harmony: References & Edit History

Two works by 20th-century composers that give considerable insight into the role of all musical elements in composition are Paul Hindemith, Unterweisung im Tonsatz (1937–39; Eng. trans., The Craft of Musical Composition, 2 bks., 1941–42); and Arnold Schoenberg, Harmonielehre, 3rd ed. (1922; abridged Eng. translation, Theory of Harmony, 1948). Schoenberg’s formulation of his 12-tone theories may be found in his Style and Idea (1950). Other theoretical works that trace the fluid state of harmony since the later 19th century include Elliott Zuckerman, The First Hundred Years of Wagner’s “Tristan” (1964); Henry Cowell, New Musical Resources (1930, reprinted 1968); and George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality, 2nd. ed. (1968). Standard textbooks based on the theories of Rameau include Walter Piston, Harmony, 3rd ed. (1962); and Roger Sessions, Harmonic Practice (1951).