Industry, HYD-MAG
Industry, a group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of income. In economics, industries are customarily classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary; secondary industries are further classified as heavy and light.
Industry Encyclopedia Articles By Title
hydrothermal mineral deposit
hydrothermal mineral deposit, any concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids from......
Hyundai Group
Hyundai Group is a large family-run business group (chaebol) in South Korea. It was founded in 1947 as a construction......
ice core
ice core, long cylinder of glacial ice recovered by drilling through glaciers in Greenland, Antarctica, and high......
ignition system
ignition system, in a gasoline engine, means employed for producing an electric spark to ignite the fuelâair mixture;......
ilmenite
ilmenite, iron-black, heavy, metallic oxide mineral, composed of iron and titanium oxide (FeTiO3), that is used......
impact test
impact test, Test of the ability of a material to withstand impact, used by engineers to predict its behaviour......
indigo
indigo, an important and valuable vat dyestuff, obtained until about 1900 entirely from plants of the genera Indigofera......
indium
indium (In), chemical element, rare metal of main Group 13 (IIIa, or boron group) of the periodic table. Indium......
induction heating
induction heating, method of raising the temperature of an electrically conductive material by subjecting it to......
industrial ceramics
industrial ceramics, Ceramics are broadly defined as inorganic, nonmetallic materials that exhibit such useful......
Industrial design
Industrial design, the design of mass-produced consumer products. Industrial designers, often trained as architects......
industrial glass
industrial glass, solid material that is normally lustrous and transparent in appearance and that shows great durability......
industrial polymers, chemistry of
chemistry of industrial polymers, structure and composition of chemical compounds made up of long, chainlike molecules.......
industrial polymers, major
major industrial polymers, chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials. In the......
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution, in modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one......
industrial truck
industrial truck, carrier designed to transport materials within a factory area with maximum flexibility in making......
industry
industry, group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of......
ingot
ingot, mass of metal cast into a size and shape such as a bar, plate, or sheet convenient to store, transport,......
ingrain dye
ingrain dye, any of a group of azo dyes that are produced within the fibre from chemical precursors and attach......
injector
injector, a device for injecting liquid fuel into an internal-combustion engine. The term is also used to describe......
inside contracting
inside contracting, system of manufacturing intermediate between the putting-out system and full factory production.......
Intaglio
Intaglio, in visual arts, one of the four major classes of printmaking techniques, distinguished from the other......
interchangeable parts
interchangeable parts, identical components that can be substituted one for another, particularly important in......
internal-combustion engine
internal-combustion engine, any of a group of devices in which the reactants of combustion (oxidizer and fuel)......
Internet service provider
Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations.......
Invar
Invar, alloy of iron that expands very little when heated; it contains 64 percent iron and 36 percent nickel. Invar......
investment casting
investment casting, precision-casting technique for forming metal shapes. A typical process for bronze castings......
iridium
iridium (Ir), chemical element, one of the platinum metals of Groups 8â10 (VIIIb), Periods 5 and 6, of the periodic......
iron
iron (Fe), chemical element, metal of Group 8 (VIIIb) of the periodic table, the most-used and cheapest metal.......
iron processing
iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included......
Irving, Kenneth Colin
Kenneth Colin Irving was a Canadian industrialist whose vast business empire dominated the province of New Brunswick,......
Isherwood, B F
...
italic
italic, in printing, a sloping, light-bodied, compact, and almost cursive letter form, which, with roman and black......
jack
jack, in practical mechanics, portable hand-operated device for raising heavy weights through short distances,......
Jacquard loom
Jacquard loom, in weaving, device incorporated in special looms to control individual warp yarns. It enabled looms......
Jamdani
Jamdani, type of figured muslin characterized by an intricate, elaborate design that constitutes one of the greatest......
Japanese Trade Union Confederation
Japanese Trade Union Confederation (RengĆ), largest national trade union in Japan. The federation was founded in......
Jena glass
Jena glass, fine-quality glass with improved resistance to heat and shock, suited for chemical ware. It was developed......
jet
jet, a dense, fine-grained, compact variety of subbituminous coal, or lignite. It is coal-black in colour and has......
jet engine
jet engine, any of a class of internal-combustion engines that propel aircraft by means of the rearward discharge......
jib
jib, in sailing ships, triangular sail rigged to a stay extending from the foremast, or foretopmast, to the bowsprit......
Jouffroy dâAbbans, Claude-François-DorothĂ©e, marquis de
Claude-François-DorothĂ©e, marquis de Jouffroy dâAbbans was a French engineer and inventor who in 1783 traveled......
Kaiser, Henry J.
Henry J. Kaiser was an American industrialist and founder of more than 100 companies including Kaiser Aluminum,......
karat
karat, a measure of the fineness (i.e., purity) of gold. It is spelled carat outside the United States but should......
Keely, John E.W.
John E.W. Keely was a fraudulent American inventor. Keely was orphaned in early childhood. He is said to have been......
kermes
kermes, (Kermes ilicis), a species of scale insect in the family Kermesidae (order Homoptera), the common name......
kerogen
kerogen, complex waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is the primary organic component of oil shale. Kerogen......
kerosene
kerosene, flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel. Kerosene is typically pale yellow or colourless......
Kesi
Kesi, Chinese silk tapestry woven in a pictorial design. The designation kesi, which means âcut silk,â derives......
Keystone pipeline
Keystone pipeline, petroleum pipeline that stretches 2,687 miles (4,324 km) across Canada and parts of the continental......
khaki
khaki, light brown fabric used primarily for military uniforms. It is made with cotton, wool, or combinations of......
kiln
kiln, oven for firing, drying, baking, hardening, or burning a substance, particularly clay products but originally......
Kimkhwab
Kimkhwab, Indian brocade woven of silk and gold or silver thread. The word kimkhwÄb, derived from the Persian,......
knitting
knitting, production of fabric by employing a continuous yarn or set of yarns to form a series of interlocking......
knocking
knocking, in an internal-combustion engine, sharp sounds caused by premature combustion of part of the compressed......
Knoop hardness
Knoop hardness, a measure of the hardness of a material, calculated by measuring the indentation produced by a......
knot
knot, in cording, the interlacement of parts of one or more ropes, cords, or other pliable materials, commonly......
kraft process
kraft process, (from German kraft, âstrongâ), chemical method for the production of wood pulp that employs a solution......
Krupp AG
Krupp AG, former German corporation that was one of the worldâs principal steelmakers and arms manufacturers until......
Kurchatov, Igor Vasilyevich
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov was a Soviet nuclear physicist who guided the development of his countryâs first atomic......
lace
lace, ornamental, openwork fabric formed by looping, interlacing, braiding (plaiting), or twisting threads. The......
lacemaking
lacemaking, Methods of producing lace. The popularity of handmade laces led to the invention of lacemaking machines......
Lacq
Lacq, village, centre of an industrial complex in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département, Nouvelle Aquitaine région,......
lamination
lamination, in technology, the process of building up successive layers of a substance, such as wood or textiles,......
Lanthanide
Lanthanide, any of the series of 15 consecutive chemical elements in the periodic table from lanthanum to lutetium......
Lasso
Lasso, a rope 60 to 100 feet (18 to 30 metres) in length with a slip noose at one end, used in the Spanish and......
lateen sail
lateen sail, triangular sail that was of decisive importance to medieval navigation. The ancient square sail permitted......
lateral secretion
lateral secretion, geological process by which ore minerals dissolved from wall rocks by percolating waters are......
laterite
laterite, soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly......
Lath
Lath, any material fastened to the structural members of a building to provide a base for plaster. Lath can be......
lathe
lathe, machine tool that performs turning operations in which unwanted material is removed from a workpiece rotated......
lead
lead (Pb), a soft, silvery white or grayish metal in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table. Lead is very malleable,......
lead processing
lead processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Lead (Pb) is one of the oldest metals known,......
LeBow, Bennett S.
Bennett S. LeBow is an American businessman who became the first tobacco executive to publicly admit to the dangers......
Lee Kun-Hee
Lee Kun-Hee was a South Korean businessman who was chairman (1987â2008; 2010â20) of the conglomerate Samsung Group......
Lenin
Lenin, worldâs first nuclear-powered surface ship, a large icebreaker built by the Soviet Union in Leningrad (St.......
letterpress printing
letterpress printing, in commercial printing, process by which many copies of an image are produced by repeated......
lignite
lignite, generally yellow to dark brown or rarely black coal that formed from peat at shallow depths and temperatures......
limonite
limonite, one of the major iron minerals, hydrated ferric oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O). It was originally considered one......
linear motor
linear motor, power source providing electric traction in a straight line, rather than rotary, as in a conventional......
Linen
Linen, Fibre, yarn, and fabric made from the flax plant. Flax is one of the oldest textile fibres used by humans;......
Linocut
Linocut, type of print made from a sheet of linoleum into which a design has been cut in relief. This process of......
linoleum
linoleum, smooth-surfaced floor covering made from a mixture of oxidized linseed oil, gums and resins, and other......
liquation
liquation, technique for separating constituents of an ore, a metal, or an alloy by partial melting. When the material......
liquefied natural gas
liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied for ease of storing and transporting.......
lithium
lithium (Li), chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) in the periodic table, the alkali metal group, lightest of the solid......
Lithography
Lithography, planographic printing process that makes use of the immiscibility of grease and water. In the lithographic......
litmus
litmus, mixture of coloured organic compounds obtained from several species of lichens that grow in the Netherlands,......
Lloydâs Register of Shipping
Lloydâs Register of Shipping, worldâs first and largest ship-classification society, begun in 1760 as a registry......
loom
loom, machine for weaving cloth. The earliest looms date from the 5th millennium bc and consisted of bars or beams......
Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum, placeholder or dummy text used in typesetting and graphic design for previewing layouts. It features......
Lost-wax process
Lost-wax process, method of metal casting in which a molten metal is poured into a mold that has been created by......
Louis Pasteurâs Contributions to Science
Many people know Louis Pasteur for the process that bears his nameâpasteurization. However, Pasteur made several......
Lucite
Lucite, trademark name of polymethyl methacrylate, a synthetic organic compound of high molecular weight made by......
Luddite
Luddite, member of the organized bands of 19th-century English handicraftsmen who rioted for the destruction of......
maceral
maceral, any of the numerous microscopically recognizable, individual organic constituents of coal with characteristic......
machine
machine, device, having a unique purpose, that augments or replaces human or animal effort for the accomplishment......
magnesium
magnesium (Mg), chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table, and......
magnesium processing
magnesium processing, preparation of magnesium ore for use in various products. Magnesium (Mg) is a silvery white......
magnetic ceramics
magnetic ceramics, oxide materials that exhibit a certain type of permanent magnetization called ferrimagnetism.......