Elijah Muhammad: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Elijah Muhammad, Message to the Blackman in America (1965, reprinted 1997), summarizes the main message and doctrines of the Nation of Islam, and his How to Eat to Live, 2 vol. (1967–72), provides dietary rules for the Nation’s members.
Biographies of Elijah Muhammad include Karl Evanzz, The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad (1999), a critical treatment that focuses on the split with Malcolm X; and Claude Andrew Clegg III, An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad (1997), a sympathetic reconstruction of his life. Bruce Perry, Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America (1991), includes sections on Elijah Muhammad’s life.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Tracy Grant
Tracy Grant is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. She previously served as editor in chief, the first woman to hold that title.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Article thoroughly revised and updated. | Apr 22, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Feb 21, 2026 | ||
| Modified link of Web site: PBS - American Experience - Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. | Nov 14, 2025 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Oct 03, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Project MUSE - The Life of Elijah Muhammad (PDF). | Apr 14, 2025 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Mar 28, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: My Black History - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Jul 07, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: University at Albany - Message from the Wilderness of North America: Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam, c. 1960. | Apr 27, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: PBS - American Experience - Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam. | May 15, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Famous African Americans - Elijah Muhammad. | May 15, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: BlackPast - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Feb 11, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: Fact Monster - People - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Oct 21, 2010 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Apr 21, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Coalition for the Remembrance of Elijah Muhammad - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Dec 07, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Spartacus Educational - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Dec 07, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Africa Within - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Dec 07, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Nation of Islam - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Dec 07, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Notable Biographies - Biography of Elijah Muhammad. | Dec 07, 2007 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jan 12, 2000 |
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