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Julian (born ad 331/332, Constantinople—died June 26/27, 363, Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia) was a Roman emperor from ad 361 to 363, nephew of Constantine the Great, and a noted scholar and military leader who was proclaimed emperor by his troops. A persistent enemy of Christianity, he publicly announced his conversion to paganism in 361, thus acquiring the epithet “the Apostate.” Julian was a younger son of Julius Constantius, the half brother of Constantine I (the Great), and...