Indus River: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Descriptions of the Indus are found in surveys of the corresponding regions, such as H.T. Lambrick, Sind: A General Introduction, 3rd ed. (1986); Peter R. Blood (ed.), Pakistan: A Country Study, 6th ed. (1995); and K.U. Kureshy, A Geography of Pakistan, 3rd ed. enlarged (1997). Works on the Indus itself include Jean Fairley, The Lion River: The Indus (1975), a history of civilization in the Indus valley and of its discovery and exploration; Aloys Arthur Michel, The Indus Rivers: A Study of the Effects of Partition (1967), a discussion of the problem of water resources in the Indus valley; Nazir Ahmad and Ghulam Rasul Chaudhry, Irrigated Agriculture of Pakistan (1988); and A.H. Siddiqi, “Society and Economy of the Tribal Belt in Pakistan,” Geoforum, 18(1):65–79 (1987). Geoffrey Moorhouse, To the Frontier (1984, reprinted 2008); and Alice Albinia, Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River (2008), are descriptive works. Azra Meadows and Peter S. Meadows (eds.), The Indus River: Biodiversity, Resources, Humankind (1999), is a useful collection of papers on geology, biology, resources, and human activities in the Indus basin. A specialist book on the geomorphology of the region is John F. Shroder, Jr. (ed.), Himalaya to the Sea (1993).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Nafis Ahmad
  • Deryck O. Lodrick
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Oxford Public International Law - Indus River. Oct 25, 2026
Add new Web site: Food and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations - Transboundary River Basin Overview – Indus (PDF). Mar 06, 2026
Add new Web site: Oxford Public International Law - Indus River. Nov 28, 2025
Article revised and updated Oct 08, 2024
Add new Web site: CORE - Thermochronology of the modern Indus River bedload: New insight into the controls on the marine stratigraphic record (PDF). Aug 01, 2024
Add new Web site: NASA Science - World of Change: Seasons of the Indus River. Jun 21, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - A brief history of the Indus River. Oct 13, 2023
Add new Web site: MapsofIndia.com - Indus River Map. Apr 28, 2023
Updated the administrative status of Jammu and Kashmir. Mar 19, 2021
Corrected display issue. Feb 06, 2019
Article revised and updated. Feb 16, 2015
Bibliography revised and updated. Feb 16, 2015
Media added. Feb 16, 2015
Add new Web site: MapsofIndia.com - Rivers in India - Indus River Map. Aug 29, 2014
Add new Web site: The Encyclopedia of Earth - Indus River. Jan 24, 2013
Bibliography updated. Mar 06, 2009
Article thoroghly revised and updated; photographs added. Mar 06, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - The Indus River. Jul 08, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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