John M. Stahl

John M. Stahl (born January 21, 1886, New York City, New York, U.S.—died January 12, 1950, Los Angeles, California) was an American filmmaker who was considered one of the preeminent directors of so-called “women’s pictures,” melodramas that were aimed at female moviegoers.

Stahl began acting onstage while a teenager, and in 1913 he appeared in his first films, cast in bit parts. The following year he directed the feature A Boy and the Law. Stahl went on to helm more than 20 silent films, including Suspicious Wives (1921), Why Men Leave Home (1924), The Gay Deceiver (1926), and the Ramon Novarro drama Lovers? (1927). During this time he also began producing.

In 1930 Stahl directed his first sound feature, The Lady Surrenders. It was a melodrama, the genre in which he would specialize. Seed (1931) was a soap opera set in the world of publishing, with John Boles as a clerk who leaves his wife and children for an editor he hopes might publish his writings; Bette Davis appeared as one of the daughters. Next was Strictly Dishonorable (1931), an adaptation of the Preston Sturges stage comedy, with Paul Lukas and Sidney Fox as would-be lovers.

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Stahl then made the hugely popular romance Back Street (1932), which was based on the Fannie Hurst novel. Boles portrayed an engaged man who falls in love with another woman (Irene Dunne); over the next 30 years, she makes numerous sacrifices in order to be his mistress. That was followed by Only Yesterday (1933), in which Margaret Sullavan made her screen debut, portraying an unwed mother. Imitation of Life (1934) was a well-mounted adaptation of Hurst’s drama about racism and single parenthood, as told through the friendship of two women—one white (Claudette Colbert), the other African American (Louise Beavers); the film received an Academy Award nomination for best picture. In 1935 Stahl directed Magnificent Obsession, in which Robert Taylor starred as an irresponsible man whose recklessness indirectly causes the death of a doctor and later contributes to the doctor’s widow (Dunne) going blind; he then spends several years learning medicine so that he can restore her sight and in the process wins the Nobel Prize. The redemptive story proved popular with moviegoers, and it was another hit for Stahl, who had earned a reputation for making well-crafted melodramas that were often better than their improbable storylines would suggest.

In 1937 Stahl helmed Parnell. a lavish biopic with Clark Gable miscast as the 19th-century Irish politician and Myrna Loy as his mistress, Katie O’Shea. The plodding drama was notable for being Gable’s biggest box-office failure. Stahl returned to more familiar material with Letter of Introduction (1938), which starred Andrea Leeds as a would-be actress who refuses to use her estranged actor father (Adolphe Menjou) to break into the business; Edgar Bergen and his ventriloquist dummy Charlie McCarthy were also prominently featured. Next was When Tomorrow Comes (1939), a romantic drama that featured Charles Boyer as a married pianist who falls in love with a waitress (Irene Dunne). The film, along with Imitation of Life and Magnificent Obsession, was later remade by Douglas Sirk.

After the screwball comedy Our Wife (1941), Stahl ventured into war dramas with The Immortal Sergeant (1943), which starred Henry Fonda. Arguably better were Holy Matrimony (1943), a comedy that featured a fine performance by Monty Woolley as a reclusive painter, and the wartime romance The Eve of St. Mark (1944). Stahl then made the big-budget epic The Keys of the Kingdom (1944), which was adapted from the A.J. Cronin novel about a missionary’s event-filled life. Although overlong and perhaps too earnest, the drama was one of the year’s big hits, and it launched Gregory Peck to stardom; for his performance as Father Francis Chisholm, he received his first Academy Award nomination.

Stahl’s next film was quite possibly the best of his career. Leave Her to Heaven (1945) was based on Ben Ames Williams’s best seller about pathological jealousy. Gene Tierney starred as an unstable woman whose obsession with her husband (Cornel Wilde) results in murder and suicide; the supporting cast included Vincent Price and Jeanne Crain. Although there was some debate over whether the thriller was a true film noir—it featured spectacular locales and was shot in Technicolor, both of which were uncommon for the genre—Leave Her to Heaven had one of the screen’s most memorable femme fatales, for which Tierney earned her only Oscar nomination. Her performance helped make the film one of the year’s highest grossers. Stahl then directed The Foxes of Harrow (1947), an adaptation of Frank Yerby’s novel. The popular drama, which was set in 1820s New Orleans, starred Rex Harrison as a womanizing gambler and Maureen O’Hara as his wife.

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Stahl’s later movies were not as well received. The melodrama The Walls of Jericho (1948), with Wilde and Linda Darnell, was a flawed adaptation of the Paul Wellman novel. The genial Father Was a Fullback (1949) was arguably better; Fred MacMurray played a college football coach who struggles with a losing team and two rebellious daughters (Natalie Wood and Betty Lynn). Stahl’s last film was the period musical Oh, You Beautiful Doll (1949), which featured S.Z. (“Cuddles”) Sakall as songwriter Fred Fisher. Less than a year after completing these films, Stahl died.