Conditions & Diseases, MAN-NEW
Whether we like it or not, living things are susceptible to any number of illnesses and conditions that can threaten or harm the health of those afflicted. Bacteria, viruses, and other microbiological agents are obvious challenges to health. Human disease may be acute, chronic, malignant, or benign, and it is usually indicated by signs and symptoms such as fever or vomiting. Additionally, diseases may be communicable (contagious) or noncommunicable; of the latter, the four major types identified by the World Health Organization are cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus.
Conditions & Diseases Encyclopedia Articles By Title
mania
mania, in psychiatric terminology, any abnormal or unusual state of excitement, as in the manic phase of bipolar...
maple syrup urine disease
maple syrup urine disease, inherited metabolic disorder involving leucine, isoleucine, and valine (a group of branch......
marasmus
marasmus, a form of protein-energy malnutrition occurring chiefly from inadequate intake of both protein and calories.......
marble bone disease
marble bone disease, rare disorder in which the bones become extremely dense, hard, and brittle. The disease progresses......
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome, rare genetic connective tissue disorder that affects most notably the skeleton, heart, and eyes.......
Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, uncommon hereditary metabolic disease characterized by dwarfism, hearing loss, and progressive......
masochism
masochism, a habit or practice of deriving sexual gratification from the infliction of pain or suffering on oneself.......
mastitis
mastitis, inflammation of the breast in women or of the udder in sheep, swine, and cattle. Acute mastitis in women......
mastoiditis
mastoiditis, inflammation of the mastoid process, a projection of the temporal bone just behind the ear. Mastoiditis,......
McArdle disease
McArdle disease, rare hereditary deficiency of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase in muscle cells. In the absence......
Measles
Measles, contagious viral disease marked by fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic rash. Measles is......
media dependency
The term media dependency refers to the setting of engagement responses among individuals and a particular medium......
mediastinal emphysema
mediastinal emphysema, pocket of air surrounding the heart and central blood vessels contained within the mediastinum......
mediastinitis
mediastinitis, inflammation of the tissue around the heart, aortic artery, and entrance (hilum) to the lungs, located......
medicinal poisoning
medicinal poisoning, harmful effects on health of certain therapeutic drugs, resulting either from overdose or......
medullary thyroid carcinoma
medullary thyroid carcinoma, tumour of the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland. It occurs both......
melancholia
melancholia, formerly the psychological condition known as depression. The term now refers to extreme features......
melanoma
melanoma, a spreading and frequently recurring cancer of melanocytes, specialized skin cells that produce the protective......
melioidosis
melioidosis, a bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei).......
melorheostosis
melorheostosis, rare disorder of unknown cause in which cortical bone overgrowth occurs along the main axis of......
memory disorder
memory disorder, any of various conditions, including certain diseases, that affect the ability to remember. Disorders......
meningitis
meningitis, inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused......
mental disorder
mental disorder, any illness with significant psychological or behavioral manifestations that is associated with......
- Introduction
- Anxiety, Depression, PTSD
- Genetics, Environment, Stress
- Personality Development, Trauma, Genetics
- Behavioral Etiology
- Schizophrenia, Symptoms, Treatment
- Mood Disorders, Symptoms, Treatment
- Anxiety, Panic, Phobias
- Dissociation, Amnesia, Identity
- Borderline, Symptoms, Treatment
- Eating Disorders, Anorexia, Bulimia
- Therapy, Medication, Support
- Psychotherapy, Treatment, Causes
- Deinstitutionalization, Treatment, Causes
- Antipsychotics, Treatment, Medication
- Psychotherapy, Treatment, Recovery
- Behavioral Psychotherapy
- Group Psychotherapy
mercury poisoning
mercury poisoning, harmful effects of various mercury compounds on body tissues and functions. Certain modern industrial......
Merrick, Joseph
Joseph Merrick was a disfigured man who, after a brief career as a professional “freak,” became a patient of London......
MERS
MERS, acute viral respiratory illness that is characterized primarily by cough, fever, and shortness of breath......
metabolic bone disease
metabolic bone disease, any of several diseases that cause various abnormalities or deformities of bone. Examples......
metabolic disease
metabolic disease, any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism, the process of converting food......
metabolic syndrome
metabolic syndrome, syndrome characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities associated with an increased......
metachromatic leukodystrophy
metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), rare inherited metabolic disease in which the lack of a key enzyme causes loss......
metastasis
metastasis, migration and spread of cancerous cells from a tumour to distant sites in the body, resulting in the......
metatarsalgia
metatarsalgia, persistent pain in the metatarsal region, or ball, of the foot. The condition arises when the weight......
methemoglobinemia
methemoglobinemia, decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells (erythrocytes) due to the presence......
microcephaly
microcephaly, congenital condition in which an infant’s head is smaller than the typical size for its age and sex.......
midget
midget, in human anatomy, a person of very small stature whose bodily proportions, intelligence, and sexual development......
migraine
migraine, condition characterized by painful recurring headaches, sometimes with nausea and vomiting. Migraine......
Milano Cortina 2026 Paralympic Winter Games
Milano Cortina 2026 Paralympic Winter Games, international sports competition for athletes with disabilities that......
miliaria
miliaria, an inflammatory disorder of human skin, characterized by multiple small lesions at the site of sweat......
milk leg
milk leg, inflammation of the femoral vein, the principal vein of the thigh, with formation of a clot that blocks......
Minamata disease
Minamata disease, Disease first identified in 1956 in Minamata, Japan. A fishing port, Minamata was also the home......
miscarriage
miscarriage, spontaneous expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus before the 20th week of pregnancy, prior......
mitochondrial disease
mitochondrial disease, any of several hundred hereditary conditions that result from a functional failure of the......
mitral insufficiency
mitral insufficiency, inability of the mitral valve to prevent the flow of blood back from the left ventricle,......
mitral stenosis
mitral stenosis, narrowing of the mitral valve, the function of which is to permit blood to flow from the atrium,......
mononucleosis
mononucleosis, infection in humans, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), whose most common symptoms are fever,......
Monster
Monster, in biology, an embryo, a newborn animal, or young plant that is grossly deformed. The defects may be genetic......
moral panic
moral panic, phrase used in sociology to describe an artificially created panic or scare. Researchers, often influenced......
Morel, Benedict Augustin
Benedict Augustin Morel was an Austrian-born French psychologist who introduced the term dementia praecox to refer......
Morquio syndrome
Morquio syndrome, rare hereditary disorder of intracartilaginous bone development that results in severe malformation......
motion sickness
motion sickness, sickness induced by motion and characterized by nausea. The term motion sickness was proposed......
mpox
mpox, viral disease of animals, particularly certain rodents and primates, including monkeys and humans, that causes......
MRSA
MRSA, bacterium in the genus Staphylococcus that is characterized by its resistance to the antibiotic methicillin......
multiple endocrine neoplasia
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), any of a group of rare hereditary disorders in which tumours occur in multiple......
multiple myeloma
multiple myeloma, malignant proliferation of cells within the bone marrow that usually occurs during middle age......
multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis (MS), progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by destruction......
mumps
mumps , acute contagious disease caused by a virus and characterized by inflammatory swelling of the salivary glands.......
muscle disease
muscle disease, any of the diseases and disorders that affect the human muscle system. Diseases and disorders that......
muscle tumour
muscle tumour, abnormal tissue growth located in or originating from muscle tissue. Tumours may either arise in......
muscular dystrophy
muscular dystrophy, any of a group of hereditary conditions that are characterized by progressive weakness and......
Mushroom poisoning
Mushroom poisoning, toxic, sometimes fatal, effect of eating poisonous mushrooms (toadstools). There are some 70......
myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), complex condition characterized by persistent debilitating......
myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis, chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and chronic fatigue that is caused......
mycetoma
mycetoma, fungal infection, usually localized in the foot but occurring occasionally elsewhere on the body, apparently......
mycosis
mycosis, in humans and other animals, an infection caused by any fungus that invades the tissues, causing superficial,......
mycotoxin
mycotoxin, naturally occurring metabolite produced by certain microfungi (i.e., molds) that is toxic to humans......
myiasis
myiasis, infestation of the body of humans and other animals with the larvae (maggots) of certain species of flies.......
myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction, death of a section of the heart muscle, caused by an interruption of blood flow to the area.......
myocarditis
myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, or myocardium. Myocarditis is caused by a variety of infectious......
myopathy
myopathy, any skeletal muscle disorder that directly affects the muscle fibres and does not arise secondarily from......
myopia
myopia, visual abnormality in which the resting eye focuses the image of a distant object at a point in front of......
myositis
myositis, inflammation, and frequently infection, of muscle tissue; it may be caused by any of a number of bacteria,......
myositis ossificans
myositis ossificans, disorder of unknown cause in which connective tissue and muscle are replaced by bone. In the......
myotonia
myotonia, any of several muscular disorders characterized by difficulty in relaxing voluntary muscles after contraction.......
myxedema
myxedema, physiological reaction to lack of sufficient thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) in the adult. It can be......
myxomatosis
myxomatosis, a highly fatal infectious viral disease of rabbits. It is characterized by fever, swelling of the......
Ménière disease
Ménière disease, recurrent and generally progressive group of symptoms that include loss of hearing, ringing in......
nagana
nagana, a form of the disease trypanosomiasis (q.v.), occurring chiefly in cattle and horses and caused by several......
nail-patella syndrome
nail-patella syndrome, rare hereditary (autosomal dominant) disorder characterized by small fingernails and toenails......
narcissism
narcissism, pathological self-absorption, first identified as a mental disorder by the British essayist and physician......
narcolepsy
narcolepsy, long-term neurological condition in which the brain struggles to properly control the boundaries between......
nasal polyp
nasal polyp, lump of tissue that protrudes into the nasal cavity and sometimes obstructs it. Polyps can form as......
nasal tumour
nasal tumour, abnormal growth in the nose. Tumours may be malignant or may remain localized and nonrecurrent. The......
nausea
nausea, (from Greek nausia, “seasickness”), feeling of discomfort in the pit of the stomach that is associated......
necrosis
necrosis, death of a circumscribed area of plant or animal tissue as a result of disease or injury. Necrosis is......
necrotizing fasciitis
necrotizing fasciitis, rapidly spreading infection of the underlying skin and adipose (fat) layers caused by a......
neonatal hypothyroidism
neonatal hypothyroidism, condition characterized by the absence, lack, or dysfunction of thyroid hormone production......
nephroblastoma
nephroblastoma, malignant renal (kidney) tumour of early childhood. In 75 percent of the cases, the tumour grows......
nephrosclerosis
nephrosclerosis, hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood......
nephrotic syndrome
nephrotic syndrome, group of signs of kidney malfunction, including a low level of albumin (a protein) and a high......
nervous system disease
nervous system disease, any of the diseases or disorders that affect the functioning of the human nervous system.......
- Introduction
- Emotional Disturbances
- Motor Disorders, Symptoms, Treatments
- EEG, Diagnosis, Treatment
- Localization, Symptoms, Diagnosis
- Cerebellar Dysfunction, Ataxia, Tremors
- Infections, Symptoms, Causes
- Disorders, Symptoms, Treatment
- Meninges, CSF, Symptoms
- Motor Neuron, Symptoms, Treatment
- Muscle Diseases
- Tumors, Symptoms, Treatment
- Optic Nerve, Vision Loss, Blindness
- Sleep Disorders
- Dystonias, Muscle Spasms, Treatment
- Dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's
- Tension Headaches, Migraines, Neuropathy
- Prions, Symptoms, Treatment
- Stroke, Symptoms, Treatment
- Unlocalized, Multifocal, Disorders
- Fluid, Mineral, Electrolyte Disorders
- Demyelinating, Autoimmune, Neuropathy
neural tube defect
neural tube defect, any congenital defect of the brain and spinal cord as a result of abnormal development of the......
neurasthenia
neurasthenia, a syndrome marked by physical and mental fatigue accompanied by withdrawal and...
neuroblastoma
neuroblastoma, a tumour of the sympathetic nervous system (the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is best......
neurofibromatosis
neurofibromatosis, either of two hereditary disorders characterized by distinctive skin lesions and by benign,......
neurogenic arthropathy
neurogenic arthropathy, condition characterized by the destruction of a stress-bearing joint, with development......
neuropathy
neuropathy, disorder of the peripheral nervous system. It may be genetic or acquired, progress quickly or slowly,......
neurosis
neurosis, generally outmoded term used to refer to mental disorders characterized by anxiety, depression, or other......
neurotoxin
neurotoxin, substance that alters the structure or function of the nervous system. More than 1,000 chemicals are......
nevus
nevus, congenital skin lesion, or birthmark, caused by abnormal pigmentation or by proliferation of blood vessels......
Newcastle disease
Newcastle disease, a serious viral disease of birds caused by a paramyxovirus and marked by respiratory and nervous......