Mikhail Gorbachev: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Gorbachev’s life and achievements are chronicled in Zhores Medvedev, Gorbachev (1986); Christian Schmidt-Häuer, Gorbachev: The Path to Power (1986; originally published in German, 1985); and Dusko Doder and Louise Branson, Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin (1990).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Al Jazeera - Mikhail Gorbachev: The rise and fall of the last Soviet leader. Oct 31, 2026
Anniversary information added. Aug 26, 2026
Anniversary information added. Feb 26, 2026
Add new Web site: PBS News - A look at the legacy of Mikhail Gorbachev, final leader of the Soviet Union. Jan 13, 2026
Add new Web site: BBC - Witness History - Mikhail Gorbachev: Perestroika. Nov 08, 2025
Add new Web site: CNN World - Mikhail Gorbachev Fast Facts. Sep 30, 2025
Add new Web site: Official Site of The Gorbachev Foundation. Jul 22, 2025
Add new Web site: ABC listen - Late Night Live - Gorbachev's legacy. Jun 09, 2025
Questions and answers added. Feb 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights - Mikhail Gorbachev : Free Expression, Free Elections, and Democratic Reforms (PDF). Feb 10, 2025
Add new Web site: Harvard University - Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies - Mikhail Gorbachev (1931�2022) � Magnificent Achievements, Monumental Failures. Oct 28, 2024
Add new Web site: CORE - Book Review: Mikhail S. Gorbachev: An Intimate Biography. May 27, 2024
Add new Web site: Al Jazeera - Mikhail Gorbachev: The rise and fall of the last Soviet leader. Apr 15, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Mar 08, 2024
Add new Web site: Wilson Center Digital Archive - Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev. Feb 13, 2024
Add new Web site: BBC News - Mikhail Gorbachev: The Soviet leader who helped end the Cold War. May 16, 2023
Add new Web site: Miller Center - Mikhail Gorbachev: The last Soviet leader. Apr 07, 2023
Media added. Feb 02, 2023
Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Mikhail S. Gorbachev. Nov 08, 2022
He died on August 30, 2022. Aug 30, 2022
Revised birth location. Mar 16, 2021
Media added. Jan 07, 2021
Noted that he and Aleksandr Lebedev failed to found their proposed political party and that he supported Russia's annexation of Crimea. Jun 26, 2018
Replaced photograph. Feb 07, 2017
Add new Web site: RT Russiapedia - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev. Dec 04, 2016
Add new Web site: The Nobel Prize - Mikhail Gorbachev. Dec 04, 2016
Add new Web site: Age of the Sage - Transmitting the Wisdoms of the Ages - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev. Dec 04, 2016
Add new Web site: The Cold War Museum - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev. Dec 04, 2016
Add new Web site: Academy of Achievement - Biography of Mikhail S. Gorbachev. Jul 21, 2016
Media added. Jun 11, 2015
Added video. Dec 05, 2014
Add new Web site: Spartacus Educational - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev. Jan 08, 2014
Added photographs. Mar 01, 2011
Added photograph. Mar 16, 2010
Media added. Jan 21, 2009
Article revised and updated. Oct 06, 2008
Media added. Aug 31, 2006
Article revised and updated. Aug 31, 2006
Added new Web site: TIME 100: Mikhail Gorbachev. May 10, 2006
Article added to new online database. Jan 14, 1999
View Changes:
Article History
Revised:
By: