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Pax Mongolica
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Historical map of the Mongol Empire at the death of Kublai Khan in 1294, showing the empire divided into four main khanates: the Golden Horde in the northwest, the Ilkhanate in the southwest, the Chagatai Khanate in central Asia, and the Yuan Dynasty in the east, covering much of China. Major cities such as Karakorum, Beijing (Khanbaliq), Baghdad, and Constantinople are marked. Genghis Khan Map showing the Silk Road network at its peak between 700 and 900 CE, spanning Eurasia and North Africa. It highlights primary overland trade routes in pink, secondary routes in orange, and sea routes in blue, connecting cities such as Chang'an (Xi'an), Samarkand, Baghdad, Constantinople, Venice, and extending to ports along the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and East Asia. Modern international boundaries are also outlined. Illustration from the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh Victims of the Black Death
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Pax Mongolica: Media

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Mongol empire at the death of Kublai Khan (1294)
During the Pax Mongolica much of Eurasia came under the rule of the Mongol empire...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Genghis Khan
The Pax Mongolica originated in the conquests of Temüjin, better known as Genghis...
Courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei (Open Government Data License, version 1.0)
The Silk Road network
The Silk Road network had linked Eurasia for centuries before the rise of the Mongol...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Refugio Mariscal
Illustration from the Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh
Blending Persian and Chinese artistic traditions, this illustration comes from Rashīd...
Centre for Research Collections/ University of Edinburgh (Or.Ms.20, fol. 124v)
Victims of the Black Death
The interconnected trade routes of the Pax Mongolica helped facilitate the spread...
Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine
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