destabilizing collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the discovery of vast oil reserves in the Persian Gulf region, control of which has been a contributing factor in some of the conflicts in the region (including the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, the Persian Gulf War of the 1990s, the Iraq War in the early 21st century, and the 2026 Iran war).
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