Muhammad: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
English-language works on Muhammad include Jonathan E. Brockopp (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Muḥammad (2010); Jonathan A.C. Brown, Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (2009); Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (1960); Alfred Guillaume (trans.), The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (1955); Andreas Görke (ed.), Muḥammad: Critical Concepts in Religious Studies (2015); Tarif Khalidi, Images of Muhammad: Narratives of the Prophet of Islam (2009); David Marshall, God, Muhammad and the Unbelievers: A Qurʾanic Study (1999); Andrew Rippin, Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, 3rd ed. (2005); Annemarie Schimmel, And Muhammad Is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety (1985); and Gregor Schoeler, The Biography of Muḥammad: Nature and Authenticity (2011).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
Other Contributors
- mohamed ali o elbou
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anniversary information added. | Jun 04, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Jan 01, 2026 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 12, 2025 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 22, 2024 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Mar 19, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 16, 2020 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Sep 16, 2019 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Jul 20, 2017 | ||
| Standing article replaced by new entry written jointly with Nicolai Sinai. | Jul 20, 2017 | ||
| Standing article replaced by new entry, written jointly with William Montgomery Watt. | Jul 20, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 23, 2016 | ||
| Changed description of the Dome of the Rock from "mosque" to "monument." | May 04, 2016 | ||
| Article revised to identify Al-'Aqabah as a place in Mina, on the outskirts of Mecca. |
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Jun 26, 2015 | |
| Article revised to delete "Koran" as alternative spelling of "Qur'an." | Jun 12, 2015 | ||
| Revised discussion of Muhammad's 99 names. Changed his first wife's name from "Khadījah bint al-Khuwaylid" to "Khadījah bint Khuwaylid." | Oct 22, 2013 | ||
| Article revised to delete a statement about Muhammad being the only founder of a world religion who lived "in the full light of history" and a paragraph on the so-called "Satanic Verses" legend. | Oct 25, 2012 | ||
| Media revised. | Jul 14, 2011 | ||
| Corrected spelling of Byzantium. | Jun 02, 2009 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Dec 14, 2007 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 29, 2006 |