Álvaro Arzú

Álvaro Arzú (born March 14, 1946, Guatemala City, Guatemala—died April 27, 2018, Guatemala City) was a Guatemalan businessman and politician who served as president of Guatemala (1996–2000). He helped the country take the first steps toward recovery from its decades-long civil war. Arzú also served as mayor of Guatemala City (1986–90, 2004–18).

Descended from Basque immigrants, Arzú was a member of Guatemala’s small but powerful European elite. As a young man, he tried boxing and bullfighting, but he was most successful in business. He earned a degree in social and legal sciences from Rafael Landívar University. In 1978 he became the director of the Guatemalan Tourist Institute.

Representing the Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (Partido Democracia Cristiana Guatemalteca; PDCG), he was elected mayor of Guatemala City in 1982 but was not able to assume the position, because of a military coup. He ran again in 1985 under the umbrella of the Civic Committee Plan for National Advancement, a coalition of parties including the PDCG, and decisively won. He took office in 1986 and served as mayor until 1990. In 1989 the committee became an official political party, the National Advancement Party (Partido de Avanzada Nacional; PAN), under whose sponsorship Arzú made an unsuccessful run for the presidency in 1990. In 1991 he was appointed minister of foreign affairs. He resigned the post that same year to become secretary-general of PAN. Advocating various social reforms, as well as peace with Guatemala’s guerrillas, he ran for president again in 1995. With strong support from voters in Guatemala City, he narrowly won the office in a runoff election held on January 7, 1996.

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Once in office, Arzú moved swiftly to bring the country’s long civil war to an end. (Starting in 1954, Guatemala’s government faced formidable guerrilla opposition that sparked civil war.) His efforts involved reaching accords with the leftist Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca; URNG), including plans to demobilize the guerrillas and reintegrate them into society, reduce the size of the armed forces, and create a civilian force to take over police duties. The government also signed an international agreement outlining the rights of indigenous peoples. In March 1996 the government and the URNG agreed to a temporary cease-fire. On December 4 they signed a permanent cease-fire in Oslo, and on December 29 in Guatemala City they signed the Accord for a Firm and Lasting Peace, which thus ended a conflict that had lasted more than 35 years.

The task of implementing the agreements was among Arzú’s principal concerns in 1997. In January he traveled to Brussels, where he met with representatives of the United Nations (UN) and major lending countries to secure financial aid. Overcoming diplomatic objections from China, he then won agreement by the UN to station observers in Guatemala. Along with working tirelessly to implement the accords, Arzú was credited with improving infrastructure, education, and health care and reducing crime in the country during his term.

Arzú was constitutionally barred from seeking a second term as president. He was reelected mayor of Guatemala City in 2003 under the conservative Unionist Party (Partido Unionista; PU), a group that he had organized in 2002 after losing PAN’s support for his policies. He took office in 2004, and three years later he won a third term as mayor, capturing about 55 percent of the vote. Reelected in 2011 and 2015, he was still in office when he died after suffering a heart attack in 2018.