International Relations, TAS-WES
International relations is the study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies, political parties, and interest groups). It is related to a number of other academic disciplines, including political science, geography, history, economics, law, sociology, psychology, and philosophy.
International Relations Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Tashkent Declaration
Tashkent Declaration, accord signed on January 10, 1966, by Indiaâs Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri (who died......
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
Te Tiriti o Waitangi , (February 6, 1840), historic pact between Great Britain and a number of New Zealand MÄori......
TehrÄn Conference
TehrÄn Conference, (November 28âDecember 1, 1943), meeting between U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British......
Thailand-Cambodia Conflict
The Thailand-Cambodia conflict is a long-running, unresolved border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia that......
The 6 Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy
The Iroquois (Haudenosaunee; âPeople of the Longhouseâ) Confederacy of upper New York state and southeastern Canada......
The Quad
The Quad, informal security grouping comprising four countriesâAustralia, India, Japan, and the United States.......
Tianjin Massacre
Tianjin Massacre, (June 21, 1870), in Tianjin (Tientsin), China, violent outbreak of Chinese xenophobic sentiment......
Tilsit, Treaties of
Treaties of Tilsit, (July 7 [June 25, Old Style] and July 9 [June 27], 1807), agreements that France signed with......
Today in HistoryâApril 29: That Time the Writer of James Bond Was a Real Spy
On this day in 1943, a body was dropped in the ocean near the sleepy shores of Huelva, Spain. But this was no sailor......
Today in HistoryâAugust 12: Zheng Heâs Treasure Fleet Returns
On this day in 1415, the largest wooden ships ever built brought home a remarkable prize for the emperor of imperial......
Today in HistoryâFebruary 15: The Headline That Led America to War
On a pitch-black night in 1898, as the 324-foot American battleship USS Maine lay at anchor in Havana Harbor, Cuba,......
Today in HistoryâJuly 9: The Treaty Celebration That Sent Napoleon Running
On this day in 1807, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte signed the second Treaty of Tilsit with Russia and Prussia......
Today in HistoryâJune 26: The Berlin Airlift Takes Flight
After World War II and the fall of the Third Reichâthe Nazi regime that left scars crisscrossing Europeâno one......
Today in HistoryâMarch 30: Why the U.S. Bought AlaskaâWhen No One Else Wanted It
On this dayâbarely, it was about 4 AM, after an all-nighter negotiating sessionâin 1867, U.S. Secretary of State......
Today in HistoryâNovember 11: The Armistice That Ended World War I
At 11 am on this day in 1918, more than four years of fighting in World War I came to an end. But the official......
Today in HistoryâOctober 12: Nikita Khrushchevâs Shoe Speech
On this day in 1960, one of the most shocking and iconic Cold War moments unfolded when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev......
Tordesillas, Treaty of
Treaty of Tordesillas, (June 7, 1494), agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands......
trade agreement
trade agreement, any contractual arrangement between states concerning their trade relationships. Trade agreements......
Transcontinental Treaty
Transcontinental Treaty, (1819) accord between the United States and Spain that divided their North American claims......
Transparency International
Transparency International (TI), a nonpartisan, nonprofit nongovernmental organization (NGO) founded in Berlin......
treaty
treaty, a binding formal agreement, contract, or other written instrument that establishes obligations between......
Trent Affair
Trent Affair, (1861), incident during the American Civil War involving the doctrine of freedom of the seas, which......
Trianon, Treaty of
Treaty of Trianon, (1920), treaty concluding World War I and signed by representatives of Hungary on one side and......
tributary system
tributary system, model by which China conducted foreign relations from approximately the Han dynasty (206 bceâ220......
Trilateral Commission
Trilateral Commission, organization of private citizens founded in 1973 principally by American banker David Rockefeller......
Triple Alliance
Triple Alliance, secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed in May 1882 and renewed periodically......
Triple Entente
Triple Entente, association between Great Britain, France, and Russia, the nucleus of the Allied Powers in World......
Truman Doctrine
Truman Doctrine, pronouncement by U.S. Pres. Harry S. Truman declaring immediate economic and military aid to the......
Trusteeship Council
Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Nations (UN), designed to supervise the government......
Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (Feb. 14â25, 1956), event notable as the first stage......
Twenty-one Demands
Twenty-one Demands, (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the Japanese government to special privileges in China during......
U-2 Incident
U-2 Incident, (1960), confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that began with the shooting......
U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century
U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century (USCNS/21), U.S. congressional committee established in 1998......
U.S. Exits Paris Climate Agreement
At a ceremony in the White House Rose Garden on June 1, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump declared his intention......
U.S.-Canada relations: A timeline
This history of the relationship between the United States and Canada is perhaps best told in the story of the......
U.S.-Iran Relations: A Timeline
To say that the relationship between the governments of the United States and Iran has been volatile over the last......
Ultra
Ultra, Allied intelligence project that tapped the very highest level of encrypted communications of the German......
UNASUR
UNASUR, South American organization created in 2008 to propel regional integration on issues including democracy,......
unequal treaty
unequal treaty, in Chinese history, any of a series of treaties and agreements in which China was forced to concede......
UNESCO
UNESCO, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that was outlined in a constitution signed November 16, 1945.......
UNICEF
UNICEF, special program of the United Nations (UN) devoted to aiding national efforts to improve the health, nutrition,......
Union, Act of
Act of Union, (May 1, 1707), treaty that effected the union of England and Scotland under the name of Great Britain.......
United Front
United Front, in modern Chinese history, either of two coalitions between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and......
United Nations
United Nations (UN), international organization established on October 24, 1945. The United Nations (UN) was the......
- Introduction
- International, Peacekeeping, Security
- Organs, Security Council, General Assembly
- Global Issues, Reforms, Solutions
- Subsidiary Organs
- Peacekeeping, Diplomacy, Development
- Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, Peacebuilding
- Arms Control, Disarmament, Peace
- Economic Welfare, Cooperation, Global Issues
- Social Welfare, Cooperation, Global Issues
- Human Rights, Global Peace, International Law
- Climate Change, Pollution, Sustainability
- Global Peace, Security, Cooperation
- Secretaries General
United Nations Capital Development Fund
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), United Nations (UN) organization established by the General Assembly......
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June......
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, the first United Nations (UN) conference that focused on international......
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), permanent organ of the United Nations (UN) General......
United Nations Decade for Women
United Nations Decade for Women, United Nations program that began on January 1, 1976, the goal of which was the......
United Nations Development Fund for Women
United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), organization that offers financial and technical support to......
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations (UN) organization formed in 1965 to help countries......
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), organization established in 1972 to guide and coordinate environmental......
United Nations Foundation
United Nations Foundation, public charity created in 1998 to assist the United Nations (UN) and its humanitarian......
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Office of the
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), department of the United Nations (UN)......
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Office of the
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), organization established as the successor......
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), international UN development agency, based in Vienna,......
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), United Nations organization established in 1965 to......
United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency
United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency (UNKRA), economic-rehabilitation program (1950â58) established to aid......
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC), successor commission to the United......
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), agency of the United Nations (UN) Secretariat......
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, international armed forces first used in 1948 to observe cease-fires in Kashmir......
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), administrative body (1943â47) for an extensive......
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), subsidiary agency created......
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), autonomous United Nations body established in......
United Nations Resolution 1701
United Nations Resolution 1701, resolution passed by the United Nations (UN) Security Council on August 11, 2006,......
United Nations Resolution 181
United Nations Resolution 181, resolution passed by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in 1947 that called......
United Nations Resolution 242
United Nations Resolution 242, resolution of the United Nations (UN) Security Council adopted on November 22, 1967,......
United Nations Resolution 338
United Nations Resolution 338, resolution of the United Nations (UN) Security Council that called for an end to......
United Nations, flag of the
In April 1945, near the end of World War II, 50 Allied nations gathered in San Francisco. The lapel button worn......
United States presidential election of 1944
United States presidential election of 1944, American presidential election held on November 7, 1944, in which......
Universal Copyright Convention
Universal Copyright Convention, (1952), convention adopted at Geneva by an international conference convened under......
Universal Postal Union
Universal Postal Union (UPU), specialized agency of the United Nations that aims to organize and improve postal......
UNOSOM
UNOSOM, either of two United Nations (UN) peacekeeping and humanitarian missionsâUNOSOM I (1992â93) and UNOSOM......
UNSCOM
UNSCOM (United Nations Special Commission), United Nations inspection agency established in April 1991 in the wake......
Utrecht, treaties of
treaties of Utrecht, (April 1713âSeptember 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers......
Velvet Divorce
Velvet Divorce, division in 1992 of the former Soviet satellite state of Czechoslovakia into the separate countries......
Venice, Treaty of
Treaty of Venice, treaty (1201) negotiated between crusaders in the Fourth Crusade and Enrico Dandolo of Venice......
Verdun, Treaty of
Treaty of Verdun, (August 843), treaty partitioning the Carolingian empire among the three surviving sons of the......
Vereeniging, Peace of
Peace of Vereeniging, (May 31, 1902), treaty that ended the South African War (q.v.), or Boer War; it was signed......
Versailles, Treaty of
Treaty of Versailles, peace document signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and associated powers and by......
viceroy
viceroy, one who rules a country or province as the representative of his sovereign or king and who is empowered......
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, an international agreement governing treaties between states that was......
Vienna, Congress of
Congress of Vienna, assembly in 1814â15 that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. It began in September......
Villafranca, Conference of
Conference of Villafranca, meeting between French emperor Napoleon III and Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria......
Vilnius dispute
Vilnius dispute, post-World War I conflict between Poland and Lithuania over possession of the city of Vilnius......
Virginius affair
Virginius affair, (1873), seizure of the Cuban ship Virginius (fraudulently flying the U.S. flag and carrying U.S.......
Vrijji
Vrijji, confederacy of the Licchavis and neighboring peoples in Bihar, India, that existed from the 6th century......
VÀrÀlÀ, Treaty of
Treaty of VÀrÀlÀ, (1790), settlement ending the Russo-Swedish War begun by Sweden (with British diplomatic support)......
Wadgaon, Convention of
Convention of Wadgaon, (Jan. 13, 1779), compact concluded after the First Maratha War in India (1775â82), marking......
Walking Purchase
Walking Purchase, (Aug. 25, 1737), land swindle perpetrated by Pennsylvania authorities on the Delaware Indians,......
war
war, in the popular sense, a conflict between political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and......
war on terrorism
war on terrorism, term used to describe the American-led global counterterrorism campaign launched in response......
War Resistersâ International
War Resistersâ International (WRI), an international secular pacifist organization with headquarters in London......
Warsaw Pact
Warsaw Pact, (May 14, 1955âJuly 1, 1991) treaty establishing a mutual-defense organization (Warsaw Treaty Organization)......
Was Coco Chanel a Nazi Spy?
Historians generally agree that Coco Chanel had ties to Nazi officials and tried to benefit from Nazi policies,......
Water Witch incident
Water Witch incident, (1855), brief military skirmish near the Paraguayan Ft. ItapirĂș, involving the USS âWater......
We Damn Your Memory! The Confederate Statue Controversy
In choosing to remove monuments honoring figures now viewed as objectionable, contemporary Americans are in a world-historical......
WebsterâAshburton Treaty
WebsterâAshburton Treaty, (1842), treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain establishing the northeastern boundary......
Wehlau, Treaty of
Treaty of Wehlau, (Sept. 19, 1657), agreement in which John Casimir, king of Poland from 1648 to 1668, renounced......
West Florida Controversy
West Florida Controversy, in U.S. history, dispute over the status of the territory lying on the Gulf of Mexico......