Biblical criticism: Quick Facts

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exegesis Hermeneutics two-source hypothesis demythologization Tübingen theory four-source hypothesis tradition criticism redaction criticism historical criticism philological criticism textual criticism Hebrew Bible Deconstruction number of the beast mammon Ancients and Moderns Formalism New Humanism intentionality Platonic criticism

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Key People

Martin Luther

Martin Luther

German religious leader

Justus of Ghent: Saint Augustine

St. Augustine

Christian bishop and theologian

Engraved portrait of Benedict de Spinoza by Friedrich Roth-Scholtz, showing Spinoza in formal 17th-century attire with a circular symbol in the upper left corner.

Benedict de Spinoza

Dutch-Jewish philosopher

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Origen

Christian theologian

José de Ribera: Saint Jerome

St. Jerome

Christian scholar

Martin Buber

Martin Buber

German religious philosopher

Philo Judaeus

Philo Judaeus

Jewish philosopher

Emanuel Swedenborg

Emanuel Swedenborg

Swedish philosopher

Jansen, engraving by Jean Morin

Cornelius Otto Jansen

Flemish theologian

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Saʿadia ben Joseph

Jewish exegete and philosopher

St. Ambrose

St. Ambrose

bishop of Milan

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Joachim Of Fiore

Italian theologian

St. John Chrysostom

St. John Chrysostom

archbishop of Constantinople

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Rudolf Bultmann

German theologian

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Hillel

Jewish scholar

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Eusebius of Caesarea

Christian bishop and historian

Rashi, from a French postage stamp.

Rashi

French religious scholar

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Theodoret Of Cyrrhus

Syrian theologian

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Theodore Of Mopsuestia

Syrian theologian

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Alfred Firmin Loisy

French theologian