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four-source hypothesis
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four-source hypothesis

religion
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The four-source hypothesis is a theory regarding the composition of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. This hypothesis suggests that the Pentateuch is a compilation of four distinct literary sources: the Yahwist (J), the Elohist (E), the Priestly code (P), and Deuteronomy (D).12

  • Yahwist (J): Known for its narrative style and use of "YHWH" for God.2
  • Elohist (E): Characterized by its use of "Elohim" for God and a more remote depiction of the divine.23
  • Priestly code (P): Distinguished by its focus on ritual instructions, laws, and genealogical lists.2
  • Deuteronomy (D): Features a hortatory style and emphasizes covenant laws.2

These sources are believed to have been combined and edited over time, with J and E considered the oldest, and D and P more recent. This theory helps explain variations in style, vocabulary, and content within the Pentateuch, offering insight into the development of early religion and biblical literature.21

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4 Britannica Sources
  1. biblical literature - The two- and four-source hypotheses
  2. biblical literature - Other Pentateuchal theories
  3. biblical literature - The documentary hypothesis
  4. Elohist source

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