Human Rights, ROS-THO
These are the rights that youâre entitled to simply for being human. The term âhuman rightsâ is relatively new, but the concept of human rights had its origins in ancient Greece and Rome. Although the principle of human rights has gained widespread acceptance over the centuries, there has been disagreement over the nature and scope of such rights and their definition. Still, the reality of popular demands for human rights in the early 21st century is undeniable, and a deepening and widening concern for the promotion and protection of human rights on all fronts is now woven into the fabric of contemporary world affairs.
Human Rights Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Rose, Ernestine
Ernestine Rose was a Polish-born American reformer and suffragist, an active figure in the 19th-century womenâs......
Roundtree, Dovey Johnson
Dovey Johnson Roundtree was an American lawyer, civil rights activist, military officer, minister, and an important......
Roy, Aruna
Aruna Roy is an Indian social activist chiefly known for her initiatives to fight corruption and promote government......
Rubin, Jerry
Jerry Rubin was an American political activist turned businessman who gained his widest renown from the anti-Vietnam......
Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin was an American community leader who was active in the womenâs rights movement and......
Russell (of Kingston Russell), John Russell, 1st Earl, Viscount Amberley of Amberley and of Ardsalla
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell was the prime minister of Great Britain (1846â52, 1865â66), an aristocratic liberal......
Rustin, Bayard
Bayard Rustin was an American civil rights activist who was an adviser to Martin Luther King, Jr., and who was......
Rutledge, Wiley B., Jr.
Wiley B. Rutledge, Jr. was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1943â49). Rutledge taught high......
Sahlins, Marshall
Marshall Sahlins was an American anthropologist, educator, activist, and author who through his study of the people......
Sainte-Marie, Buffy
Buffy Sainte-Marie is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, political activist, and visual artist known especially......
Sakharov, Andrey
Andrey Sakharov was a Soviet nuclear theoretical physicist, an outspoken advocate of human rights, civil liberties,......
Sanchez, Sonia
Sonia Sanchez is an American poet, playwright, and educator who was noted for her Black activism. Driver lost her......
Sands, Bobby
Bobby Sands was an officer of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) who rose to international prominence in 1981 when......
Sangay, Lobsang
Lobsang Sangay is a Tibetan scholar and political leader who became prime minister in the Tibetan Central Administration,......
Sanger, Margaret
Margaret Sanger was the founder of the birth control movement in the United States and an international leader......
Sarabhai, Mallika
Mallika Sarabhai is an Indian classical dancer and choreographer, actress, writer, and social activist known for......
Saro-Wiwa, Ken
Ken Saro-Wiwa was a Nigerian writer and activist, who spoke out forcefully against the Nigerian military regime......
Sarria, José
José Sarria was a Latino American drag performer and political activist who was the first openly gay person to......
Satyarthi, Kailash
Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian social reformer who campaigned against child labor in India and elsewhere and advocated......
Savage, Dan
Dan Savage is an American writer who rose to prominence in the 1990s via his frank and ribald syndicated sex-advice......
Savio, Mario
Mario Savio was a U.S. educator and student free-speech activist who reached prominence as spokesman for the 1960s......
Schlafly, Phyllis
Phyllis Schlafly was an American writer and political activist who was best known for her opposition to the womenâs......
Schneemann, Carolee
Carolee Schneemann was an American multimedia artist whose feminist artworks dealt with identity and gender politics......
Schreiner, William Philip
William Philip Schreiner was a Southern African politician who was prime minister of Cape Colony at the outbreak......
Schroeder, Patricia
Patricia Schroeder was a U.S. politician who was the first woman elected to Congress from Colorado, serving in......
Schwabacher, Ethel
Ethel Schwabacher was an American artist associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement. Though not as well-known......
Schwimmer, Rosika
Rosika Schwimmer was a Hungarian-born feminist and pacifist whose national and international activism brought her......
Scott, Joan Wallach
Joan Wallach Scott is an American historian, best known for her pioneering contributions to the study of French......
Scottsboro case
Scottsboro case, major U.S. civil rights controversy of the 1930s surrounding the prosecution in Scottsboro, Alabama,......
Seale, Bobby
Bobby Seale is an American political activist who founded, along with Huey P. Newton, the Black Panther Party;......
second wave of feminism
second wave of feminism, the period of the womenâs movement in the United States that emerged in the 1960s and......
Selma March
Selma March, political march from Selma, Alabama, to the stateâs capital, Montgomery, that occurred March 21â25,......
Selma March Timeline
This infographic presents a timeline and maps concerning the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama,......
Severance, Caroline Maria Seymour
Caroline Maria Seymour Severance was an American reformer and clubwoman who was especially active in woman suffrage......
Sewall, May Eliza Wright
May Eliza Wright Sewall was an American educator and reformer, best remembered for her work in connection with......
Shabazz, Betty
Betty Shabazz was an American educator and civil rights activist who is perhaps best known as the wife of slain......
Shadd, Mary Ann
Mary Ann Shadd was an American educator, publisher, and abolitionist who was the first Black female newspaper publisher......
Shamash
Shamash, in Mesopotamian religion, the god of the sun, who, with the moon god, Sin (Sumerian: Nanna), and Ishtar......
Sharawi, Huda
Huda Sharawi was an Egyptian feminist and nationalist who established numerous organizations dedicated to womenâs......
Sharpeville massacre
Sharpeville massacre, incident on March 21, 1960, in the Black township of Sharpeville, near Vereeniging, South......
Sharpton, Al
Al Sharpton is an American civil rights activist, politician, and minister who founded the National Action Network......
Shaw, Anna Howard
Anna Howard Shaw was an American minister, lecturer, and, with Susan B. Anthony, one of the chief leaders of the......
Shcharansky, Anatoly
Anatoly Shcharansky is a Soviet dissident, a human-rights advocate who was imprisoned (1977â86) by the Soviet government......
Sheehan, Cindy
Cindy Sheehan is an American peace activist whose public opposition to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan began after......
Shepard, Matthew
Matthew Shepard was an American college student who was severely beaten because of his sexual orientation and was......
Sheppard, Kate
Kate Sheppard was an English-born activist, who was a leader in the woman suffrage movement in New Zealand. She......
Shriver, Eunice Kennedy
Eunice Kennedy Shriver was an American social activist who worked tirelessly to improve the lives of the intellectually......
Shuttlesworth, Fred
Fred Shuttlesworth was an American minister and civil rights activist who established, with Martin Luther King,......
Silkwood, Karen
Karen Silkwood was an American laboratory technician and activist who attempted to expose the safety violations......
Simms, Ruth Hanna McCormick
Ruth Hanna McCormick Simms was an American public official, an activist on behalf of woman suffrage, and a Republican......
Sinclair, May
May Sinclair was an English writer and suffragist known for her innovations in the development of the psychological......
Sipuel v. Board of Regents
Sipuel v. Board of Regents, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 12, 1948, ruled unanimously (9â0) to......
sit-in movement
sit-in movement, nonviolent movement of the U.S. civil rights era that began in Greensboro, North Carolina, in......
Social Cancer, The
The Social Cancer, novel by Filipino political activist and author José Rizal, published in 1887. The book, written......
Social justice
Social justice, in contemporary politics, social science, and political philosophy, the fair treatment and equitable......
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), nonsectarian American agency with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia,......
Southern Poverty Law Center
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a nonprofit organization based in Montgomery, Alabama, that is committed......
Southern Student Organizing Committee
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC), organization of students from predominantly white colleges and universities......
Spence, Catherine Helen
Catherine Helen Spence, was a writer and activist who sought to improve educational and welfare programs in Australia......
Spencer v. Kugler
Spencer v. Kugler, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 17, 1972, summarily (without argument......
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is an Indian literary theorist, feminist critic, postcolonial theorist, and professor......
standpoint theory
standpoint theory, a feminist theoretical perspective that argues that knowledge stems from social position. The......
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American leader in the womenâs rights movement who in 1848 formulated the first concerted......
Steele, Michael
Michael Steele is an American politician, the first African American to serve as chairman of the Republican National......
Stein, Jill
Jill Stein is a former practicing physician and an environmental activist who has run as the candidate of the Green......
Stein, Karl, Reichsfreiherr vom und zum
Karl, Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein was a Rhinelander-born Prussian statesman, chief minister of Prussia (1807â08),......
Steinem, Gloria
Gloria Steinem was an American feminist, political activist, and editor who was an articulate advocate of the womenâs......
Stevenson, Bryan
Bryan Stevenson is an American lawyer, professor, author, and activist who works to bring legal representation......
Stewart, Ella Winter
Ella Winter Stewart was an Australian-born journalist who devoted her life to radical causes, to the peace movement,......
Stewart, Potter
Potter Stewart was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1958â81). Stewart was admitted to the......
Steyer, Tom
Tom Steyer is an American business executive and philanthropist who founded (1986) Farallon Capital Management......
Stobart, Mabel St. Clair
Mabel St. Clair Stobart was an English medical relief worker, feminist, and author. Stobart founded the Womenâs......
Stone, Harlan Fiske
Harlan Fiske Stone was an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1925â41) and the 12th chief justice of the......
Stone, Lucy
Lucy Stone was an American pioneer in the womenâs rights movement. Stone began to chafe at the restrictions placed......
Stonewall riots
Stonewall riots, series of violent confrontations that began in the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police......
Stop AAPI Hate
Stop AAPI Hate, nonprofit organization that works to protect the civil and human rights of Asian Americans and......
Strasser, Otto
Otto Strasser was a German political activist who, with his brother Gregor, occupied a leading position in the......
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), American political organization that played a central role in......
Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), American student organization that flourished in the mid-to-late 1960s......
suffrage
suffrage, in representative government, the right to vote in electing public officials and adopting or rejecting......
Summerskill, Edith
Edith Summerskill was a British politician and physician who was one of the longest serving female MPs. Following......
Sutherland, George
George Sutherland was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1922â38). Sutherlandâs family immigrated......
Suzman, Helen
Helen Suzman was a white South African legislator (1953â89), who was an outspoken advocate for the countryâs nonwhite......
Suzuki Bunji
Suzuki Bunji was a Japanese Christian who was one of the primary organizers of the labour movement in Japan. An......
Suzuki, David
David Suzuki is a Canadian scientist, television personality, author, and environmental activist who is known for......
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, case in which, on April 20, 1971, the Supreme Court of the United......
Såenz Peña, Roque
Roque Såenz Peña was the president of Argentina from 1910 until his death. He was an aristocratic conservative......
Takahashi Hisako
Takahashi Hisako was a Japanese economist and government official who became the first female member of the Supreme......
Takei, George
George Takei is an American actor, writer, and activist best known for playing the part of Lieutenant Sulu in the......
Tan Cheng Lock
Tan Cheng Lock was a Malaysian Chinese community leader, politician, and businessman. Born into a wealthy Straits......
Tara Singh
Tara Singh was a Sikh leader known chiefly for his advocacy of an autonomous Punjabi-speaking Sikh nation in the......
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
Te Tiriti o Waitangi , (February 6, 1840), historic pact between Great Britain and a number of New Zealand MÄori......
Tendulkar on Gandhi
Dinanath Gopal Tendulkar first published his eight-volume biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma, in......
Terrell, Mary Eliza Church
Mary Eliza Church Terrell was an American social activist who was cofounder and first president of the National......
The Mirabal Sisters
The Mirabal sisters (also known as âLas Mariposasâ) were Dominican revolutionaries and activists. Three of them,......
the personal is political
the personal is political, political slogan expressing a common belief among feminists that the personal experiences......
Themis
Themis, in Greek religion, personification of justice, goddess of wisdom and good counsel, and the interpreter......
third wave of feminism
third wave of feminism, wave of feminism that emerged in the 1990s and was led by members of Generation X, the......
Thomas, M. Carey
M. Carey Thomas was an American educator and feminist and the second president (1894â1922) of Bryn Mawr College......
Thompson, E.P.
E.P. Thompson was a British social historian and political activist. His The Making of the English Working Class......