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Djenné, ancient trading city and center of Muslim scholarship, southern Mali. It is situated on the Bani River and on floodlands between the Bani and Niger rivers, 220 miles (354 km) southwest of Timbuktu. The city, which sits on hillocks (small hills) known as toguère, becomes an island during the area’s seasonal flooding. There is some uncertainty surrounding the establishment of Djenné. It was likely founded sometime between the 8th and the 13th century. It...